Psychological Analysis (2017), 1 (XXXIV): 91-100 doi: 10.14417/ap.

1167

Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Obsessive-Compulsive

Inventory – Revised
Miguel Nuno Faria* Ismael Cardoso*
* NICiTeS – Research Center in Health Sciences and Technologies, ERISA

The psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Obsessive-Compulsive were examined.
Inventory – Revised (OCI-R; Foa et al., 2002) in two non-clinical samples (N=509). The structure
the original six correlated factors were confirmed through a confirmatory factor analysis,
having also evidenced the structural invariance according to the sex of the OCI-R. The results,
For the total scale and each of the subscales, good internal consistency and convergent validity were revealed.
is divergent and reliability test-retest after a one-month interval. It is concluded that the version in
The OCI-R in Portuguese retains the good psychometric properties of the original version being an instrument
suitable for assessing obsessive-compulsive symptoms in non-clinical samples.
Assessment, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Portuguese version, Properties
psychometric.

In recent years, several instruments have been developed to assess the severity of
obsessive-compulsive disturbance (OCD). Among them, we can mention the Maudsley Obsessive-
Compulsive Inventory (MOCI; Hodgson & Rachman, 1977), or Compulsive Activity Checklist
(CAC; Steketee & Freund, 1993), or Padua Inventory (PI; Sanavio, 1988) and, more recently, the
Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI; Foa, Kozak, Salkovskis, Coles, & Amir, 1998). The OCI
It has been validated in clinical and non-clinical samples, and has shown good properties.
psychometric (Foa et al., 1998; Simonds, Thorpe, & Elliot, 2000; Wu & Watson, 2003).
Despite the great acceptance of the OCI, one of its disadvantages is that it is somewhat long for studies.
of investigations that require brevity, and the need to develop self-assessment measures
Brief and effective psychological constructs have been emphasized by various authors (Donnellan,
Oswald, Baird, & Lucas, 2009; Jonason & Webster, 2010; Rammstedt & John, 2007.
The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) is a shortened version of the OCI.
developed by Foa et al. (2002). Instead of the 42 items that make up the original scale, the OCI-R
there are only 18 items, including six factors (cleaning, checking, order, hoarding obsessions and
neutralization), with three items each. This reduced version has some advantages over the OCI,
namely the possibility of being able to directly compare the values of the subscales, one
since all have the same number of items, the disappearance of a redundant factor
(frequency) and a lower overlap of the subscales (Souza et al., 2008).
Several studies have been conducted in recent years on the psychometric properties of
OCI-R, particularly at the level of its factorial structure in adults, in clinical samples
(Abramowitz & Deacon, 2006; Gönner, Leonhart, & Ecker, 2008; Huppert et al., 2007), non-

Correspondence regarding this article should be sent to: Miguel Nuno Faria, NICiTeS - Core of
Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, ERISA, Rua do Telhal aos Olivais, 8/8a, 1950-396 Lisbon,
Portugal. E-mail: [Link]@[Link]

91
-clinics (Fullana et al., 2005; Malpica, Ruiz, Godoy, & Gavino, 2009; Roberts & Wilson, 2008;
Silva, Costa, Vicente, & Lourenço, 2011; Zermatten, Van der Linden, Jermann, & Ceschi, 2006,
and both (Sica et al., 2009; Solem, Hjemdal, Vogel, & Stiles, 2010). The results of these studies
consistently point to a structure of six correlated factors, with indexes of
adjustment from good to excellent. In some of the works mentioned above, it was also
considered the existence of a second-order general obsessive-compulsive factor. Although the
adjustment indices had revealed in most cases acceptable, the six model
factors proved to be the most suitable. In light of this, the existence of a single general factor also
has been considered (Solem et al., 2010), but the results were not satisfactory.
Although the prevalence of PCOS is identical in men and women, some studies have
shown differences according to sex in some of the factors that make up the OCI-R. When they were
used clinical samples, men tend to have higher values in the subscales
order and accumulation, while in women higher scores were observed in cleanliness.
In non-clinical samples, however, differences have not been consistently found.
between men and women (Fullana et al., 2005).
In light of its psychometric properties and the short amount of time it takes to complete,
OCI-R is currently one of the preferred measures to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms in
clinical and non-clinical contexts. As Zermatten et al. (2006) point out, the difference between the
obsessions and compulsions that manifest at a non-clinical level and in POC, occur mainly
in terms of frequency and intensity, and not in its content. Therefore, the use of larger samples
it can be useful to evaluate the content and characteristics of the dimensions that make up the OCI-R.
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties and the structure.
factorial of the OCI-R in a non-clinical sample of Portuguese participants, in order to promote and
facilitate the investigation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Method

Participants
The sample consisted of 519 individuals from the general population. Of these, 218 (42%) were from
male sex and 301 (58%) were female. Ages ranged from 18 to 45 years
(M=31.54,DP=7.57). Participation was voluntary, and consent was obtained.
informed, ensuring the anonymity and confidentiality of the collected data.

Instruments

Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Revised (OCI-R). The OCI-R (Foa et al., 2002) is a

self-assessment questionnaire composed of 18 items that evaluates the degree of disturbance felt
regarding obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the last month. The responses are given
on a five-point scale, from 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Extremely). The OCI-R assesses the
symptomatology of POC through six factors: (a) Accumulation, (b) Verification, (c) Order, (d)
Neutralização, (e) Limpeza e (f) Obsessões, com três itens cada. Os resultados para cada subescala
vary between 0 and 12, with a total score calculated equally by the sum of the 18
items, which varies between 0 and 72. The higher the total score on the scale, the greater the prevalence of the
symptoms. In studies conducted in several countries (Abramowitz & Deacon, 2006; Fullana et al.,
2005; Malpica et al., 2009; Solem et al., 2010), the OCI-R showed good properties
psychometric. The original OCI-R was translated into Portuguese by the authors and a

92
back-translation by an independent official translator. Small differences between the two versions were
corrected and the final version was established after an experimental administration to a group of
12 university students. The final version of the scale is presented in Appendix A.

Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). OY-BOCS (Goodman et al., 1989) is a

scale composed of 10 items that assesses the degree of disturbance felt with obsessive symptoms
-compulsive. Five questions assess the obsessions and the other five evaluate the compulsions,
regarding the time spent, interference with functioning, subjective discomfort, resistance
to the symptoms and control over the symptoms. Responses are given on a five-point scale,
which varies from 0 (No symptoms) to 4 (Very severe). OY-BOCS has shown good properties
psychometric, in clinical samples (Federici et al., 2010) and non-clinical (Frost, Steketee, Krause,
& Trepanier, 1995). In our study, the Y-BOCS showed appropriate alpha values.
Cronbach, for the total scale (α(= .848), whether for the subscales related to obsessions
(α=.721) and compulsions (α= .740).
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The BDI-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) is an instrument
the self-assessment consisting of 21 items that evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms. Each
phrase is classified on a four-point scale, where higher values correspond to levels
higher levels of depressive symptoms. The Portuguese version of the BDI-II was used, which
has good evidence of psychometric properties, with a Cronbach's alpha of .90 (Campos &
Gonçalves, 2011.
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The BAI (Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988) is an instrument
self-assessment consisting of 21 items that evaluate the severity of anxious symptoms. The
responses are given on a four-point scale, where higher values correspond to levels
higher levels of anxious symptoms. The Portuguese version of this scale was used, which presents
good psychometric characteristics (Quintão, Delgado, & Prieto, 2013), with a high
internal consistencyα=.92) and good temporal stability (r=.75, with an interval between applications
of a week).

Procedure

After a brief explanation of the work's objectives, each participant received a protocol.
with a cover sheet containing instructions regarding the anonymous and confidential nature of the study,
after the written consent was obtained. After the cover page, the participants
they found a sociodemographic questionnaire and the instruments used. The OCI-R was
administered first, followed by Y-BOCS, BDI-II, and BAI. Eighty-two individuals
(49 women, 33 men) completed a second administration of the OCI-R about a month later.
then they constituted the sample for the test-retest procedures.

Results

A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed on the OCI-R using EQS 6.1.
(Bentler, 2005), testing a model of six correlated factors (six latent variables
with three items each), as originally developed by Foa et al. (2002), and that studies
posteriors (Fullana et al., 2005; Malpica et al., 2009; Piqueras et al., 2009; Roberts & Wilson,
2008; Sica et al., 2009) have proven to be suitable. The maximum method was used.

93
likelihood. The results showed adequate fit values, considering
the criteria typically proposed for the adjustment indices (Hooper, Coughlan, & Mullen,
2008). Thus, the value of theχ2Satorra-Bentler (120) was 289.436 (p<.001), while the value of
χ2/gl was 2.412. As for the values of the other adjustment indices, the Comparative Fit Index
(CFI) was .942 (recommended values ≥.93), the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) was .925 (≥.90),
Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) was .048 (≤.08) and the value of the Root Mean Square
The Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was .052 (≤ .06), with a value of .060 for the upper limit.
of the 90% confidence interval (recommended values below .08).
All factorial loads presented values higher than .60, except for item 16 (.480) (see
Figure 1). The six factors, as expected, correlated significantly (p<.001) and
positive, with values ranging between .347 (washing and obsessions) and .641 (checking and washing).

Figure 1. Six-factor model tested in the CFA of the OCI-R

Next, the invariance by sex for the tested model was examined.
using the criterion of Δχ2(Byrne & Stewart, 2006). The baseline model (M1) did not present
any restrictions. In the second model (M2), the factor loadings were restricted to be
equivalents in both groups (male and female). In the last model (M3), it wants the loads
factors want the values of the variances and covariances to be restricted to be equivalent.
The results are presented in Table 1.

94
Table 1
Adjustment values for the different test models of invariance by sex
Model χ2 gl CFI RMSEA SRMR Dχ2 Dgl p
M1 514.054 240 .938 .047 .042
M2 532.376 252 .937 .046 .045 18.321 12 .106
M3 552.422 273 .937 .044 .055 38.367 33 .239
Note.2=Satorra-Bentler adjusted chi-square; gl=degrees of freedom; CFI=comparative fit index;
RMSEA=root mean square error of approximation; SRMR=standardized root-mean-square residual;
Dχ2difference in chi-square; Dgl =difference in degrees of freedom. M1=Base model (without
restrictions); M2=M1 with restricted factor loadings; M3=M2 with factor loadings and covariances
restricted.

The differences between the chi-square values did not indicate significant differences between
The M1 and M2 models (p=.106). Similarly, the M1 and M3 models proved to be equivalent.
(p=.239). Thus, the OCI-R meets the criteria for unit invariance of factor loading and covariances.
(Van Prooijen & van der Kloot, 2001), which can be applied to both sexes.
The values for the descriptive statistics and internal consistency for each of the six
dimensions are represented in Table 2, for the total sample and by sex. The men
presented higher values in all subscales and in the total scale, with the exception of
subscale cleaning, but none of these differences was significant. The internal consistency of
factors can be considered good, with Cronbach's alpha values between .750 (cleaning)
e .901 (obsessions), with the exception of the neutralization subscale, which showed a lower value
(α= .614), similar to what had already been verified in previous studies (Piqueras et al., 2009;
Sica et al., 2009; Zermatten et al., 2006). The total scale showed internal consistency.
excellent (Nunnally & Bernstein, 1994), with a value of .891. The average of the inter-correlations
-item for the six factors ranged between .382 (neutralization) and .753 (obsessions), with a value
der=.316 for the total scale.

Table 2
Means, DP, and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for the total scale and subscales of the OCI-R for
the total sample and by sex
Total Male Female
Subscale M DP M DP M DP t α
Accumulation 02.75002.415 02.936 2.570 2.611 2.290 -1.513 .777
Verification 01.89202.075 01.890 2.040 1.894 2.103 0-.020 .876
Order 03.39402.517 03.459 2.354 3.349 2.632 -0.490 .812
Neutralization 01.25401.739 01.335 1.760 1.196 1.724 -0.898 .614
Cleaning 01.46802.062 01.321 1.665 1.575 1.980 -1.538 .750
Obsessions 02.84803.041 02.968 2.813 2.761 2.760 -0.837 .901
OCI-R Total 13.605 13.908 9.245 1.385 9.561 -0.623 .891

Table 3 shows the analysis of the correlations between the subscales of the OCI-R and these.
with the full scale. The results show that all correlations were positive and significant.
The correlations between the subscales and the total score were strong, ranging from .654.
(neutralization) er=.744 (order), while the intercorrelations between the six subscales were
fracas to moderate, with values ranging between .280 (cleaning and obsessions) and .518
(cleaning and verification).

95
Table 3
Correlations between the subscales of the OCI-R and with the total scale
2 3 4 5 6 OCI-R Total
Accumulation .350 .374 .372 .322 .509 .715
2. Verification .388 .344 .518 .317 .673
3. Order .414 .492 .414 .744
4. Neutralization .378 .384 .654
Cleaning .280 .677
6. Obsessions .732
Note. All significant correlations are for p<.01.

The convergent validity of the total OCI-R scale was determined through the correlation of the OCI-R.
with another measure of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, the Y-BOCS. The total score of the OCI-R
it correlated positively and strongly with the total score of the Y-BOCS (r=.748) indicating
a good convergent validity. Regarding the subscales, the Pearson correlation values varied
between .465 (accumulation) and .591 (cleaning), which also indicates good convergent validity
for the six subscales (see Table 4). The total scores of
OCI-R with BDI-II and BAI, having found weak Pearson correlation values. In addition
thus, the total score of the OCI-R showed significantly lower associations with the
BAI and BDI-II than with Y-BOCS (all values are greater than 1.96, p < .05), suggesting therefore,
appropriate divergent validity.

Table 4
Correlations between OCI-R, YBOCS, BDI, and BAI
Y-BOCS
Total Obsessions Compulsions BDI-II BAI
Accumulation .465 .457 .413 .165 .150
Verification .478 .463 .433 .280 .174
Order .521 .488 .488 .169 .167
Neutralization .526 .505 .480 .137 .160
Cleaning .591 .589 .518 .202 .153
Obsessions .581 .489 .598 .165 .220
OCI-R Total .748 .703 .699 .263 .246
Nota. OCI-R: Obsessive-compulsive inventory-revised;Y-BOCS:Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale;
BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory; BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory. All significant correlations
parap<.01.

Next, the Pearson correlation value was calculated to determine the temporal stability of
OCI-R, having the average time interval between the two applications of the scale been four
weeks. The results obtained by us for the total scale of the OCI-R (r=.787) were slightly
superior to those of Hajcak, Huppert, Simons, and Foa (2004) and Malpica et al. (2009), who reported
.70 and .61 values, respectively, with an identical time interval. As for the subscales,
the Pearson coefficients ranged from .512 (neutralization) to .728 (accumulation), which allows
conclude that the OCI-R has good test-retest reliability.
In Table 5, we can compare the results of the present study with those of the original study.
(Foa et al., 2002), and those of the French adaptation (Zermatten et al., 2006) and Spanish adaptation (Fullana et al.
al., 2005), which were also done with non-clinical samples. We can observe that the values
from the Portuguese version occupy an intermediate position in relation to the other studies.

96
Table 5
Means (DP) for the subscales and total scale of the OCI-R for this study and those of Zermatten et al.
al., Fullana et al., and Foa et al.
This study Zermatten et al. (2005) Fullana et al. (2005) Foa et al. (2002)
n=519 n=583 n=381 n=477
Accumulation 2.75 (2.42) 03.11 (2.47) 02.39 (3.85) 4.41 (2.67)
Verification 1.89 (2.08) 01.72 (2.29) 02.31 (2.27) 2.91 (2.56)
Order 3.39 (2.52) 02.84 (2.55) 04.06 (2.53) 4.40 (3.03)
Neutralization 1.25 (1.74) 00.82 (1.60) 00.91 (1.50) 1.82 (2.20)
Cleaning 1.47 (2.06) 00.87 (1.55) 01.24 (1.77) 2.41 (2.50)
Obsessions 2.89 (3.04) 01.99 (2.18) 03.28 (2.95) 2.86 (2.72)
OCI-R Total 13.61 (10.45) 11.38 (8.55) 15.59 (9.34) 18.82 (11.10)

Discussion

The aim of this study was to validate a Portuguese version of the OCI-R developed by Foa.
et al. (2002) in a non-clinical sample. Our results indicate that the properties
The psychometric properties of the OCI-R in Portuguese are comparable to those of the original scale, suggesting properties.
appropriate psychometrics in terms of convergent validity, divergent validity, and reliability
test-retest.
The original six-factor structure proposed by Foa et al. (2002) and subsequently replicated.
in several studies it was tested with a confirmatory factor analysis, with results indicating
an excellent adjustment for this model.
An important fact that is often not addressed in studies with the OCI-R is that of the eventual
difference between sexes. Knowing that although men tend to have higher scores
elevated in some dimensions of POC symptoms, these differences are generally not
significant. Our results showed that the differences between the averages for the subscales
The total scale of the OCI-R was not statistically significant between the sexes. In addition, the
CFA results showed that the proposed six-factor structure is adequate for men and
women, since it is invariant with respect to sex.
In psychometric terms, the internal consistency of the total scale was excellent, with a value of
Cronbach's alpha of .90. Convergent validity was well established with the Y-BOCS, with
Pearson coefficients above .70 with the total score and the subscales (obsessions and
compulsions), while the correlations with two measures of anxiety (BAI, r=0.28) and depression
(BDI-II, r=0.30), although significant, were considerably lower, suggesting,
therefore, adequate discriminant validity for the OCI-R.
The values of temporal stability in our study were slightly lower than those obtained
according to Foa et al. (2002), which may be due to the different time interval between the two
applications (one month vs. one week). However, our results show an excellent
temporal stability, with a value of .79, being identical to or higher than those obtained in others
studies (Hajcak et al., 2004; Malpica et al., 2009) with similar samples and with a range of
identical tempo.
As for the subscales of the OCI-R, the values of internal consistency were generally
good scores, except for the neutralization subscale (a=0.64), which had already been observed in other
studies (Malpica et al., 2009; Zermatten et al., 2006), which may likely be due to the
fact that non-clinical samples were used, since in studies with clinical samples
(Abramowitz & Deacon, 2006; Foa et al., 2002), the internal consistency of the neutralization subscale
It was good. The convergent validity was also good, showing average to strong correlations with the

97
total score of Y-BOCS and its subscales. The divergent validity of the six domains was
excellent, presenting weak correlations with the BDI-II and the BAI, except for the subscale of
Verification, which showed a moderate correlation with the BDI-II.
In conclusion, the Portuguese version of the OCI-R presents good psychometric properties.
maintaining the structure of the original version. Despite the need for more studies, namely
with clinical samples, it is a brief and effective measure in assessing the various symptoms of COPD in
general population.

References

Abramowitz, J. S., & Deacon, B. J. (2006). Psychometric properties and construct validity of the Obsessive-
Compulsive Inventory – Revised: Replication and extension with a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety
Disorders, 20, 1016-1035. doi: 10.1016/[Link].2006.03.001
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety. Journal
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897.
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. (1996). BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II Manual. New York:
Psychological Corporation.
Bentler, P.M. (2005). EQS 6.1: Structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software Inc.
Byrne, B. M., & Stewart, S. M. (2006). The MACS approach to testing for multigroup invariance of a second-
order structure: A walk through the process. Structural Equation Modeling, 13, 287-321. doi: 10.1207/
s15328007sem1302_7
Campos, R., & Gonçalves, B. (2011). The Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).
European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27, 258-264.
Donnellan, M. B., Oswald, F. L., Baird, B. M., & Lucas, R. E. (2009). The mini-IPIP scales: Tiny-yet-effective
Measures of the Big Five factors of personality. Psychological Assessment, 18, 192-203. doi: 10.1037/1040-
3590.18.2.192
Federici, A., Summerfeldt, L. J., Harrington, J. L., McCabe, R. E., Purdon, C. L., Rowa, K., & Antony, M. M.
(2010). Consistency between self-report and clinician-administered versions of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-
Compulsive Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 729-733. doi: 10.1016/[Link].2010.05.005
Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002). The
Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological
Assessment, 14, 485-496. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485
Foa, E. B., Kozak, M. J., Salkovskis, P. M., Coles, M. E., & Amir, N. (1998). The validation of a new obsessive-
Compulsive disorder scale: The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 10, 206-214.
doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.10.3.206
Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., Krause, M. S., & Trepanier, K. L. (1995). The relationship of the Yale-Brown
Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) to other measures of obsessive compulsive symptoms in a
nonclinical population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65, 158-168. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6501_12
Fullana, M. A., Tortella-Feliu, M., Caseras, X., Andión, O., Torrubia, R., & Mataix-Cols, C. (2005). Psychometric
properties of the Spanish version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised in a non-clinical sample.
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 893-903. doi: 10.1016/[Link].2004.10.004
The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R)
Validation of the German version in a sample of patients with OCD, anxiety disorders, and depression
[Link] of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 734-749. doi: 10.1016/[Link].2007.07.007

98
Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Fleischmann, R. L., Hill, C. L., ... Charney, D.
S. (1989). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use and reliability. Archives
General Psychiatry, 46, 1006-1011.
Hajcak, G., Huppert, J. D., Simons, R. F., & Foa, E. B. (2004). Psychometric properties of the OCI-R in a collage
[Link] Research and Therapy, 42, 1163-1182. doi: 10.1016/[Link].2003.08.002
Hodgson, R. J., & Rachman, S. (1977). Obsessional-compulsive complaints. Behaviour Research and Therapy,
15, 389-395. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(77)90042-0
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modeling: Guidelines for determining
model fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6, 53-60.
Huppert, J. D., Walther, M. R., Hajcak, G., Yadin, E., Foa, E. B., Simpson, H. B., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2007).
The OCI-R: Validation of the subscales in a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 394-406.
Jonason, P.K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The Dirty Dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad. Psychological
Assessment, 22, 420-432. doi: 10.1037/a0019265
Inventory of Obsessions and Compulsions
Revised (OCI-R): Applicability to the general population. Annals of Psychology, 25, 217-226.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rdNew York: McGraw-Hill.
Piqueras, J. A., Martínez, A. E., Hidalgo, M. D., Fullana, M. A., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rosa, A. I. (2009).
Psychometric properties of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Revised in a non-clinical sample of late
adolescents. Behavioral Psychology, 17, 561-572. doi: 10.1016/[Link].2006.03.001
Quintão, S., Delgado, A. R., & Prieto, G. (2013). Validity study of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (Portuguese
version) by the Rasch Rating Scale model. Psychology Reflection and Critique, 26, 305-310. doi: 10.1590/S0102-
79722013000200010
Rammstedt, B., & John, O.P. (2007). Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of
The Big Five Inventory in English and German.
10.1016/[Link].2006.02.001
Roberts, M., & Wilson, M. (2008). Factor structure and response bias of the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-
Revised in a female undergraduate sample from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 37(2),
1-7.
Sanavio, E. (1988). Obsessions and compulsions: The Padua inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 26,
169-177. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(88)90116-7
Sica, C., Ghisi, M., Altoe, G., Chiri, L. R., Franceschini, S., Coradeschi, D., & Melli, G. (2009). The Italian
version of the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory: Its psychometric properties on community and clinical
[Link] of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 204-211. doi: 10.1016/[Link].2008.07.001
Silva, J. A., Costa, D. B., Vicente, M. L., & Lourenço, T. M. (2011). Obsession-Compulsion Inventory: Analysis
of the validity of a reduced instrument for thematic prevalence of OCD symptoms. Psico, 42, 519-
526.
Simonds, L. M., Thorpe, S. J., & Elliot, S. A. (2000). The obsessive compulsive inventory: Psychometric
properties in a non-clinical student sample. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 28, 153-159.
Solem, S., Hjemdal, O., Vogel, P.A., & Stiles, T. C. (2010). A Norwegian version of the Obsessive-Compulsive
Inventory – Revised: Psychometric properties. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 509-516. doi:
10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00798.x
Souza, F.P., Foa, E. B., Meyer, E., Niederauer, K. G., Raffin, A. L., & Cordioli, A.V. (2008). Obsessive-
Escalas de inventário compulsivo e inventário obsessivo-compulsivo revisado: Tradução para o brasileiro
Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 30, 42-46. doi: 10.1590/s1516-
44462006005000065

99
Steketee, G., & Freund, B. (1993). Compulsive Activity Checklist (CAC): Further psychometric analyses and
[Link] Psychotherapy, 21, 13-25. doi: 10.1017/S0141347300017766
Van Prooijen, J.W., & van der Kloot,W.A. (2001). Confirmatory analysis of exploratively obtained factor
Structures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 61, 777-792. doi: 10.1177/00131640121971518
Wu, K. D., & Watson, D. (2003). Further investigation of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Psychometric
analysis in two non-clinical samples. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 17, 305-319. doi: 10.1016/s0887-
6185(02)00234-7
Zermatten, A., Van der Linden, M., Jermann, F., & Ceschi, G. (2006). Validation of a French version of the
Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Revised in a non-clinical sample. European Review of Applied
Psychology, 56, 151-155. doi: 10.1016/[Link].2005.07.003

The psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory –

Revised (OCI-R; Foa et al., 2002) were examined in two non-clinical samples (N=509). The original
Six related factors structure was confirmed by means of confirmatory factor analysis, with results also
showing structural gender invariance of the OCI-R. The results for the full scale and the six subscales
revealed good internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and test-retest reliability after
an interval of one month. It is concluded that the Portuguese version of OCI-R retains the good
psychometric properties of the original version and is an adequate instrument to evaluate obsessive-
compulsive symptoms in non-clinical samples.
Key words: Evaluation, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Portuguese version, Psychometric properties.

09/23/2015 Acceptance: 02/06/2016

100