Types and Maintenance of Harrows
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsTypes and Maintenance of Harrows
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsAgricultural Implements:
Nation
12/12/2011
University of San Carlos of Guatemala
Faculty of Agronomy
Antonio José Hernández Barrios 200811346
Marcos Gabriel Miranda Gaytan
TABLE OF CONTENTS I
1 Introduction _________________________________________________________ 1
2 Objectives ____________________________________________________________ 1
3 Nations ______________________________________________________________ 2
3.1 Characteristics and Requirements of the types of Rastra ________________________ 2
3.2 Leveling _____________________________________________________________ 3
3.3 Lubrication and Maintenance ______________________________________________ 4
3.4 Guide to Problems and Solutions ____________________________________________ 5
1 Introduction
The plows are widely used throughout the country, both for primary tillage.
like for high school. The disc harrow is the most agricultural mechanical configuration
popular in the field of this country; it is used for primary tillage, preparation of
beds for planting, incorporation of lime, mixing of fertilizer and soil, planting at
shredder, fire break, grinder, cutter and incorporated plant residues, mechanical control
of weeds, cultivation tasks, etc.
The conventional soil preparation process in Guatemala is the result of the
climatic conditions; where it is not possible to have timely operational weather and
the optimal moisture level for preparing to carry out tillage efficiently.
2 Objectives
To understand the main function of a harrow as a mechanized implement for the
land preparation for modern agriculture.
Know the different types of harrows used in agriculture.
1
3 RASTRA
The disc plow is an implement that is attached to the three points of the lift.
hydraulic of the tractor. In general, to any implement that is attached to those three points, is
it is called integrated implement. The disc plow has fallen out of use due to its low
performance, as it covers approximately 1 meter in width with each pass, thus the area of
hourly work is low; moreover, as he works at a certain depth and turns almost
completely the soil block that cuts, its traction requirements are high, it is
saying requires a lot of power.
On the other hand, the harrows, which are also made of discs, have been very well received by the
farmers. They are implements that are attached to the tractor at a single point, that of the bar
by shooting and for this reason it is known as shooting implements. Its cutting width varies, but it is
current see tracks of 3.5 meters wide cut in a single pass, which means a lot
performance in one hour of work compared to the disc plow.
This implement generally does not penetrate deeper than 15 cm and the degree of overturning of
Cut soil is less than that of the disc plow. Its design is basically a frame or
very strong metal frame where two disk bodies are mounted, one at the front with the
concavity in such a way that it turns the cut soil to the right and a rear body
with discs mounted in the opposite direction so that they turn the ground to the left. The two
disc bodies do not mount parallel to the frame, they are offset forming an angle
what we call 'traba'; the greater the angle, the greater the penetration of the discs, greater
tillage and greater breaking apart of the large clods lifted, but also greater
tractor effort. With a smaller angle, situations contrary to the previous ones occur.
3.1 CHARACTERISTICS AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE TYPES OF RASTRA
There are several types of harrows, among which the following are mentioned:
Integral Beams: Formed by two bodies in an open V shape, so that the
discs oppose each other by their convex sides, Each body has between 6-20 discs, of
diameters between 45-55 cm, spaced 15 cm apart. It is the most commonly used.
Cut and move the floor twice on each pass.
Trailer Hitches: They connect to the tractor via the drawbar. More commonly used in
the preparation of heavy soils (heavy harrow).
Heavy Plows: Composed of several discs, mounted on a frame, works in
a vertical plane, forming an angle with the direction of progress. The size and weight
The weight of the discs is variable (80 –100 Kg), which determines the depth of
work. The rotation of the discs allows for high-speed operation and incorporation
partially the surface waste.
Excentric Plows: Primary tillage in light soils. Breaks and inverts the soil.
after the chisel. Cultivation between furrows in fruit tree plantations. Cuts and
mix waste before plowing. Break and mix clods after plowing and destroying
weeds.
3.2 LEVELING
The leveling of the harrow consists of having the discs of the two bodies make
contact with the ground at the same time when we lower them with the hydraulic system of the
tractor, so they will work at the same depth; for this, place the harrow in
transport position and level the frame using the crank screw (which is already
greased).
The shot or launch of the drag should not remain parallel to the frame, it should be moved a
distance to the left, (about 15 cm according to the type of harrow). The drawbar
The tractor should not remain fixed due to its stops; it must have lateral movements. The following
The step is to adjust the locking angle, taking into account both forward and backward.
remain in the same position. For very hard floors, the highest lock (third) is recommended.
position).
With these adjustments, the operation can begin. If the drag is pulling to one side, or not
it moves aligned behind the tractor, it is necessary to vary the hitch point towards
left or right as convenient. If the implement to be worked is integral, case of
chisel plow, its attachment is a bit extravagant and depends on the skill of the
worker to approach the implement in reverse. It is advisable to hook up first the
coupling bar, then the coupling bar and finally the lifting bar. For the
decoupling is done in the reverse process; sometimes in the field it is necessary to alter
these steps.
3.3 LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE
Every 10 hours or after a day's work
Check the tightening of the screws. Tighten if necessary. Especially the axles of the
discs. A key is provided with the rake to tighten these.
Grease the transport axle
The leveling system
Periodically
Grease the tapered roller bearings.
Lubricate the trailer's bearings.
Friction Bushings
The mountain tracks in friction bearings should be lubricated much more.
frequency of the mounted bearings.
3.4 GUIDE TO PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
4 CONCLUSIONS
A harrow is an agricultural tool designed to break up the parts or portions
of soil that has been removed by the plow; they are composed of a framework,
They can be made of wood and metal, the teeth and the hitch that connects it to the tractor.
The different types of harrows used in modern agriculture are the harrows.
integrals, trailer harrows, heavy harrows, and eccentric harrows.
5 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Tractor 'Mr. Specialist'
Villavicencio, J. (December 3, 2011). Wikipedia. Retrieved December 7, 2011, from
[Link]
Marcel Mazoyer, Laurence Roudart: History of World Agriculture: From
Neolithic to the contemporary crisis, Paris: Seuil, 2002, ISBN 2-02-053061-9, engl. A
History of World Agriculture: From the Neolithic Age to the Current Crisis, New York:
Monthly Review Press, 2006, ISBN 1-58367-121-8