PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING THE THEORY OF PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING THE THEORY OF

SETS SETS

1st example: In a school with 630 students, 350 of them study. 1st example: In a school with 630 students, 350 of them study.
Mathematics, 210 study Physics and 90 of them study both subjects Mathematics, 210 study Physics and 90 of them study both subjects.
(Mathematics and Physics). The question is: (Mathematics and Physics). The question is:

a) How many students study only Mathematics? _________________________ a) How many students study only Mathematics? _________________________

b) How many students study only Physics? _______________________________ b) How many students study only Physics? _______________________________

c) How many students study Mathematics or Physics? _______________________ c) How many students study Mathematics or Physics? _______________________

d) How many students do not study either of the two subjects? __________ d) How many students do not study either of the two subjects? __________

2nd example: One day, the owner of a kitchen restaurant 2nd example: One day, the owner of a restaurant of cuisine
Italian asked 80 of her customers: "Between lasagna, cannelloni and Italian asked 80 of her clients: "Between lasagna, cannelloni and
"pasta, which one(s) do you like?" The result of the survey was: pasta, which one(s) do you like?

35 like lasagna; 35 like lasagna;

- 39 like cannelloni; 39 like cannelloni;

40 like pasta; - 40 like pasta;

15 like lasagna and cannelloni; 15 like lasagna and cannelloni;

13 like lasagna and pasta; 13 like lasagna and pasta;

- 11 like cannelloni and pasta; 11 like cannelloni and pasta;

5 like the three dishes. 5 like the three dishes.

a) Determine how many customers only like: a) Determine how many customers like only:

_______________________________________________________________ lasagna: _______________________________________________________________

canelone cannelloni

macaroni macaroni dish

b) How many customers like only lasagna or only cannelloni b) How many customers like only lasagna or only cannelloni
or both dishes? or of both dishes?

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

c) How many customers do not like either lasagna or cannelloni? c) How many customers do not like either lasagna or cannelloni?

_________________________________________________________________________
 ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES

1. In a survey, it was found that out of the consulted people, 100 read the In a survey, it was found that out of the consulted people, 100 read the
150 read newspaper A, 20 read both newspapers (A and B), and 110 did not read. 150 read newspaper A, 20 read both newspapers (A and B) and 110 did not read.
neither of the two newspapers. How many people were consulted? neither of the two newspapers. How many people were consulted?

A city with 10,000 inhabitants has two football clubs: A and B. A city with 10,000 inhabitants has two football clubs: A and B.
In a survey conducted with its inhabitants, it was found that 1200 In a survey conducted with its inhabitants, it was found that 1200
people do not appreciate either of the two clubs, 1300 appreciate both people do not appreciate either of the two clubs, 1300 appreciate both
clubs and 4500 appreciate club A. clubs and 4500 appreciate club A.

a) How many people only enjoy club A? a) How many people appreciate only club A?

b) How many people enjoy club B? b) How many people enjoy club B?

c) How many appreciate only club B? c) How many appreciate only club B?

3. In a city, three products are consumed: A, B, and C. A survey was carried out. [Link] a city, three products are consumed: A, B, and C. A survey was conducted.
Regarding the consumption of these three products, the result shown in the table was obtained. regarding the consumption of these three products, the result presented in the table was obtained
below: below:
PRODUCTS NUMBER OF CONSUMERS PRODUCTS NUMBER OF CONSUMERS
A 150 A 150
B 200 B 200
C 250 C 250
A and B 70 A and B 70
A and C 90 A and C 90
B and C 80 B and C 80
A, B and C 60 A, B and C 60
NONE OF THE THREE 180 NONE OF THE THREE 180

It is asked: It is asked:

a) How many people consume only product A? a) How many people consume only product A?

b) How many people consume product A or product B or the product b) How many people consume product A or product B or the product
C? C?

c) How many people consume product A or product B? c) How many people consume product A or product B?

d) How many people consume only product C? d) How many people consume only product C?

e) How many people were consulted? e) How many people were consulted?
A literature professor suggested to the students of a class to read A literature professor suggested to the students of a class the reading
from the books Iracema and O Guarani, by José de Alencar (1829-1877). The of the books Iracema and O Guarani, by José de Alencar (1829-1877). The
the professor found that 24 students read Iracema, 18 read O Guarani and 13 The professor found that 24 students read Iracema, 18 read O Guarani, and 13
They read both books. Knowing that 2 students did not read either of them. two students did not read either of the two books.
books, how many students are there in the class? books, how many students are there in the class?

5. Blood types in the ABO system are defined according to the 5. The blood types in the ABO system are defined according to the
presence of antigens A and B in red blood cells. Individuals who have presence of antigens A and B in red blood cells. Individuals who have
only antigen A has type A blood; those who have only the only antigen A have type A blood; those who have only the
B antigens, have type B; those who have both antigens, have type B antigen, have type B; those who have both antigens, have of
type AB; and those who have no antigen at all, are of type O. type AB; and those who do not have any antigen are of type O.
In tests conducted on 100 blood samples, it was identified that In examinations conducted on 100 blood samples, it was identified that the
antigen A in 72 samples, antigen B in 55 and both antigens antigen A in 72 samples, antigen B in 55 and both antigens
in 34. How many samples are of blood type O? In 34. How many samples are of blood type O?

6. In a group of 99 athletes, 40 play volleyball, 20 play volleyball and chess, In a group of 99 athletes, 40 play volleyball, 20 play volleyball and chess,
22 play chess and tennis, 18 play volleyball and tennis, and 11 play all three. 22 play chess and tennis, 18 play volleyball and tennis, and 11 play all three.
modalities. The number of people who play chess is equal to the number modalities. The number of people who play chess is equal to the number
of people who play tennis. of people who play tennis.
a) How many athletes play tennis and do not play volleyball? a) How many athletes play tennis and do not play volleyball?
b) How many play chess or tennis and do not play volleyball? b) How many play chess or tennis and do not play volleyball?
c) How many play volleyball and do not play chess? c) How many play volleyball and do not play chess?
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A literature professor suggested to the students of a class to read A literature professor suggested to the students of a class to read
from the books Iracema and O Guarani, by José de Alencar (1829-1877). The from the books Iracema and O Guarani, by José de Alencar (1829-1877). The
The professor found that 24 students read Iracema, 18 read O Guarani and 13 The professor verified that 24 students read Iracema, 18 read O Guarani and 13
They read both books. Knowing that 2 students did not read either of the two. They read both books. Knowing that 2 students did not read either of the two.
books, how many students are there in the class? books, how many students are there in the class?

5. The blood types in the ABO system are defined according to the 5. The blood types in the ABO system are defined according to
presence of antigens A and B in red blood cells. Individuals who have presence of antigens A and B in the red blood cells. Individuals who have
only antigen A has blood type A; those who have only the only antigen A has blood type A; those who have only the
B antigen, have type B; those who have both antigens, have of B antigen, have type B; those that have both antigens, have
Type AB; and those that do not have any antigen are type O. type AB; and those who do not have any antigens are of type O.
In tests performed on 100 blood samples, it was identified In tests conducted on 100 blood samples, it was identified the
antigen A in 72 samples, antigen B in 55 and both antigens antigen A in 72 samples, antigen B in 55, and both antigens
In 34. How many samples are of type O blood? In 34. How many samples are of blood type O?

In a group of 99 athletes, 40 play volleyball, 20 play volleyball and chess, In a group of 99 athletes, 40 play volleyball, 20 play volleyball and chess,
22 play chess and tennis, 18 play volleyball and tennis, and 11 play all three. 22 play chess and tennis, 18 play volleyball and tennis, and 11 play all three.
modalities. The number of people who play chess is equal to the number modalities. The number of people who play chess is equal to the number
of people who play tennis. of people who play tennis.
a) How many athletes play tennis and do not play volleyball? a) How many athletes play tennis and do not play volleyball?
b) How many play chess or tennis and do not play volleyball? b) How many play chess or tennis and do not play volleyball?
c) How many play volleyball and do not play chess? c) How many play volleyball and do not play chess?
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