Sensor Simulation for Automotive Testing
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ScribdTranslationsSensor Simulation for Automotive Testing
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsSENSOR SIMULATION
Sensors are elements responsible for transforming any unit
measurable electricity and send us exact and precise data to the module of
control.
The simulation of the sensors considered important for operation
the motor can be achieved with the help of electronic components that
they can be found in the market easily.
With the help of a virtual simulator or any electronic application software.
such signals can be obtained, they are called
emulators and they are very helpful for our final goal which is construction
from a test bench to be able to test ECUs or automotive computers.
Before this, it is necessary to understand the functioning of each of the
sensors considered high priority for proper engine operation.
The following are the ones we take into consideration for our
construction.
T
hrottle Position Sensor
M AF Sensor Air Flow Sensor
M AP Sensor Air Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
O xygen Sensor
E CT Sensor Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
C KP Sensor Crankshaft Position Sensors
With the sensors, we can perform certain operations, depending on the type of
used sensor.
For example, with the potentiometer type throttle position sensor.
with which by accelerating or pressing the accelerator pedal, the throttle opens, this
motion is captured by the TPS sending the signal to the ECU.
Sensor simulation using potentiometers
OUTPUT OF ACTUATORS
It would be very complicated to have the own actuators since these
they would involve disassembling them from the car, but to avoid this inconvenience and thanks
with the help of the simulator, an interpretation of an actuator can be carried out with
output components of said software using light emitting diodes or
LEDs, test lamps, relays, etc.
These components are very helpful as they are very marketable and they
they need to carry out the construction of the test bench.
As a demonstrative example, we perform in the simulator what would be the
injectors.
Circuit designed for the simulation of actuators
POWER SUPPLY DESIGN
One of the very stable elements that the testing bench must possess is the
source, as it must supply elements that operate at 12 V and 5 V. For
They used passive elements to protect them from noise and shorts, for the
voltage regulation. Voltage regulators such as the TL 7805 are used.
TL 7812 which are simple and easy to obtain in any electronics store.
Thanks to integrated voltage regulators, it is very easy (and economical) to assemble
a circuit that from the available voltage of a switched source, which is
12V of direct current, obtain 5V of direct current perfectly
regulated.
The power supply will not only serve to power the microcontroller, but it also acts on
the functioning of the components that assist in the simulation of sensors and
actuators
The maximum current delivered by this source is 1 Ampere. However, if not
We use a good heatsink on the TL7805 voltage regulator, only
we can demand a little more than half of the maximum current, since the heat
generated by this component would be excessive. In any case, the TL7805 has
with an internal thermal protection that will turn it off if its temperature
exceed the safety limits.
The output of the transformer is protected by a 470uF/16V capacitor that
helps to eliminate part of the inherent noise of this type of rectifier. The heart of the
the source is the voltage regulator, which has a 0.1uF capacitor.
input and another at its output, as specified in its datasheet.
At the exit of this stage, the regulated 5V can be found.
Another 470uF/16V capacitor is responsible for eliminating any small noise.
what would have remained.
If instead of obtaining 5V at the output of the power supply another voltage is needed,
it is easy to replace the voltage regulator used, for example, a
The TL7812 provides a 12V output of direct current. It is possible to obtain
with ease, regulators of 3V, 5V, 6V, 8V, 9V, 12V, and 15V.
They all have the name 'TL78xx' where 'xx' is the output voltage.
Printing the board design on paper
List of components:
QUANTITY OF COMPONENTS
2 Electronic capacitor 2200 uF 16V
1 Electronic capacitor 100 uF 10V
1 TL7805 voltage regulator in TO-220 package
1 Heat sink for voltage regulator
9 Potentiometers 2K
1 DS PIC 4013 microcontroller
1 Voltage regulator TL 7805
1 Voltage regulator TL 7812
1 Microcontroller DS Pic 4013
1 50 K Potentiometer
1 Diode 1N 4007
1 Zenec diode 1.2 v
1 Electrolytic capacitor of 10μF at 25V
1 electrolytic capacitor of 1000 μF at 25 v
1 electrolytic capacitor of 100 μF at 25 V
12 resistors of 1 KΩ at ¼ watts
10 Resistors of 560Ω at ¼ watts
1 resistor of 470 Ω at ¼ watt
1 Resistor of 10 KΩ at ¼ watts
3 5 K Potentiometers
1 10 K Potentiometer
1 Potentiometer of 25 K
5 NPN Transistors TL3904
14 LEDs various colors
14 Terminal blocks with screw fastening
1 Switch ON OFF
5 m Bipolar speaker cable Number 3
3M heat shrink tape
Soldering Iron
14 Portal LEDs
26 Surface connection terminals