50.

EXCAVATIONS

50.01. DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENTS OF

COMPRESSIBILITY M1ET M2.
50.03. DYNAMIC PENETRATION TEST OF A SOIL A
THE HELP OF THE CRR TYPE DRILLING ROD(version
12/2015
50.06. IN SITU DENSITY BY RING
VOLUMETRIC (version 05/2014)
50.07. COMPACTION RATE (version 04/2013)
50.08. MODULE OF DEFORMATION TO THE PLATE OF
DIAMETER 60 CM.
50.09. DENSITOMETER
50.10. ELASTICITY MODULE
50.11. PANDA TEST
50.01. DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENTS OF
COMPRESSIBILITY M1and M2
Base reference: Operating procedure MF 40/78: Plate loading test for the
Compaction control - Road Research Centre, Brussels.

PURPOSE OF THE TEST

Acquire all the necessary data for the control of the lifting layers
of a roadway.

2. PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD

We measure the vertical settlement under a circular steel plate exerting on

the surface examined a vertical pressure increasing in steps. The result is
represented by a load curve uniting the experimental points (pressure
applied on the abscissa, associated subsidence on the ordinate). From the data
experimental, we can calculate the compressibility coefficients Miaccording to the formula
general

∆p
Mi= D (in MN/m²)
∆s
where:

diameter of the plate, in mm;

∆p = difference in pressure between two loading levels (MN/m²);
∆s = difference in settlements, corresponding to p in
∆ mm

Note: the test is carried out either with one load or with two loads.

3. EQUIPMENT

The equipment consists of:

a) a charging plate with a surface area of 200 cm² (figure 50.01/1);

b) a charging plate with a surface area of 750 cm² (figure 50.01/1);
c) a loading device consisting of a hydraulic cylinder (minimum capacity: 50
kN), from a load column, an extension, and a ball joint between the plate and the
column;
d) a dynamometric ring with a capacity of 15 kN precision at 0.01 (150 N) (plate of
200 cm²) or any other material of equivalent precision;
e) a dynamometric ring with a capacity of 50 kN and a precision of 0.01 (500 N) (plate of
750 cm²) or any other material equivalent in precision;
f) three comparators (accuracy: 1/100 mm; minimum stroke: 10 mm);
a reference frame supporting the comparators;
h) a ballast device;
a stopwatch;
a water level;
k) a square.

4. OPERATING MODE

4.1. Preparing an essay.

4.1.1. Choice of the test location

CME 50 p. 2/28
The examined surface must be flat, homogeneous, and free from any overload.
minimum radius equal to 4 times the diameter of the plate. The places dried out by the action
from the sun, hardened by prolonged action of frost or showing an accumulation of water are
to avoid.

4.1.2. Choice of the charging plate

The 200 cm² surface plate is intended for tests on clay, silt, gravel (caliber
maximum ≤ 40 mm), embankments (maximum size ≤ 40 mm).

The 750 cm² surface plate is intended for tests on sand, gravel (size
maximum ≤ 75 mm), gravel (maximum size ≤ 75 mm), material containing
large elements (maximum caliber ≤ 75 mm).

The thickness of the layer to be examined (aside from the soil masses) must be between:
between 8 and 48 cm in the case of a 200 cm² plate;
between 10 and 90 cm in the case of a 750 cm² plate.

4.1.3. Installation of the equipment

Bring the charging plate in contact with the surface to be examined, if necessary.
with the help of a thin layer of fine sand or plaster that does not exceed the perimeter of the
plate. The comparators arranged at 120° rest directly on the plate, at 6
On its part. The joint and the load column are placed in the vertical axis of the
plate. The supports of the reference structure as well as those of the ballast device are
at least 4 times the diameter of the plate away from the center of the latter (figure
50.01/2). The reference frame must be stable and protected from direct sunlight.

Check before the start of each test:

the horizontal position of the charging plate;
the vertical position of the load column;
the free competition of comparators.

During the test, all traffic near the test site must be avoided.

4.2. Conducting the test.

4.2.1. Precharge

Apply a preload of 0.02 MN/m². Take the readings of the comparators, each
minute, until stabilization of the plate's subsidence (criterion: increase in
lectures performed on each of the comparators less than 0.02 mm per minute). The
The average of the last readings is the relative zero of the vertical settlement of the plate.

4.2.2. Charging

[Link]. First loading cycle

Raise the pressure to 0.05 MN/m². Take the readings from the gauges every minute.
until stabilization (increments < 0.02 mm per minute on each of the
comparators).

Apply the following levels, namely:

a) for a foundation soil and backfill: levels of 0.05 MN/m² up to the pressure
maximum of 0.35 MN/m²;

CME 50 p. 3/28
b) for a sub-foundation: levels of 0.10 MN/m² up to the maximum pressure of
0.55 MN/m²;
c) for a foundation: levels of 0.10 MN/m² up to the maximum pressure of
0.55 MN/m².

Read the three comparators every minute, until stabilization

(increments < 0.02 mm per minute). At each pressure level, check and
maintain the pressure with a tolerance of ± 1 % of the ring capacity
dynamometric.

[Link]. Second loading cycle

In case a second charging cycle is requested, particularly for the purpose

to assess the degree of compactness of the materials as well as the quality of the implementation,
we proceed as follows:

Discharge for 60 seconds, at least down to a pressure of 0.02 MN/m². After

the stabilization of the comparators (increments < 0.02 mm per minute), perform the
lecture; the average of these readings is the zero relative to the second cycle of
loading.
Perform the second charging cycle in the same way as the first cycle.

4.2.3. Validity of Charging

The test is canceled and the equipment is reinstalled in another location that meets the requirements.
prescriptions of § 4.1.1. when one of the comparators deviates by more than 0.5 mm (plate
of 200 cm²) or 0.9 mm (plate of 750 cm²) of the average of the readings made, at
same pressure level, to the three comparators.

5. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

5.1. Compressibility coefficients M1(first charging cycle).

Associate with each applied pressure p (MN/m²) the vertical settlement s (=

average of the 3 readings recorded on the three comparators after stabilization, expressed in
mm, to the second decimal place). Include all pairs of values as follows
obtained from a chart figure 50.01/3 - 50.01/4a or 4b):

•pressure p on the x-axis (scale: 0.1 MN/m² of pressure is represented by 2 cm on the

graph
settlements in the vertical axis (scale: 1 mm of settlement is represented by 2 cm on the
graph.

Gather the experimental points in order to obtain the load curve related to the first cycle.
loading.

Calculate the compressibility coefficient M1related to the first loading cycle, in

applying the following formulas:

159.6 Δp
M1= (plate 200cm2 )
∆s

or again:

309,1.∆p 2
M1= (750cm plaque)
∆s

CME 50 p. 4/28
where:

∆s is the difference in vertical settlements (s = average of the 3 readings taken at

three comparators after stabilization, expressed in mm, to the second decimal place
recorded at the first loading cycle and related to the pressure levels:

a) 0.15 MN/m² and 0.05 MN/m² for a soil and for a fill
0.25 MN/m² and 0.15 MN/m² for a sub-foundation
c) 0.35 MN/m² and 0.25 MN/m² for a foundation

The compressibility coefficient M1is expressed in MN/m² to within 0.01 MN/m².

5.2. Compressibility Coefficient M2(2nd charging cycle).

The compressibility coefficient M2related to the possible second charging cycle

calculate according to the formulas and with the thresholds given above (§ 5.1), ∆s related to the
second charging cycle.

CME 50 p. 5/28
 25 AA cups 25
4 ±0 +0
+0 1 1
Ø30 ±0.1 1 Ø159.8 ±0.1

Ø159.6 ±0.1 Ø309.1 ±0.1

views in plan

A A A A

Panel of 200cm²

750cm² plaque

AA coupe 200cm2

750 cm2

view in plan

A A

edges in mm.

Loading plate diagram

Fig. 50.01/1

CME 50 p. 6/28
 View in plan

ballast truck

supports of the reference structure

reference building

charging plate
3D 3D (of diameter D)

sampling area

surface free of any overload

Plate loading test situation

Fig. 50.01/2

CME 50 p. 7/28
 ∆p
Contact pressure p in MN/m2

0 0, 0 2 0, 1 0, 2 0, 3 0, 4 0, 5 0, 6
∆s

1 2
D

1; first loading phase

D; unloading
Settlements in mm.
2; second charging cycle

LOAD DIAGRAM -
CASE OF A FILL

Fig. 50.01/3

CME 50 p. 8/28
 PLATE TEST - 200cm²

Pressure in MN/m2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

1.0 D

2.0

C
3.0

4.0

5.0 A B

Rights MN/m² / mm M1
0A 0.069 11
0B 0.107 17
0C 0.219 35
0D 0.689 110

Fig. 50.01/4a

CME 50 p. 9/28
 PLATE TEST - 750cm²

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

1.0

D
2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0 A B C

Lines MN/m 2 /mm- M1

0A 0.036 11
0B 0.055 17
0C 0.113 35
0D 0.356 110

Fig. 50.01.4b

CME 50 p. 10/28
50.03. DYNAMIC PENETRATION TEST OF A SOIL A
THE HELP OF THE DRILLING PROBE - TYPE CRR
(version 12/2015)

Basic references:
Rapid assessment of soil bearing capacity using a lightweight driving probe type
CRR, CRR, Brussels, 1978.
NBN EN ISO 22476-2: Geotechnical investigation and testing: In-situ tests.
Part 2, dynamic penetration test (ISO 22476-2:2005)

PURPOSE OF THE TEST

The lightweight harvesting probe allows for a qualitative assessment of lift or of

compactness of fine soils not containing stones (ranging from lean clay to soil)
fine sandy.

2. PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD

The test is carried out in accordance with the light dynamic penetrometer test (DPL)
described in the standard NBN EN ISO 22476-2, with the exception of the shape and dimensions
from the penetration point that meets the description of point 3 (equipment) here-
after. The principle of the test, the equipment, the operating procedure, and the content of
Test reports are as described in the standard NBN EN ISO 22476-2.

3. EQUIPMENT(See NBN EN ISO 22476-2)

Cylindrical penetration tip with the following characteristics

L D A

Used point (limit

New point
of downgrading)
Nominal base area (A) 5 cm²
Nominal angle at the top (α) 60 ± 1 °
Height of the tip (H) 21.8 ± 0.1 mm 22.2 mm
Diameter at the base (D) 25.2 ± 0.3 mm 24.0 mm
Length of the base (L) 25.2 ± 1 mm ---

CME 50 p. 11/28
50.06. IN SITU DENSITY BY RING
VOLUMETRIC (version 05/2014)
Basic references:
NF P94-053(1991): Soils: Reconnaissance and tests – Determination of mass
volumetric of fine soils in the laboratory
CEN/TS 17892-1(2004): Geotechnical reconnaissance and testing – Soil tests at
laboratory - part 1: Determination of water content

PURPOSE OF THE TEST

Determine the density of a soil sample.

• Unmodified sampled on site (in-situ soil or backfill or freshly mixed soil-cement)
compressed) ;
Prepared in a laboratory according to a defined process.

2. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

2.1 Laboratory sample

Sample intended for laboratory testing

2.2 Sub-sample

Sample obtained by reducing a laboratory sample

2.3 Test Taking

Sample used in its entirety for a single test.

2.4 Constant mass

Mass obtained after drying, at the end of successive weighings spaced at least 1 hour apart
of the interval, when the last weighing does not differ by more than 0.1% from the previous one.

NOTE: Often the constant mass can be achieved after drying the test sample in a
oven set at (110 ± 5)°C for a predetermined period of time. Testing laboratories
can determine the time required to reach the constant mass depending on the type and the
sample size and depending on the drying capacity of the oven used.

2.5 Bulk density of soil ρ

The ratio of the mass of the soil to the volume V it occupies (including fluids)

ρ=

2.6 Dry bulk density of soil ρ

Function of the density ρ and the soil moisture content

ρ d=ρ.

CME 50 p. 12/28
3. PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD

The density of a soil is determined by weighing a sample of known volume.

taken using a volumetric ring.

The dry bulk density can be calculated from the apparent bulk density.
and the water content.

Limits of the method:

This method is not suitable for gravelly or stony soils or
no embankments, nor for soils stabilized with cement or lime that have set.
This method is not suitable for soils at their critical compaction.

4. EQUIPMENT AND PRODUCTS

4.1 Equipment for the cutting kit method (ring

volumetric

Compliant with § 5.1 and controlled according to §9 of the NF P94-053 standard

4.2 Equipment for determining water content

Conforming to the CEN/TS17892-1 standard.

5. OPERATING PROCEDURE

5.1. Sampling
The test can be carried out:
On an unaltered sample taken by the sinking of a corer in accordance with
in §6 of the standard NBN EN ISO 22475-1;
On a soil block taken in accordance with the NBN EN ISO 22475-1 standard;
On a sample prepared by laboratory compaction according to a methodology
normalized
Directly on the ground in situ (in place).

The dimensions of the initial sample must allow for the preparation of
the subsequent test taken in accordance with the conditions of the NF P94-053 standard.

The handling, transport, and storage of samples will be carried out in compliance with
requirements of §11 of the NBN EN ISO 22475-1. Special attention will be given to
the preservation of their unaltered character.

5.2. Preparation for the test taking

The test sample is prepared in accordance with §6.1.1 of the NF P94-053 standard.

5.3. Determination of the bulk density of soil

The bulk density of the soil is determined in accordance with §6.1.2 of the NF P94 standard.
053.

CME 50 p. 13/28
5.4. Determination of the dry bulk density of the soil

If the dry bulk density of the soil is sought, the moisture content of the sample taken
is determined according to the CEN/TS17892-1 standard.
The dry bulk density of the soil is then obtained by calculation using the formula defined at
point 2.6 above.

5.5. Determination of other characteristics

The test sample thus constituted can be used to determine other characteristics.
such as compressibility or permeability in the oedometer for example.

6. CALCULATION AND EXPRESSION OF RESULTS

6.1. Density of the soil ρ.

The bulk density of the soil is calculated using the formula:

ρ=
Where
m is the mass of the test sample (in g)
V is the volume of the volumetric ring (in cm³).

It is expressed in g/cm³ (or kg/m³), rounded to 2 decimal places.

6.2. Dry bulk density of the soil ρd

The dry bulk density of soil is calculated using the formula

ρ d=ρ.
Where
• ρ is the bulk density of the soil (in g/cm³ or in kg/m³)
What is the soil moisture content (in %)?

It is expressed in g/cm³ (or kg/m³), rounded to 2 decimal places.

7. TEST REPORT

The information defined in §8 of the NF P94-053 standard must be recorded in the

test report:

BIBLIOGRAPHY
NF P94-053 1991 Suns: Reconnaissance and tests – Determination of the
bulk density of fine soils in the laboratory
NBN EN 1997-2 2007 Eurocode 7 – Geotechnical design – Part 2:
Reconnaissance of land and soils
NBN EN ISO 22475-1 2007 Reconnaissance and geotechnical testing - Methods of
piezometric measurements and sampling - Part 1:
Technical principles of the works

CME 50 p. 14/28
50.06. COMPACTION RATE (version 04/2013)
basic references:
•NF P94-093: Soils: reconnaissance and tests: determination of references
Compaction of a material: standard Proctor test. Modified Proctor test.
CME 50.06: In situ density by volumetric ring
CME 52.03: In situ density of a foundation made of unbound materials
more compacted (sand bottle method)

PURPOSE OF THE TRIAL

Compare the result of in situ compaction to the conventional compaction carried out in
laboratory on the same material.

2. PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD

We determine on the material the maximum value of its dry bulk density obtained.
by conventional compaction in the laboratory at different water contents. The procedure
Compaction for the determination of the normal or modified Proctor optimum is described.
in the NF P94-093.

We obtain the value of the dry bulk density of the same material placed in situ.
by one of the methods for determining the in situ dry bulk density: method
of the volumetric ring (CME 50.06), sand bottle method (CME 52.03), or
equivalent method.

The compaction rate is determined as the ratio of the bulk density in

situated to that obtained by conventional compaction in the laboratory.

3. EXPRESSION OF THE RESULT

Let MVSin placethe density of in situ compacted material, expressed in kg/m³. Let it be
MVSOPNor MVSOPMthe density corresponding to the normal Proctor optimum or to
the modified proctor optimum, obtained in the laboratory and expressed in kg/m³.

The compaction rate is given by the expression:

MVSin place
Taux compactage(%) .100
MVSOP (N or M )

4. TEST REPORT

The test report states:

the method for determining in situ density and the value of MVSin place
expressed in kg/m³;
the conventional laboratory compaction method and the value of the MVSOPNor
MVSOPMexpressed in kg/m³;
the compaction rate expressed in %;
the proportion of elements greater than 20 mm.

CME 50 p. 15/28
50.07. DEFORMATION MODULE AT THE PLATE OF
DIAMETER OF 60 CM
Basic reference: OPERATING PROCEDURE OF L.C.P.C. – "PLATE TEST" - DUNOD
PARIS 1973.

1. DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF THE ESSAY

The test consists of measuring, using a device defined in point 3, the displacement.
vertical from the surface of the ground located directly below the center of gravity of a plate
Rigidly loaded. This displacement is called deflection (W).

The characteristics of the plate (shape, dimensions, rigidity) as well as the values of
charges that are applied to it are indicated at points 3 and 4.

This essay is intended for measuring the deformation of earthwork platforms

made up of materials whose largest elements do not exceed 200 mm.

2. PRINCIPLE OF THE ESSAY

At each chosen point of the platform to be controlled:

we measure the deflections of the point in question during two loading cycles and
from a defined initial reference position at point 4.
We calculate, knowing the loads transmitted by the plate and the deflections.
corresponding, the modules and the coefficient defined in point 5.

3. EQUIPMENT

3.1 Specific equipment.

Charging device for the plate

This device (figure 50.08/1a,b) includes:

a reaction mass, made up of a 'stable' vehicle allowing for loading

of 7,000 daN (≈7 tons) on the plate. The support points of this mass on the ground
must be located at a distance greater than 2 meters from the point where the measurement is taken;
a hydraulic charging device consisting of a 'motor-pump' group
activating a cylinder. This device must allow for the execution of loading cycles.
as defined in point 4;
a plate with a diameter of 600 mm. The dimensions, shape, and material of this plate.
must comply with those indicated by figure 50.08/2. A spherical joint
must be provided between the plate and the control rod of the cylinder.

CME 50 p. 16/28
 SET OF EQUIPMENT
Fig. 50.08/1a

TEST PLATE IN POSITION

Fig. 50.08/1b

CME 50 p. 17/28
Measuring devices

The knowledge of the load-deflection curve providing additional information

often essential for the interpretation of numerical results, the measurement device
must allow the recording of this curve.

Deflection measurement device (figure 50.08/3a)

It consists of a Benkelman beam equipped with a displacement sensor (type

potentiometric comparator) with a 10 mm stroke. This sensor is connected to a
current type XY recorder and controls the movement of the recorder's stylus
depending on the soil deflection. Such a sensor also allows for visual monitoring of
the deflection read directly on the graduated dial in 1/100 mm the given indicator
through the needle.

The end of the Benkelman beam arm rests on a sliding rod at

the inside of the plate (figure 50.08/3b). A precise guidance of the pin in the plate must
to be insured.

Load measuring device:

It consists, on one hand, of a load cell with gauges 0 - 10,000 daN connected to the XY recorder which
commands the movement of the stylus based on the applied load and, on the other hand,
a manometer inserted into the hydraulic circuit (or possibly a ring
dynamometric on the rod of the cylinder) which allows for visual control of the load
applied to the plate in order to comply, in particular, with the ascent speeds
charges defined in chapter 4.

3.2. Commonly used equipment.

Self-propelled covered vehicle, payload ≈ 800 kg;

Steel ruler, meter and tape measure;
Chronometer;
•Aluminum sheet tunnel intended for the protection of the Benkelman beam (sun,
rain or wind)
Chalk, brushes, and paint;
Sand and plaster containers, water can;
Shovel, pickaxe, trowel, spatula, soft bristle brush;
Hermetic boxes for sample collection.

4. OPERATING MODE

4.1. Preparation of the test.

Once the location of the measurement point is chosen, it is necessary to operate as indicated below.
after

Using a steel ruler, clear the area of the plate of all the
fluffy material; finish with a soft brush;
regularize the prepared surface by spreading a layer as thin as
possible from clean sand 0/1 mm slightly moist;
execute at the center of the interposing layer, using a spatula, a small
circular cuvette of 2 cm radius, whose role is to allow the quill of
the measure rests well on the ground and not on the interposing layer.

If there is a concern that the material will flow under the gauge during load application,
thus provoking a false reading of the deflection, we stiffen the surface of the bowl

CME 50 p. 18/28
by depositing, with a spatula, a thin layer of plaster. One must wait for the setting of
this one before continuing the trial (5min). This precaution can also be
considered for materials containing a low proportion of 0/5 mm elements. In
in this case, the pigeon could indeed, during the load, slide from the element on which it
rest and fall into a void

•then perfect the installation of the plate on the ground by subjecting it to two or
three alternative rotations of about 30°;
After placing the plate, install the Benkelman beam, ensuring that
its points of support on the ground are located at a distance of at least 2.5 m from those
of the reaction mass. Install, if necessary, the beam protection tunnel
Benkelman;
Then place the electronic scale between the support face of the cylinder and the plate.
•make the electrical connections between the sensor, the electronic scale and
the recorderXY;
finish installing the plate by applying it for about ten
seconds, a load of 850 daN corresponding to an average pressure under the
0.3 bar plate. Release this load and bring the stylus of the XY recorder to
point 0 of the coordinate system;
Position the test sheet on the recorder's table.

We then find ourselves in the conditions of the initial reference position.

4.2. Execution of the test.

The provisions regarding the initial reference position having been established:

A first operator activates the loading device of the plate.

to obtain the loading and unloading cycles defined below;
A second operator ensures the proper conduct of the curve recording.
charge-deformations.

The trial is then conducted as follows:

Primary loading cycle

Load the plate at a speed of approximately 80 daN/s until achieving an average pressure
under the plate of 2.5 bars, which corresponds to a total load of 7,065 daN. When
this pressure is reached, wait for the stabilization of the deflection.

It is considered that stabilization is achieved when the variations in deflection are

less than 0.02 mm/min.

Then remove the load from under the plate in about 2 to 3 seconds.

Second charging cycle

In the same way as for the first cycle, load the plate at a speed of 80.
daN/s until achieving an average pressure under the plate of 2 bars, which corresponds to
at a total load of 5,650 daN.

When the stabilization of the deflection is achieved, the test itself is finished:
carry out unloading maneuvers, lifting the plate, storing the
material and proceed to the next measurement point.

Then measure on the test sheet (e.g., figure 50.08/4) the values of the deflections.
obtained after stabilization, namely:

CME 50 p. 19/28
W1mm, deflection following the first loading;
W2mm, deflection following the second loading.

Precautions to take

During the waiting for stabilization, keep the load under the plate as constant as possible.
how possible

The operator responsible for carrying out the loading cycles must note at the end of each
cycle, the values of the applied load and the corresponding deflection indicated
by the manometer or the torque ring and the potentiometric comparator;
this precaution allows to control the proper functioning of the measuring chain;
If, by maneuver incident, the value of the load applied for one or the other of the
two charging cycles is slightly higher than previously indicated,
maintain this value but the corresponding module value must be recalculated
according to the general formula indicated in point 5;
• also note on the test sheet any detail or incident that could influence the
numeric or graphical results, such as: downpour during the test, transition of a
heavy machinery near the test point, wind, sun, etc. In particular, note the weather
of the deflection stabilization if it is greater than two minutes;
At the end of the test, it is recommended in the case of water-sensitive soils to take samples.
about 1,500 g of material at the test point, in order to determine its moisture content and
potentially the Atterberg limits, in view of the interpretation of the results
digital.

NOTE:

If for some reason the XY recorder is not available, the point plot by
a point of the load-deformation curve can still be achieved. In this case, the
the first operator indicates the load (every 1,000 daN for example) and the second reads on
the potentiometric comparator the corresponding deflection.

5. EXPRESSION OF RESULTS

From the measured results on the test sheet, we calculate the modules of
deformation related to each of the two loading cycles according to the general formula
giving the total deflection at the surface of an indefinite, homogeneous, and elastic mass
subjected to a load on a rigid circular plate:

W=
15
.Qa
.
Ev
(1−σ )
2

where:

W: deflection of the mass at the center of the plate, in mm,

Ev plate deformation module,
Average pressure under the plate, in bars,
a: radius of the plate, in mm,
σ: Poisson's ratio considered equal to 0.25.

Given the values of the average pressure retained, the diameter of the plate and
by assimilating the expression (1 – σ2) to 1, the deformation modules at the first and at the
The second load is calculated according to the formulas below:

CME 50 p. 20/28
 1125 900
E v1 = andv2 =
W1 W2

E v2
We then calculate the ratioK= to within 0.01.
E v1

6. TEST REPORT

The test report mentions among others:

the location of the test;

the nature of the test surface;
the reorganization and/or the eventual stabilization of the test surface or the location
deflection measurement;
the loading curves;
the values of deformation modules and the ratio of these modules;
any other provision made regarding the operating method or the equipment.

7. COMMENTS AND APPENDIX

Each paragraph of this point refers to the paragraph with the same number in
the previous points.

50.08 – § 1. Definition and purpose of the test

The measurement of the deformability of a mass of soil is an important element to assess

the possibilities for implementation and compaction of the upper layers. This
deformability must be compatible with the deformations that the material can withstand
that we wish to implement above without it risking disassembling
by shear. Consequently, the control of the deformability of a platform of
Earthmoving is recommended whenever we are required to implement a
a slightly deformable material on a material that can be much more so: this is the case
notably during the construction of a sub-base or a foundation layer.

50.08 - § 3.1. Specific equipment

The construction of a device that meets the required conditions

The essay can be undertaken by drawing inspiration from the following principles. For all
for additional information, contact the Central Laboratory of Bridges and
Chaussées, Paris.

Charging device for the plate

The reaction mass can be made up of a construction truck (2 driven axles)

of a common type capable of supporting a total useful load of 15 to 20 tons. This
the vehicle must be weighted in such a way as to have a reaction of at least 8 tons to a
a distance greater than 2 meters from the rear axles. To do this, it may be necessary
to plan a restriction of the rear suspension and to support the front of the vehicle at
means of jacks or lifts, for example.
The charging device for the plate can be realized by drawing inspiration from the diagram.
hydraulic represented in figure 50.08/5.

Measuring device

The Benkelman deflectometer is marketed; its adaptation for testing at the

The plaque, however, requires the construction of a special nozzle diagrammed in figure 50.08/3a.

CME 50 p. 21/28
The elements of the electronic measurement chain: load cell, comparator
potentiometric, XY recorder are widely marketed instruments.

The electrical power source required for the implementation of the electronic measurement chain
may simply be constituted by the truck's battery or by a small group
auxiliary generator of 0.5 kVA.

The dial of the pressure gauge or the comparator of the torque ring
can be advantageously graduated directly in force applied to the plate and
contain markers to control the speed of loading the plate.

50.08 - § 4. Execution of the test

The test described in this procedure allows for the achievement, with two agents, of 20 to 30
measures per day.

Ø45

5 Ø250
12ribsat30°-Ep1.0-
10 Ø120
Ø26H7
Ø90 3

Tnp
ih-sairt
technicallydimensioned
Onath lepaltes
20 145
190
90

30

D
15

3
Ø600

A A
A - A e p u oC Palnveiw

600 mm diameter plaque

Fig. 50.08/2

CME 50 p. 22/28
 Measurecombined
guidebush
Tigeduvérin
Pigedemesure

Facedwiththechallenge
Ø50

Pesonélectronique 10

51
PlateØ600
41

Ø26H79.6
Ballsocket

Flaredend
lapoutreBENKELMAN
Ø12h7

DEVICE FOR MEASURING DEFLECTIONS STAINLESS STEEL MEASURING PIGE

Fig. 50.08/3a Fig. 50.08/3b

CME 50 p. 23/28
50.08 - § 4.2 Example of a standard test sheet

Measurementofthedeformabilityofaplatformbyplatetesting

Laboratoryof: Trialno:

Folder : Natureofthematerial: GL P.k. No. 7 Profile No. 112

Testconductedat:10mdownstreamof
Construction: site Watercontentundertheplate(1): 10% profile112
Date : WatercontentO.P.N.(1):
Operators: Atterberglimits(1):WL= lp =
Recommendedvalues: It1 >
K< 4m
She2 >

1125 CONCLUSIONS:
W1= 2.5 She1 = 450bars
W1
She2
K= =2
It1
900
W2 1.0 She2= =900bars
W2

Eventually

W1

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0 1 2 3
Deflectionsinmm

W2

Example of test sheet

CME 50 p. 24/28
 M A
Ate
l rnator0.5kVA

n
ecItro
am
l boun
isetnn
ge
i

Variable flow pump 0 < Q < 16 l/min

Maximum pressure 200 bars

Tank

Conrtovlavle

Depressoinm
il e
tiro
frnie
trnaclonrtol
Adjustment from 5 to 250 bars. Nominal flow rate 80 l/min.

Pressure gauge 0 to 200 bars

Precision +/- 1%

A B
Flow limiters:
man.
Discharge circuit mounting
Bmontésur discharge circuit

Maxm
i umfolwrae
t 163
.m
/l ni
mni0i0
.82m
/l ni

Doube
l efectdsitrb
iutor*
Nomnia
olflwrae
t20m
/l nimanuaclonro
tl Double effect

The prn
i cp
ie
l ofd' oube
l efect'si onyl used for the recoliof the psitonn
i thetr'ansport'poso
tin.
Forunoladnigh
tepale
tsithi,ewegiho
th
tferu
tckh
tae
tnsuresh
tereversehydrau
[Link]

SCHEMA OF THE HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT ENSURING THE CHARGING

Fig. 50.08/5

CME 50 p. 25/28
50.08. DENSITOMETER

CME 50 p. 26/28
50.10. MODULE OF ELASTICITY

CME 50 p. 27/28
50.11. PANDA TEST

CME 50 p. 28/28