D”P gva¨wgK ● Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ (cÖ_g cÎ) ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
wØZxq Aa¨vq : nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)
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cªwZ‡iva Kivi j‡¶¨ ingZ cyi GjvKvi K‡qKRb kvwšÍ msN ev wnjdyj dyRyj gnvbex (mvt) Gi †bZ…‡Z¡
hyeK Cgvb †PŠayixi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU mwgwZ M‡o †Zv‡jb kvwšÍ wcªq mggbv KwZcq hyeK KZ©…K cªwZwôZ nq|
Zv‡`i G D‡`¨vM mdj nq| nvieyj dy¾vi dy¾v‡ii hy‡×i exfrmZv I mwnsmZv
K. KZ mv‡j g°v weRq n‡qwQj? †`‡L gynv¤§` mvjøvû AvËšÍ e¨w_Z nb| wZwb mgv‡R
L. evBZyj gvj wK? e¨vL¨v Ki? kvwšÍ-k…•Ljv ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ 595 wLª÷v‡ã KwZcq
M. DÏxc‡Ki mwgwZ cªvPxb Avi‡ei †Kvb msMVb kvwšÍwcªq mggbv hyeK I wcZ…e¨ Ryev‡qi †K wb‡q MVb
†K wb‡`©k K‡i?e¨vL¨v Ki| K‡i wnjdyj dyRyj ev kvwšÍ msN| g~j D‡Ïk¨ wQj-
N. D³ mwgwZi Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b gnvbex (mv.) 1. †`‡k kvwšÍ k…•Ljv cªwZôv Kiv,
Gi K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki| 2. wewfbœ †Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ m¤¢e ¯’vcb I i³¶qx hy×
1 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi eÜ Kiv,
K. 630 mv‡j g°v weRq n‡qwQj| 3. AZ¨vPvwiZ‡K AZ¨vPv‡ii nvZ †_‡K i¶v Kiv,
L. Bmjvgx iv‡óªi miKvwi †KvlvMv‡i evqZyjgvj ejv nq 4. `ye©j Amnvq I GwZg‡`i mvnvh¨ Kiv,
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi mgy`q A_© evqZyj gv‡j Rgv Kiv n‡Zv 5. we‡`kx ewYK‡`i Rvb I gv‡ji wbivcËv weavb
ax‡i ax‡i Bmjvg I mv‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ evqZyjgv‡ji Kiv Ges
ùxwZ N‡U| d‡j evqZyjgvj GKwU RvZxq cªwZôv‡b 6. mKj cªKvi Ab¨vq AwePvi Aemv‡bi †Póv
cwiYZ nq g~jZ Ae¯’v cwiPvjbv Ges Mixe Kiv|
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kvwšÍ msN bvgK msMVb‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| msi¶‡Y cªf~Z kw³ mÂvi K‡iwQj Ges G cªwZôv‡b
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wewfbœ DcRvwZ I †jv‡Ki mgvMg NUZ| †gjvq Ryqv k…•Ljv jsNb `gb Ges mnvqnxb I‡`i cªwZ Ab¨v‡qi
†Ljv †Nvo‡`Šuo I Kve¨ cªwZ‡hvwMZv †K †K›`ª K‡i cªwZKvi weav‡b h‡_ó wQj|"
KyivBk †Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ i³¶qx msMªvg msNwUZ nq cvuP wW‡Rej cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h D³ mwgwZ A_©vr
eQi ¯’vqx Avi‡ei BwZnv‡m nvieyj dy¾vi ev Ab¨vq wnjdyj dyRyj bvgK mwgwZi Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b gnvbex
mgi bv‡g cwiwPZ| cweÎ G gv‡mi i³¶qx hy× Avi¤¢ nhiZ gynv¤§` K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^v¶i ivL‡Z mg_© nb|
nq e‡j G‡K AcweÎ hy× ejv nq| nhiZ †gvnv¤§`
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e‡jb Avwg Avgvi wcZ…e¨MY‡K kÎyc‡¶i Zxi n‡Z Zv‡`i K…wlKv‡Ri Rb¨ `wi`ª †`k †_‡K Awkw¶Z
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n‡Z msMªn K‡i Ky‡ik‡`i nv‡Z †cŠu‡Q w`‡Zb| ˆecøweK cwieZ©b Av‡b| Z‡e Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv
A‡nZyK G Ab¨vq hy‡×i wefxwlKv ZvÛe jxjv nhiZ e¨w³¯^vaxbZv wQj bv| eis Zv‡`i Ici wbh©vZb Kiv
gynv¤§` mvjøvjøvû ü`‡q Mfxi †iLvcvZ K‡i| n‡Zv| Zviv Zv‡`i cªf~i K_v †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡Zv|gZ
gvbeZvi G Acgvb wZwb mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i hy× cªKv‡ki AwaKvi bv _vKvq GK mgq Zviv `yB w`‡K
e‡Üi Rb¨ Kwbô wcËxe¨ Ryev‡qi I Ab¨vb¨ K‡qKRb wef³ n‡q M…nhy‡× Rwo‡q c‡o| G M…nhy‡×i nvZ
Drmvnx hyeK‡K wb‡q GKwU kvwšÍ KwgwU MVb K‡ib †_‡K †`k‡K i¶vi Rb¨ Ôx' †`‡ki miKvi msweavb
G KwgwUi AšÍM©Z dRj dvwRj dvhv‡qj I cªYqb K‡i `vm‡`i ¯^vaxbZv cª`vb K‡i| G
†gvdv‡¾‡ji bvg Abymv‡i GwU wnjdyj dyRyj bv‡g c`‡¶‡ci d‡j †`‡k kvwšÍ cªwZwôZ nq|
BwZnv‡m cªwm× ZvB ejv hvq DÏxc‡K hyekªx KZ©…K K. û`vqweqvi mwÜ KZ mv‡j ¯^¶wiZ nq?
cªwZwôZ mwgwZi mv‡_ gnvbex (mvt)- Gi cªwZôv L. AvBqv‡g Rv‡nwjqv ej‡Z Kx †evS? e¨vL¨v Ki|
wnjdyj dyRyj Gi mv‡_ mv`…k¨c~Y©|
M. DÏxc‡K Bmjvg-c~e© Avi‡ei †Kvb w`KwU dy‡U N. DÏxc‡K `vm e¨e¯’vi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| `vm
D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| `vmx‡`i Ici wbg©g wbh©vZ‡bi d‡j `vm I gwbe‡`i
N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨e¯’v wejywßi †¶‡Î M…nxZ gv‡S M…nhy× †j‡M hvq| G M…nhy× e‡Üi j‡¶¨ 'x'
c`‡¶c wQj Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡mi AYyiƒc- †`‡ki ci¯úi msweavb cªYqb K‡i `vm‡`i ¯^vaxbZv
we‡kølY Ki| cª`vb K‡i| Gfv‡e `vm e¨e¯’vi wejywß N‡U|
2 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m I `vm e¨e¯’v wejywßi Rb¨ Abyiƒc
K. û`vqweqvi mwÜ 628 mv‡j †gvZvKeK 6ô wnRwi‡Z c`‡¶c MªnY j¶¨ Kiv hvq| ivm~j (mv.) me© cª_g
¯^v¶wiZ nq| †gwij †Mvmj MV‡bi gva¨‡g `ye©j‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi
L. AvBqv‡g Rv‡nwjqv ej‡Z AÜKvi hyM‡K †evSv‡bv c`‡¶c MªnY K‡ib| G‡Z `vm-`vmxiv DcK…Z nq|
n‡q‡Q| Avie f~wg‡Z BwZnv‡mi GK µvwšÍKvj wZwb wnRiZ K‡i gw`bv mb` cªYqb K‡ib| G‡ZI
AwZµg KiwQj| Bmjvg- c~e© hy‡M kZvãxKvj mgMª `ye©j I Amnvq †K me©Îfv‡e mvnvh¨ Kivi I i¶v
Avie GjvKv Acms¯‹…wZ, AÁZv, ee©iZv, nZ¨v, Lyb, Kivi A½xKvi Kiv nq| Gici ivm~j (mv.) g°v
ivnvRvwb, AZ¨vRvi- AbvPvi, hyjy‡gi wZwgi weR‡qi ci we`vq n‡Ri fvl‡Y `vm-`vmx‡`i
Agvwbkvq Av”Qbœ n‡qwQj| HwZnvwmK †Lv`veL‡mi AwaKvi mycªwZwôZ K‡ib| we`vq n‡Ri HwZnvwmK
g‡Z, Òg`, Ryqv I bvix- G wZbwU wQj Rv‡nwj hy‡M fvl‡Y wZwb †NvlYv K‡ib, †Zvgiv `vm-`vmx‡`i cªwZ
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Zv‡`i Rxeb KíbvI Kiv †hZ bv| BwZnv‡m G †Zvgiv hv LvI, †m e¯¿ cwiavb Ki, Zv‡`i‡K I
mgq‡K AÁZv ev AvBqv‡g Rv‡nwjqv bv‡g AL¨vwqZ Lv`¨`vb I e¯¿ cwiavb Aby‡iva Ki‡Z w`‡e| Zviv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Aciva Ki‡j ¶gv Ki‡e ev gyw³ w`‡e| ¯§iY ivL‡e
M. DÏxc‡K Bmjvg-c~e© Avi‡ei `vm`vmx‡`i KiæY ZvivI Avjøvni m…wó Ges †Zvgv‡`i gZ gvbyl| GQvov
wPÎdy‡U D‡V‡Q| Bmjvg-c~e© Avi‡e `vm`vmxi cªPjb ivmyj (mv.) Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ weav‡b `vm `vmx‡`i gy³
wQj| `vm`vmxiv nvU- evRv‡i Ab¨vb¨ c‡Y¨i b¨vq Kivi kZ©v‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| hv‡Z `ªæZ gy³ n‡Z cv‡i|
†ePv‡Kbv n‡Zv| `vm`vmx‡`i h‡š¿i g‡Zv KvR Ki‡Z fv‡jv Bmjvg `vm e¨e¯’vi we‡jvw³ mva‡bi Kvh©Ki
n‡Zv| Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv e¨w³¯^vaxbZv wQj bv| Zv‡`i c`‡¶c MªnY K‡i| myZivs ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki `vm
Avkv- AvKvO&¶v, `ytL- myL cªKvk Kivi my‡hvM wQj e¨e¯’v weiwZi Rb¨ M…nxZ c`‡¶c wQj Bmjv‡gi
bv| Zv‡`i Rxeb ïay `yt‡L fiv wQj|gvwj‡Ki BwZnv‡mi Abyiƒc| GB e³e¨wU m¤úbœ h_v_© I
Av‡`k- wb‡la †g‡b PjvB wQj Zv‡`i GKgvÎ ev¯Íem¤§Z|
KvR|ejv hvq, Zv‡`i Rxebg…Zy¨i gvwjK wQj Zv‡`i
gwbeiv| A_©vr, Zv‡`i †eu‡P _vKv wbf©i KiZ gwb‡ei 3. Avãyj mvgv` bvgK e¨w³wU mgv‡Ri me©¯‡Í ii gvby‡li
gwR©i Ici| gwb‡ei AbygwZ Qov Zviv weevn Ki‡Z wbKU kª×vi cvÎ wQ‡jb| wZwb GjvKvi gmwR‡`i
cviZ bv| AwaKvsk mgq `vmxiv gwb‡ei DccZœx Bgvg mgv‡Ri mKj A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ eÜ Ki‡Z
wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Zv| `vm`vmx‡`i mšÍv‡bi Ici e‡jb|G‡Z mgv‡Ri GK †kªYxi gvby‡li Kv‡Q wZwb
gwb‡ei gvwjKvbv cªwZwôZ wQj| `vmmx‡`i Ici kÎy n‡q hvb| GK ch©v‡q Zv‡K kvixwiK gvbweK
gwbeiv cªvqB AgvbweK I wbg©g wbh©vZb PvjvZ| G wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡Z nq Ges wZwb †`k Z¨v‡M eva¨
cªm‡Á ˆmq` Avgxi Avjx e‡jb, Òf…Z¨B †nvK Avi nb|
f~wg `vmB †nvK Zv‡`i fv‡M¨ ¶xY Avkv ev GK KYvi K. nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)- Gi gvZvi bvg wK?
m~h©ik¥xI Ke‡ii Gw`‡K (BnRxe‡b) RyUZ bv|Ó L. wnjdyj dyRyj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
DÏxc‡KI `vme¨e¯’vi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, kw³kvjx M. `xc‡Ki mv‡_ †Zvgvi cvV¨ eB‡qi †Kvb
†`k Zv‡`i K…wlKv‡Ri Rb¨ `wi`ª †`k †_‡K gnvgvb‡ei Kg©Kv‡Ûi mv`…k¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
Awkw¶Z †jvK‡`i G‡b K…wl Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ KiZ| e¨vL¨v Ki|
Zv‡`i AK¬všÍ cwikª‡gi Øviv K…wl †¶‡Î ˆecix N. Ôgnvcwi‡Pi †`kZ¨v‡Mi NUbv Zvi I Zvi
cwieZ©b Av‡b| wKš‘ IB Awkw¶Z †jvK‡`i †Kvb cªPwjZ a‡g©i Rb¨ wQj ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv|Õ
e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv wQj bv| Zv‡`i Ici wbh©vZb Kiv we‡kølY Ki|
n‡Zv| DÏxc‡K Bmjvgc~e© Avi‡ei `vm e¨e¯’vi 3 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
ev¯ÍewPÎ dy‡U D‡V‡Q| K. nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)- Gi gvZvi bvg Av‡gbv|
L. wnjdyj dyRyj ivm~j (mv.) KZ©…K MwVZ| GKwU kvwšÍ Dc‡i D³ Av‡jvPbv GwU cªwZqgvb nq, DÏxc‡Ki
ms‡Ni bvg, hv wZwb evj¨Kv‡j MVb K‡iwQ‡jb| Avãyj mvgv‡`i NUbv Avgiv cvV¨ eB‡qi gnvgvbe
cªwZeQi wRjn¾ gv‡m Avi‡e weL¨vZ KvR †gjv nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv)-.Gi Kg©Kv‡Ði mv‡_ m¤ú~Y©
AbywôZ n‡Zv| G †gjvq Ryqv †Ljv‡K †K›`ª K‡i mv`…k¨c~Y©|
KyivBk I Kv‡qj †Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ i³¶qx hy× msNwUZ N. DËi gnvcyiæl A_©vr, †gvnv¤§` (mv.) Gi NUbv Zvi
nq| hv BwZnv‡m 'nieyj dy¾vi' bv‡g cwiwPZ| ivm~j I Zvi cªPwjZ ag© Z_v Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ wQj ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
(mv.) evj¨Kv‡j GB hy× cªZ¨¶ K‡ib| G‡Z Zvi NUbv e³e¨wU me©vs‡k mwVK|
KwPgb †Ku‡` I‡V| gvbeZvi G Acgvb mn¨ Ki‡Z ivm~j (mv.) Bmjv‡gi Øx‡bi `vIqvZ †`Iqvi Kvi‡Y
bv †c‡i hy× e‡Üi Rb¨ Kwbô wcZ…e¨ RyevBi I g°vi Kvwdi‡`i wbg©g wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nb| G
Ab¨vb¨ K‡qKRb Drmvnx hyeK‡K wb‡q wZwb GKwU avivevwnK Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨v Kivi wm×všÍ †bb| G
kvwšÍ KwgwU MVb K‡ib| G kvwšÍ KwgwU Bmjv‡gi gZve¨e¯’vq Avjøvn Zvqvjv Zvu‡K g°vZ Z¨vM K‡i
BwZnvm 'nieyj dy¾vi' bv‡g cªwm×| gw`bvq wnRiZ Kivi wb‡`©k †`b| GiB †cªw¶‡Z
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ †Zvgvi ev_¨ eB‡qi gnvgvbe nhiZ ivmyj (mv.) 622 wLª÷v‡ã 24 †m‡Þ¤^‡i gw`bvq
†gvnv¤§` (mv.) Gi Kg©Kv‡Û mv`…k¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| wnRiZ K‡ib| gw`bv †MvÎ Zvi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q
gnvbex (mv.) beyIqvZ jv‡fi c~‡e© mKj †Mv‡Îi gw`bv mb` cªYqb K‡i| G mb‡`i gva¨‡g gyn¤§`
wbKUeZ©x Rbwcªq wQ‡jb| †h‡Kv‡bv Kjn-weevn, (mv.)- †K gw`bv cªRvZ‡š¿i cªkvmK, wePvicwZ
b¨vqwePvi, cªfw… Z †¶‡Î mK‡jB gnvbex (m.) Gi ˆmbva¨¶ wn‡m‡e †g‡b †bq| G‡Z K‡i g°vq
wm×v‡šÍi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Zb| Zvi webgª ¯^fve, AUj Ae‡nwjZ jvwÃZ gynv¤§` (mv.) m‡e©v”P m¤§v‡bi
wek¦vm, Mfxi KZ©e¨wbôv, mZ¨evw`Zv I wek¦¯ÍZvi AwaKvix nb| gw`bvq Bû`x I wLª÷vbiv ivm~j (mv.)-
Rb¨ mK‡jB Zv‡K ÔAvj- AvwgbÕ e‡j WvK‡Zb| Gi AvMgb I Bmjv‡gi AvMg‡bi evZ©v c~e© n‡ZB
A_P beyqZ jv‡fi ci Zvui Ici bvwRjK…Z AewnZ wQj| d‡j Zviv ivm~j (mv.)- Gi AvMg‡b
myiv¸‡jvi wb‡`©kbvi Av‡jv‡K nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) `‡j `‡j Bmjvg MªnY Ki‡Z jvMj| gw`bvevwm
ZvInx‡`i `vIqvZ cªPvi K‡ib| ciKvj, wePvi gnvbex (mv.)- Gi cªwZ m¤§vb cª`k©b K‡i Bqvmwi‡ei
w`em, cweÎZvi mv‡_ bvgvR Av`vq, nhiZ gynv¤§` bvg cwieZ©b K‡i bZyb bvg iv‡L gw`bvZybœwe|
(mv.)- †K ivm~j wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ, abevb e¨w³i Ggwbfv‡e wnRiZ ivm~j (mv.) Bmjv‡gi †gvi Nywi‡q
mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ I AÜ Roev` cwinvi BZ¨vw` welq †`q| HwZnvwmK wc.‡K wnwÆ e‡jb wnRi‡Zi mv‡_
wZwb cªPvi K‡ib| mv‡_ gnvbwe (mv.)- Gi g°v Rxe‡bi Aemvb nq Ges
Gi cvkvcvwk wZwb mZZv, ˆbwZKZv, gvbeZv, gw`bv Rxe‡b ïf m~Pbv nq| Avi GLv‡b gyn¤§`
gvbe‡mev cªf…wZ Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK welq cvj‡bi K_v (mv.)- Gi Rxe‡bi †gvo Ny‡i hvq| HwZnvwmK
cªPvi K‡ib Ges wkiK, nZ¨v, nvbvnvwb, Rw½ev`, †Lv`ve· e‡jb, wnRiZ Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡mi weivU
AZ¨vPvi BZ¨vw` AgvbweK Kg© eR©‡bi AvneŸvb †gvo cwieZ©bKvix NUbv| Ae‡k‡l ejv hvq,
Rvbvb| G evYxG¸‡jvi cªPvi Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb wnRi‡Zi c~‡e©i Rxeb wQj gnvbex (mv.)- Gi `ytL
mxgvnxb AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nb| Kvwdi K‡ói Rxeb Avi wnRi‡Zi c‡i gw`bvq Rxeb nq
KyivBk‡`i G AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZ‡bi gvÎv Pi‡g Zv‡Z myL I Avb‡›`i Rxeb| Gi †_‡K Bmjv‡gi
†cŠuQ‡j Ges Zviv ivm~j (mv.)- †K nZ¨vi lohš¿ weRq c~e© m~Pbv nq|
Ki‡j Avjøvn Zv'Avjv Zv‡K gw`bvq wnRiZ Kivi
Rb¨ wb‡`©k †`b| d‡j wZwb 622 wLª÷v‡ã g°v Z¨vM 4. mevwjqv GjvKvq gyRvwn` mv‡ne emevm K‡ib|
K‡i gw`bvq wnRiZ K‡ib| miKvwi PvKwi jv‡fi ci ciB wZwb we‡q K‡ib|
Avgiv DÏxc‡Ki Avãyj mvgv‡`i †¶‡ÎI Abyiƒc we‡qi GK eQi mgvcbv‡šÍB Zvi M…‡n dyUdy‡U my›`i
e¨e¯’v †`L‡Z cvB| wZwbI mevi kª×vi cÎ wQ‡jb| GKwU †Q‡j Rb¥MªnY K‡i| gyRvwn` mv‡ne Zvi bvg
wKš‘ hLbB wZwb A‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ eÜ Kivi Rb¨ iv‡Lb Avãyi ingvb| †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB †m Lye bgª I
†jvK‡`i Avnevb Ki‡jb, ZLb GK‡kªYxi †jvK Zvi f`ªZvi mv‡_ †e‡o I‡V| cvov-cªwZ‡ekxiv Zvi
kÎy‡Z cwiYZ n‡jv| GK ch©v‡q Zv‡K kvixwiK I AvPi‡Y LyeB gy»| ïay ZvB bq, mK‡ji mv‡_
gvbwmK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡Z nq Ges wZwb ninv‡gkv Pjv‡div Kiv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡K KL‡bv wg_¨v
†`kZ¨v‡M eva¨ nb| ¯úk© Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB †jv‡Kiv Zv‡K mZ¨ev`x
ingvb wn‡m‡e Dcvwa cª`vb K‡i| wec`-Avc‡`
ˆa‡h©i m‡e©v”P mxgv Av‡ivn‡Yi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri N. Av`k© A_© AbymiYxq mËv gynv¤§` (mv.) ¯’vb Kvj eY©
mK‡ji gb †K‡o †m †kªô Pwi‡Îi `…óvšÍ ¯’vcb K‡i| †MvÎ aŸwb Mwie Z_¨ mgMª wek¦evmxi Rb¨ gnvb Avjøvn
K. ivm~‡j cvK (mv.) -Gi ˆR¨ô Kb¨v bvg wK? iveŸyj Avjvgx‡bi kwbe©vwPZ Av`k© gnvgvbe| gnvbex
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