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Electrical Engineering Basics Explained

The document outlines basic principles of electrical engineering, focusing on matter, atoms, and the behavior of charges. It explains concepts such as protons, neutrons, isotopes, and the role of valence electrons in conductivity and chemical bonding. Additionally, it covers electric circuits, resistance, and the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance, highlighting the importance of understanding these principles to prevent electrical hazards.

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toledotantan9
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8 views31 pages

Electrical Engineering Basics Explained

The document outlines basic principles of electrical engineering, focusing on matter, atoms, and the behavior of charges. It explains concepts such as protons, neutrons, isotopes, and the role of valence electrons in conductivity and chemical bonding. Additionally, it covers electric circuits, resistance, and the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance, highlighting the importance of understanding these principles to prevent electrical hazards.

Uploaded by

toledotantan9
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Basic Principles - Electrical

Engineering
Matter - all around
Element - simplest form of matter
Compound - combination of 2 or more elements
Molecule - smallest particle of a compound that still has the same
properties. Break it down to get atoms
Atom - building blocks of all matters. smallest particle.
Proton and Neutron (quarks)

Proton
Neutron (balanced)
Hydrogen atm n. 1 (1 proton and electron)
Carbon atm n.6 (atm mass 12) 6+6=12
Isotopes - Same number diff. masses.
Valence Electrons - can participate in formation of chemical bonds
and conduct electricity. (electricity and bonding behavior)
Metals - good conductors
Non-Metals - (rubber and plastics) very tight, poor conductor
(insulators)

Normally, have equal protons and electrons so that it is neutral. If


it takes extra electron.
Charging happens when electrons are not balanced. Either has
too many or too few compared to normal scenario.
Floor mat give extra electrons. Touch doorknob, electrons travel
causing small shock.
2 Concepts
Charge and Work

Charge create electric field — can push or pull charge from/to it.
Movement of charges creates WORK.
Attraction - positive attract negative charge.
+2C — 3 Electrons

+1C — 3 Electrons
-1C repulses 3 elec. +1C attract 3 elec = 6 Electrons to +1C

Any charged body gas energy stored in it — can transfer by


attraction or repulsion.
Complete Circuit.

negative charges is attracted to positive charged plates then


converts to positive.

Movement of Electrons powered the bulb.


Negative Charged inside the bulb.

Path
Volt = Joules/Coulomb
V=J/C
V=IR
Volt = current x resistance
Potential Difference - VOLTAGE

Current - unit measure (Ampere or A)


Electric Current - motion of charges.

Flow - charge moving


Flow group - current
R = (p) (L/A)
p = constant
L/A x L/L = L²/V
L/A x A/A = V/A²

R = (p) (L²/V)
R = (p) (V/A²)

Wire carrying current becomes hot.

Trivia:
Overcurrent = Overload
2.0mm² para lang sa Ilaw
2.0 mm² used Aircon (too much electrons in the wire) = causes
sparking — which causes fire.

RESISTANCE - opposition of current

Charges and atom collide - resistance


Resistance produces heat

The fact that wire heats up show there is applied forces or


voltage.
1000 mil = 1 in.
1 MCM = 1000 CM
resistivity = ohm-meter
G = 1/ R = 1/(p(L/A))

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