KINETICS OF REACTION BETWEEN THIOSULFATE AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID (GARAMOND 18, SMALL CAPS, BOLD)
(2 SPACES, GARAMOND 10)
J.J.J. KING1, U.V.Y. XYZ1 AND K.K. KROO2 (GARAMOND 11, SMALL CAPS, BOLD) 1INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY, COLLEGE OF SCIENCE 2NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES, COLLEGE OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, DILIMAN, QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES (GARAMOND 11, SMALL CAPS, ITALIC)
DATE SUBMITTED: (GARAMOND 10, SMALL CAPS) (2 SPACES, GARAMOND 10) (1 SPACE, GARAMOND 10)
ABSTRACT (GARAMOND 11, ALL CAPS, BOLD) (Justified, Garamond 11, Italic) A condensed version of the entire paper; summarizes the essential aspects of the paper; significance of the study, purpose of the experiment, brief methodology, major results, and major conclusions. It should give the idea of the scope of the study. Do not include too much background information. It should be brief and concise; it is self contained with no reference to figures, tables, equations or bibliographic references and should not exceed 200 words. It is written in past tense without the use of personal pronouns. If you are to determine a certain amount, include your results here. % error and S pooled accounts for the accuracy and precision only.
(1 space, Garamond 10) (2 spaces, Garamond 10)
INTRODUCTION (GARAMOND, 11, ALL CAPS, BOLD)
(Justified, Garamond 10) This must give a 1) background information of the study. Give only relevant information. Avoid making it a lecture type discussion. Show the 2) importance of the study (like application, and must answer why this study is performed). 3) the objective of the experiment must be clearly stated at the end of the introduction. It is not another version of the introduction found in the manual. Include citation [1] for all borrowed information. Formulas used in the calculations should also be placed in the introduction.
(Justified, Garamond 10) This section should include the discussion of 1) data 2) results 3) errors and limitations of the results and 4) comparison of experimental results from theoretical results/literature values. The results should be justified using the theory. This is the heart of the formal report. Have a systematic flow of discussion. Discuss as you present results. Figures or tables not to be discussed must be omitted. Raw data should be placed in the appendix part. Organize data into tables, figures, etc (whichever is applicable). Properly label tables and figures. For those requiring regression curves, use an XY scatter plot and insert the regression curve. Each figure should have a brief caption describing it and, if necessary, a key to interpret the various line and symbols on the figure. Figures should be numbered sequentially, i.e. Figure 1., Figure 2. etc, and must be cited in the text as figure 1, figure 2, etc. Equations should be prepared using Equation Editor or MathType. Equations should be numbered sequentially throughout the text, i.e. (1), (2), etc. No handwritten equations shall be accepted since this is a FORMAL report.
METHODOLOGY (GARAMOND, 11, ALL CAPS, BOLD)
This should contain a summary of the method used in the experiment and the explanations for the important steps in the experiment (past tense). It should also include illustrations of set-ups used in the experiment, if any. Rationalize the methodology (significance of each major technique and reagent added).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (GARAMOND, 11, ALL CAPS, BOLD)
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Sample discussion: One factor affecting the rate is the temperature as shown by the Arrhenius equation (1) where k is the rate constant, A is the Arrhenius constant, Ea is the energy of activation, R is the gas constant and T is the temperature. Using this equation, however, results to an exponential graph which makes interpolation harder. Hence, the linearized form of the Arrhenius equation (2) was used to prepare figure 1. (1) (2) Figure 1 below shows that of ln (1/t) and (1/T) is inversely proportional. 8 6 4 2 0 0 1 2 3 Figure 1. Effect of temperature on reaction rate by the Arrhenius equation. Tables should be centered unless they occupy the full width of the page. Captions should be placed to the top of the table. Tables should be numbered sequentially, i.e. Table 1., Table 2., etc and should be cited in the text as table 1, table 2, etc. Table 1. Calculated values for dissociation constants and stability constants. A1 A2 K[enH2 2+] 2.00E-05 2.63E-05 K1 2.81E-03 9.09E-03 K2 4.64E-06 1.18E-05 Analyze and interpret results. Include answers to guide for discussion. Give % error (if theoretical value is given) and spooled and account for the deviation (include the sources of errors). y = 1.626373626x + 1.535164835 R = 0.998768866
method used) and other recommendations. Be direct in stating conclusions. This sections should answer the question 1) were the objectives of the experiment achieved? 2) what are the final results? 3) what conclusions can you infer from the results?.
REFERENCES (GARAMOND, 11, ALL CAPS, BOLD)
[1] Atkins, P.W., Physical Chemistry, 8th edition. Oxford University Press, 1998, 737-746, 761-764. (Author, Title of the book or journal, edition (if applicable), Publisher, Year of publication, Page number.) * minimum of 3 reference books AND 1 journal source. * online source: at most 2; do not use Wikipedia or Yahoo! Answers. APPENDIX This section should be in a separate page and should be presented in one column. If 2 or more appendices are needed, they can be labeled as Appendix A, Appendix B, etc. Data, working equations, sample calculations and other pertinent information that is too lengthy to be included in the discussion should be placed in the appendices. Raw data should also be included in this part. Other notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The paper should be written in passive voice and in a 3rd person point of view (do not use the pronouns I, we, our, etc) The paper should have page numbers. Margin: 1 on all sides Report spooled A two column format should be followed starting with the introduction until the references section unless the need arises. Appendices follow a one column format. Attach completely filled out data sheet Attach photocopy of all references (relevant pages only and not the whole Chapter; highlight lines cited; do not print out online sources but include URL in References section) FR point system: Abstract Introduction Methodology Results 10 10 10 25 Discussion Summary References Sample calcs 25 5 5 10
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION (GARAMOND, 11, ALL CAPS, BOLD)
(Justified, Garamond 10) Summary of important results (must answer the question so what). Discuss the degree of success or failure of the experiment. If necessary, include suggestions for improvement (on the
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