Machine Design and CAD-I

ASSIGNMENT NO # 1
Total Marks 20
Date of Assigned: 08-01-2020
Date of Submission: 17-01-2020

Name: ________________________ Roll No. ______________________

Course Learning Outcome: CLO 2 Program Outcome: PLO- 1

Question no # 1: - Explain gear drives in detail with neat Sketch?

The gears or toothed wheels may be classified as follows:

1. According to the position of axes of the shafts.

The axes of the two shafts between which the motion is to be transmitted, may be

(a) Parallel, (b) Intersecting, and (c) Non-intersecting and non-parallel.

 The two parallel and co-planar shafts connected by the gears. These gears are called spur
gears and the arrangement is known as spur gearing. These gears have teeth parallel to the
axis of the wheel.
 Another name given to the spur gearing is helical gearing, in which the teeth are inclined
to the axis.
 The single and double helical gears connecting parallel shafts.
 The object of the double helical gear is to balance out the end thrusts that are induced in
single helical gears when transmitting load.
 The two non-parallel or intersecting, but coplanar shafts connected by gears. These gears
are called bevel gears and the arrangement is known as bevel gearing.
 The bevel gears, like spur gears may also have their teeth inclined to the face of the
bevel, in which case they are known as helical bevel gears.
 The two non-intersecting and non-parallel i.e. non-coplanar shafts connected by gears.
 These gears are called skew bevel gears or spiral gears and the arrangement is known as
skew bevel gearing or spiral gearing. This type of gearing also has a line contact, the rotation
of which about the axes generates the two pitch surfaces known as hyperboloids.
2. According to the peripheral velocity of the gears.

The gears, according to the peripheral velocity of the gears, may be classified as :

(a) Low velocity, (b) Medium velocity, and (c) High velocity.

 The gears having velocity less than 3 m/s are termed as low velocity gears and gears having
velocity between 3 and 15 m / s are known as medium velocity gears. If the velocity of gears
is more than 15 m / s, then these are called high speed gears.

3. According to the type of gearing

The gears, according to the type of gearing, may be classified as :

(a) External gearing, (b) Internal gearing, and (c) Rack and pinion.

 In external gearing, the gears of the two shafts mesh externally with each other . The
larger of these two wheels is called spur wheel or gear and the smaller wheel is called pinion.
In an external gearing, the motion of the two wheels is always unlike.
 In internal gearing, the gears of the two shafts mesh internally with each other. The
larger of these two wheels is called annular wheel and the smaller wheel is called pinion.
 Sometimes, the gear of a shaft meshes externally and internally with the gears in a
straight line (A straight line may also be defined as a wheel of infinite radius). Such a type of
gear is called rack and pinion. The straight line gear is called rack and the circular wheel is
called pinion.
Question no # 2: - Explain terms used in gear in detail with neat sketch?

1. Pitch circle:-It is an imaginary circle which by pure rolling action, would give the same
motion as the actual gear.

2. Pitch circle diameter:-It is the diameter of the pitch circle. The size of the gear is usually
specified by the pitch circle diameter. It is also called as pitch diameter.

3. Pitch point: - It is a common point of contact between two pitch circles.

4. Pitch surface:-It is the surface of the rolling discs which the meshing gears have replaced at
the pitch circle.

5. Pressure angle or angle of obliquity. It is the angle between the common normal to two gear
teeth at the point of contact and the common tangent at the pitch point. It is usually denoted by
‘φ’. The standard pressure angles are 14 1/2° and 20°.

6. Addendum:-It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch circle to the top of the tooth.

7. Dedendum:-It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch circle to the bottom of the tooth.

8. Addendum circle:-It is the circle drawn through the top of the teeth and is concentric with the
pitch circle.

9. Dedendum circle:-It is the circle drawn through the bottom of the teeth. It is also called root
circle.

10. Circular pitch:-It is the distance measured on the circumference of the pitch circle from a
point of one tooth to the corresponding point on the next tooth. It is usually denoted by “pc.

11. Diametral pitch:-It is the ratio of number of teeth to the pitch circle diameter in millimeters.
It denoted by (Pd).

12. Clearance:-It is the radial distance from the top of the tooth to the bottom of the tooth, in a
meshing gear. A circle passing through the top of the meshing gear is known as clearance circle.

13. Module:-It is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter in millimeters to the number of teeth. It is
usually denoted by “m”.

14. Total depth:-It is the radial distance between the addendum and the dedendum circle of a
gear. It is equal to the sum of the addendum and dedendum.

15. Working depth:-It is radial distance from the addendum circle to the clearance circle. It is
equal to the sum of the addendum of the two meshing gears.
16. Tooth thickness:-It is the width of the tooth measured along the pitch circle.

17. Tooth space:-It is the width of space between the two adjacent teeth measured along the
pitch circle.

18. Backlash :-It is the difference between the tooth space and the tooth thickness, as
measured on the pitch circle.

19. Face of the tooth:-It is surface of the tooth above the pitch surface.

20. Top land:-It is the surface of the top of the tooth.

21. Flank of the tooth:-It is the surface of the tooth below the pitch surface.

22. Face width:-It is the width of the gear tooth measured parallel to its axis.

23. Profile:-It is the curve formed by the face and flank of the tooth.

24. Fillet radius:-It is the radius that connects the root circle to the profile of the tooth.

25. Path of contact:-It is the path traced by the point of contact of two teeth from the beginning
to the end of engagement.

26. Length of the path of contact:-It is the length of the common normal cut-off by the
addendum circles of the wheel and pinion.

27. Arc of contact:-It is the path traced by a point on the pitch circle from the beginning to the
end of engagement of a given pair of teeth.