International Style 4.
America's International Style became a Radiant City Proposal
symbolism of Capitalism. The "To create architecture
Lodwig Mies van der Rohe: Explanade
International Style is the favored is to put in order."
Apartments and Lake Shore Drive Apartments
architecture for office buildings and is
International Style of architecture as seen in
also found in upscale homes built for
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's Esplanade
the rich.
Apartments (two buildings in right foreground)
and Lake Shore Drive Apartments two adjacent ARCHITECTS OF INTERNATIONAL STYLE
Palace of Assembly,
towers), Chicago
Chandigarh
Rectilinear forms: light, taut plane surfaces that "Architecture is the
Philip Johnson
have been completely stripped of applied learned game. Correct
ornamentation and decoration Born in Cleveland, Ohio and magnificent, of
in 1906. He graduated forms assembled in the
The term International Style was first used in
from Harvard University light."
1932 by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip
and received an A. B. in
Johnson in their essay titled The International
architectural history, in
Style: Architecture Since 1922
1930 and a [Link] in 1943. Le Corbusier’s five points towards modern
Seagram Building in architecture
collaboration with Ludwig
International Style 1. Pilotis or first story columns free of walls that
Mies Van De Rohe
raise the house above the ground.
1. International Style is a term often used "Architecture is the art
to describe Bauhaus-like architecture in of how to waste space” 2. A free plan, achieved by the separation of
the United States. the load-bearing columns from the walls
2. American International style buildings subdividing the space.
tend to be geometric, monolithic
3. A free façade the exterior walls are no longer
skyscrapers with these typical features:
Le Corbusier load-bearing and just separates the internal
a rectangular solid with six sides
spaces from the outside
(including ground floor) and a flat roof, Charles-Édouard
a curtain wall (exterior siding) Jeanneret 4. Strip windows horizontal lengths of
completely of glass; no ornamentation; Swiss Architect fenestrations as uninterrupted bands.
and stone, steel, glass construction City Planner
materials. 5. Roof Terraces to be constructed with sand
3. The name came from the book The covered by thick cement slabs laid with
International Style by historian and staggered joints, seeded with grass.
critic Henry-Russell Hitchcock and
architect Philip Johnson.
Renzo Piano Familiar shapes and details are used in modern works who uses humor as an integral
unexpected ways. part of his architecture.
Born in Genoa, Italy
Buildings may incorporate symbols to
in 1937. From 1959
make a statement or simply to delight
to 1964 he studied at
the viewer. Robert Venturi
the Milan
The key ideas of Postmodernism are set
Politecnico, where Born in
forth in two important books by Venturi
he taught until 1968. Philadelphia,
and Brown: Complexity and
In 1970, Piano Pennsylvania in
Contradiction in Architecture (1966)
established a partnership with the English 1925. He
and Learning from Las Vegas (1972
architect Richard Rogers. attended the
ARCHITECTS OF POST MODERNISM Episcopal
Centre Georges
Academy in Philadelphia and graduated from
Pompidou Together, Michael Graves
Princeton University. He worked with Eero
Rogers and Piano
Born in Saarinen and Louis I. Kahn before he founded
designed a number
Indianapolis, his own practice in 1958. In 1964 he formed a
of buildings in Italy
Indiana in 1934. partnership with John Rausch.
and England.
He studied at
"Less is Bore"
'Cultural machine' the University
of Cincinnati, Children's
Ohio and at Museum
POST MODERNISM Harvard University. After working as a Fellow at of
the American Academy in Rome for two years, Houston.
Postmodern architecture is a style or
he started his own practice in Princeton, New Texas,
movement which emerged in the 1960s as a
Jersey. He became a professor at Princeton USA, 1992
reaction against the austerity, formality, and
University in 1972.
lack of variety of modern architecture,
particularly in the international style advocated Disney's Hotel.
M2
by Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock. New York City
Building
Postmodern architecture evolved from He generates an by Kengo
the modernist movement, yet ironic, vision of Kuma,
contradicts many of the modernist Classicism in 1991
ideas. which his Tokyo,
Combining new ideas with traditional buildings have Japan
forms, postmodernist buildings may become classical
startle, surprise, and even amuse. in their mass and
order. Graves also has become an opponent of