va

e e
n
a n
en

-nee

24.1 Electric Potential and Potential Difference

When test
placed field, force:
a
charge is
-
on an
->
electric it
experiences a

Fe g.E
=

conservative electric
force

force:
work done
by a conservative

·
is
path independent.
closed
·

along a
path is zero.

·
equals the decrease in
potential energy. (W
= -

AU)

The electric force the

work done
by the on
charge is:

Wint Fe. d
=

gE. dS
=

Wint =-AUE

finite
For a
displacementof charge from to
A B, change in
potential energy of

the
system is:

gU Un-UA
=
= -

qr/E.d5
The electric
potential is the
potential energyper charge: unit

V =
UE Volt 15/C &
=

90

point cs)
J
From A to B, GV V
=
-

VA= 90 IV is taken zero

at at some convenient ->

Remember:Potential B of
difference blu A and exists
solely because source
charge
and its distribution. For potential energy to exist, there must be a
system
of two or more
charges.
Electric field is a measure of the rate
AN/C 1
=
V/m
change
of the
of electric potential with
the
respect to
position.

1eV 1.6 x10 =

=
16 1019]
x
24.2 Potential Difference in a Uniform Electric field

SV VB
= -

VA =
-

(*.d E.S dS =
-

=-fEdscos(0) -JEds =

AV = -Ed
Electric field lines
always point in direction of
decreasing electric

potential and potential energy.

wV= q1V
= =
-qEd

Equipotential Surfaces:
any
surface
consisting of a continuous distribution of
points
having the same electric
potential.
electric field
No work
net is done on a
charged particle by an when particle moves

blw two
points same
equipotential surfaces.
on

o
Equipotential surfaces always perpendicular to
are electric field lines.

24.3 Electric Potential and Potential

Energy due to Point
Charges

The electric
potential at P measured
w/ respect to zero
potential at
infinity
will be:

Up Req =

Potential difference blu A

points and B will be:

Vi -VA Keg =
1 -
1

TB VA

Potential due to of
energy
a
group point charges is:

Up ke
air,
=

Work done to
bring qz
to
infinity, Next 92BV
=

AU==
Wext q2 Ke91 =
x

raz

U= Re 9192
=

192
 of the Electric Field from Electric Potential
24.4
Obtaining the value the

xv =
-

f*E.d E.(d5
=
-

dV -
=
E.d5

-dV -dV
=
Ex Fy =
and I,
=

dZ

Electric
24.5 Potential Due to continuous
Charge Distributions

Potential this due to this element

at some
point due to
charge charge is:

dV
bedq
=

Total potential:V ke)4q

=

24.6 conductor in Electrostatic

Equilibrium

= Fieldinside O
=

resides surface of isolated conductor.

2.
Charge on

3. E at point just outside conductor,

perpendicular to surface, has
magnitude ar
4.
Irregularly shaped conductor:o is at
greatest locations where the radius curvature
of

is the smallest.

The surface of
charged conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is
equipotential surface.
any an
 va
e e
n
a n
en

-nee

AAV 135m5 ⑦ a) Y2d

2d
1W =
=
-
x =
=

x COS 30

a) 14+ Uf
sono s
2 Ki Ui + =
+

Imer-eV;=-eVf
-

y charge of
ex

Ve =-2.31kV
40 20 +0 ee
...
... =
+
6.93e
=
-

b)
Greater as mp> me
..
kEp> kfe

2) SVz=-mer;2 0a) V kex5x109

= - kex3 x109 183V =

0.175 0.175

= b) Ue
keop192
=
=
=
3.85 x 1855

VyVe= e The negative sign indicates that positive work

must be done to
separate charges by infinite

distance (bring them to zero potential).

3a)
HV 105N/
= 1.13 x

⑭
=
=

11a) V ked 4 4
x
ke
=
=
a a

b) Fc 5g
=
1.01
=
x 10"N I a
⑪ ⑪

18")
a

c) W Fed
= 4.39 x
=

b) Ue qV42 ke
= =

a) Fc F0
E 5425.9V
5
a) VA=
=
-> a =
12

6084.2V
b) VB =

me
0 c) AV 658V
As X
A and
=

k,
=

M =
=

2 3

u
Y, uz us Ux
E
a 13
= + +
... =
+

93x4 q2)s+)-
u =
+

4
=
v 4 2aS
+

9/10 +
energy involved
no

v
0.4m/s
+

in
bringing to
=

94

b)
It is same as E is uniform empty space.

u
beD 1207ke+ 2.707ke=5.4Ke
= +
 b) E
Yz z00N/C
15 =
=

a)
b)
no

V2 =
point

Keg
a
⑧.
2Gy
x) y/rein(y)
= =
25

yetisthe
isoils
s
-

dq
-

a) Cm
x
= xx
=

2
+
xm
=

y2yz

= 5
-y)- 1)
yz)
yz))4
(y*x+
+

+
I av-ledkenda canene
Ey
=
.

v xex(d
=
x
+ -

d(n(d +
x))
a
V xex(a 1
=
+ -

d(n(r d)-d d(n(d)]

+ +

I d(n) y))
22 v xxxx =
-
+

20 =

No.
2- For surface varying in shape,
Is we cannot relate electric field

20
on surface to potential of

V
surface.

distance, 31 4Ta
23
smaller
A =
E ke
=

0
greater
..
x
x
= 1
=

E0 A

35a) E 0,V
=
=

5.84x100Vm
ReD
5
b) = =

a) A. Electric field can be interpreted

of of electric potential V 1.17 100
as rate
change =
x

space.
in
Equipotential surfaces are closer 2) E 11.9
=

10N/C
x

167x100V
more at A, i.e, potential changing more V =

rapidly.