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Bootcamp BASIC
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GEOMETRY
En

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Batch April 2026

WHAT IS A POINT?

In geometry, a point is a precise location

in space. It has no size, no dimension,
and no physical form. A

It is conceptually represented by a dot

and labeled with a capital letter, such B
as Point A, Point B, or Point C.

C
LINE VS LINE SEGMENT
Line Line Segment
A line is an infinite set of points that A line segment is a part of a line
extends endlessly in two opposite defined by two distinct endpoints. It
directions. It has no thickness and has a finite, measurable length.
cannot be measured.
Represented by arrows at both Represented by a straight line with two
ends. dots at the ends (—).

A B C A B
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐴 𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐵 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐴

Remember, Line extends infinitely, while Line Segment has a defined start and end.
RAYS
A ray combines properties of both a point and a line.
It begins at one specific endpoint.
It extends infinitely in only one direction.
When naming a ray, the endpoint is always
listed first. For example, Ray AB starts at point A
and continues indefinitely through point B.

A B
EXERCISE:

1. 𝐴𝐵 A. Ray

2. 𝐴𝐵 B. Line

3. 𝐴 ∙ C. Segment

4. 𝐶𝐷 D. Point
ANGLES
An angle is defined as the
measure of the “opening” or gap A
between two intersecting lines or
rays, measured in degrees. Vertex
𝜃
The lines or rays that form the B
Initial side C
angle are called its sides, and the
point where they meet is called
the vertex. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 ∠𝐶𝐵𝐴 ∠𝐵
CLASSIFICATION OF ANGLES
Acute Angle Right Angle
An angle measuring An angle that
Less than 90 measures exactly 90
degrees. degrees, forming a
square corner.

Obtuse Angle Straight Angle

An angle that
An angle that
measures more than
measures exactly 180
90 degrees but less
degrees, forming a
than 180 degrees.
straight line.
CLASSIFICATION OF ANGLES

Reflex A ng le
an angle that
measures more
than 180°.

Full/Complete Angle
an angle that
measures exactly
360°.
ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS
1. Complementary Angles

Definition Configuration
Two angles whose measures Can be adjacent (forming a
add up to exactly 90°. right angle) or non-adjacent.

These angles are frequently used in calculations involving right triangles and their internal angles.
ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS
[Link] Angles

Definition Configuration
Supplementary angles sum Adjacent or non-adjacent
to 180°, often forming a
straight line when adjacent.
This configuration is known
as a linear pair.
ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS
3. Explementary (Conjugate) Angles

Definition Configuration
Two angles adding up to a Typically formed by angles
full 360° rotation that complete a circle or revolve
around a central point

Understanding explementary angles is crucial when dealing with rotational geometry and angles on a plane.
ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS Answers:
Example 1: Refer to the figure shown. Part 1
Determine which angles are Complementary Angles - sum equal to 90°.
complementary, supplementary, and
explementary.
56° and 34° 61° and 29°

Part 2
119° Supplementary Angles - sum equal to 180°.

61° 119° and 61°

29° °
34°
Part 3
Explementary Angles - sum equal to 360°.

326° and 34°

326°
ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS Solution:
Example 2: Refer to the figure shown. Solve Part 1 S𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝜶:
the following missing angles. Note: 𝜶 and 64° are complementary.
𝛼 + 64° = 90°
𝛼 = 90° − 64° = 𝟐𝟔°

Part 2 S𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝜷:

Note: ß and 28° are complementary.
𝛼
β 𝛽 + 28° = 90°
64°
28°
𝛽 = 90° − 28° = 𝟔𝟐°
43°
Part 3 S𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝜽:
Note: θ and 64° are supplementary.
ϕ
𝜃 + 64° = 180°
𝜃 = 180° − 64° = 𝟏𝟏𝟔°
ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS Solution:
Example 2: Refer to the figure shown. Solve 𝜃 = 116° 𝛼 = 26° 𝛽 = 62°
the following missing angles.
Solving for 𝜸:
𝛾 = 𝜃 + 64° + 43° = 116° + 64° + 43° = 223°

𝛾 Part 4
Note: 𝝓 and 223° are explementary.
𝛼
β 𝜙 + 223° = 360°
64°
28°
𝜙 = 360° − 223° = 𝟏𝟑𝟕°
43°

ϕ
ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS Solution:
Example 3: Refer to the figure shown. Solve Solving for 𝜷:
for the value of 𝛼 given that 𝜃 = 15°.
𝛽 + 𝜃 = 115°
𝛽 + 15° = 115°
𝛽 = 100°

Solving for 𝜶:
𝛼 + 𝛽 = 180°
θ α
𝛼 + 100° = 180°
180° 115°
𝛼 = 𝟖𝟎°
𝛽
ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS
4. Vertical Angles
A
Definition
D
Vertical angles are formed when two
C
straight lines intersect, creating pairs
of opposite angles at the intersection
B
point. These angles are always
congruent, meaning they have equal
measures.
ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS
4. Vertical Angles Properties of Vertical Angles:

A.) Opposite Angles are always equal.

𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐵 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐶 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐷

A
B.) Adjacent Angles are supplementary.

D 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐷 = 180°

C 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐶 + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐵 = 180°

B C.) The sum of all angles is 360°.

𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐵 + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐶 + 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐷 = 360°

 TYPES OF LINES
1. Parallel Lines
Never Intersect Identical Slopes
Lines in the same plane that In coordinate geometry, parallel
maintain a constant distance and parallel lines always have the exact
never cross. exact same slope (e.g., y = 2x + 3
+ 3 and y = 2x - 1).

Real-World Examples
Think of train tracks, the opposite edges of a ruler, or the shelves on a
a bookcase.
 TYPES OF LINES
2. Perpendicular Lines
Line 1
Perpendicular lines are two lines that intersect to form a
a perfect right angle (90 degrees) at their point of
intersection. This creates four distinct .

Line 2

Example: The corners of a square table or the x-axis and

y-axis on a graph are classic examples of
perpendicular lines.
 TYPES OF LINES
Transversal Line 3. Transversal Line
Line 1
It is a line that intersects two or more other lines in the
Line 2 same plane at distinct points. In simplest terms, it is a
line that crosses two or more other lines.

Transversal Line
Line 1

Line 2
 TYPES OF LINES
3. Transversal Line Properties of Parallel Lines cut by a
Transversal Line:

A.) Alternate Interior Angles are Equal.

Line 1 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 4 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 5 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 3 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 6

1 2
3 4 B.) Alternate Exterior Angles are Equal.

𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 1 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 8 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 2 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 7

5 6 C.) Adjacent angles are Supplementary.

7 8 Line 2 D.) Corresponding Angles are Equal.
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 1 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 5 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 2 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 6
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 3 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 7 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 4 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 8
TYPES OF LINES Solution:
Example 4: Refer to the figure shown. Solve Solving for ∠𝑭:
the following missing angles. Principle: Vertical angles are equal.

∠𝑭 = 𝟓𝟐°

Line 1 A B Solving for ∠𝑮:

C D Principle: Adjacent angles are supplementary.

∠𝐺 +52°= 180°
E ∠𝑮 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖°
F
52° G Line 2 Solving for ∠𝑬:
Since ∠𝐸 and ∠𝐺 are vertical angles, they are
equal.
∠𝑬 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖°
TYPES OF LINES Solution:
Example 4: Refer to the figure shown. Solve Solving for ∠𝑪 and ∠𝑫:
the following missing angles. Principle: Alternate interior angles are equal.

∠𝑭 = ∠𝑪 = 𝟓𝟐°

Line 1 A B ∠𝑬 = ∠𝑫 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖°
C D

Solving for ∠𝑨 and ∠𝑩:

128°= E F =52° Principle: Alternate exterior angles are equal.

52° G =128° Line 2 ∠𝑮 = ∠𝑨 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖°

∠𝑩 = 𝟓𝟐°
TYPES OF LINES
Example 5: Refer to the figure shown. Solve
the following missing angles.

α 𝛽

60°

20° 40°

25°
TYPES OF LINES
Example 5: Refer to the figure shown. Solve
the following missing angles.

35°= θ

∠𝜽 = 𝟑𝟓°

35° 60°

25°

25°
TYPES OF LINES Solution:
Example 5: Refer to the figure shown. Solve Solving for 𝜶:
the following missing angles.
𝛼 = 180° −90° −20°

𝛼 = 𝟕𝟎°

Solving for 𝜷:
𝛽 = 𝟓𝟎°

20° 𝛽
α
50°
40°

20° 40°
WORDED PROBLEMS
A 240 yards C
Example 6: To find the distance between 63° 54°
two points A and B that lie on opposite
banks of a river, a surveyor lays off a line
segment AC of length 240 yards along one
bank and determines that the measures of
angle BAC and ACB are 63° and 54°,
respectively. Draw an appropriate figure for
this problem.

B
WORDED PROBLEMS
Example 7: A lot has a frontage of 120 m.
long along a road. The other sides which
are parallel to each other and are both
perpendicular to the road are 90 m. and 60
m. respectively. It is desired to subdivide
the lot into two parts by another 90 m
perpendicular line to the road such that the
area of the lot that adjoins the 60 m. side is
60 m
equal to 1/3 of the whole area. Draw an
appropriate figure for this problem.
120 m
WORDED PROBLEMS
Example 8: Illustrate the following
statements accordingly.
A. A triangle inscribed in a circle.
B. A circle circumscribing a hexagon.
C. A rectangle inscribed in a circle
circumscribing an equilateral triangle.
WORDED PROBLEMS
A B
Example 9: ABCD is a square. A point P is P
inside the square, which forms a triangle PDC
an equilateral triangle. Draw an appropriate
figure for this problem.

D C
 B
WORDED PROBLEMS
Example 10: A circle is inscribed in a triangle
ABC and it touches AC at P. If AB = 14, AC = 10
and AP = 4, draw an appropriate figure for
this problem. 14

P
A 4 C

10