Chemistry Study Material on:

COORDINATION COMPOUNDS

Name:____________________
School:___________________________
Prepared by: Mr. Dipak Kumar Parida, PGT CHEMISTRY

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PART-1: IMPORTANT TERMS AND IUPAC NOMENCLATURE:

Introduction:

The compounds in which the central atom is linked to a number of ions or neutral
molecules by coordinate bonds are called coordination compounds. Coordination
compounds must contain a complex ion and hence also known as complexes. The branch
of in-organic chemistry dealing with study of coordination compounds is known as
coordination chemistry.

The complexes can be classified into three types like

i) Cationic complex: The complexes in which the complex ion carries a net positive
charge is called cationic complex.

[Co(NH3 )6 ]3+ , [Ni(NH3 )6 ]2+

ii) Anionic complex: The complexes in which the complex ion carries a net negative
charge is called anionic complex.

[Fe(CN)6 ]4- , [Ag(CN)2 ]- etc

iii) Neutral complex: The complex which carries no charge is called a neutral
complex. Ex. [Ni(CO)4 ], [Co(NH3 )3 Cl3 ] etc

Difference between double salt and coordination compounds:

Double salt Coordination compounds

1) Double salts contain two simple salts in 1) In complex compounds the simple salts
equimolar proportions. may or may not be in equimolar proportions.
2) In aqueous solution they completely 2) The complex ion doesn’t dissociate into
dissociate into ions. ions in aqueous solution.
3) Double salts don’t contain any 3) The complex ion always contains
coordinate bond. coordinate bonds.
4) The properties of double salts are same 4) The properties of coordinate compounds
with the constituent compounds. are different from its constituent ions.
e.g. e.g.
Carnalitie – KCl.MgCl2.6H2O K4[Fe(CN)6]
Potash alum- K2SO4 .(Al2SO4)3 .24H2O [Co(NH3)6]Cl3
Mohr’s Salt–FeSO4(NH4)2SO4.6H2O [Ni(CO)4] etc

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IMPORTANT TERMS OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS:

1. Ligands: The ions or molecules which can donate a pair of electrons to the metal
atom or ion and form a coordinate bond with it are called Ligands.
The metal atom or ion to which the Ligands are attached is called central metal
atom or ion. Thus ligands are Lewis bases and central metal atom or ion is Lewis
acid.
Types of Ligands:
i). Monodentate Ligands: If a ligand contains one donor atom then it is called
monodentate ligand.
e.g. OH–, CN–, NO2– - Anionic ligands
H2O, NH3, CO, NO – Neutral ligands
ii). Bidentate Ligands: Ligands which have two donor atoms are called as
bidentate ligands.
CH2 - NH2
e.g. Ethane-1,2-iamine or Ethylenediamine (en) – |
CH2 - NH2

COO- CH2 - NH2

Oxalate(ox) ion – , Glycinate(gly) ion –
| (C2O 24- ) |
COO -
COO-

CH 3 – C = N − OH
|
Dimethylglyoxime(dmg) -
CH 3 – C = N − OH

Hexadentate ligands: Ligands having six donor atoms are called hexadentate ligands.

e.g. ethylenediaminetetraacetate(edta) ion,

Chelating Ligands: When a bidentate or polydentake ligand is attached by two or more
donor atoms to the same central metal atom or ion forming a ring structure then the ligand
is called chelating ligand and the complex is called a chelate compound. The stabilization
of coordination compounds due to chelation is called chelate effect.

e.g. Ethylenediamine (en), ox, dmg, edta4- Ex:[Cu(en)2]2+

Ambidentate ligands: Monodentate ligands containing more than one co-ordinating

atoms are called ambidentate ligands.

e.g. NO-2 , CN–, SCN– etc.

Bridging ligands: The ligands which can simultaneously bond itself to more than one
metal ion are called bridging ligands. e.g. OH–, Cl–, NH– etc.

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2. Co-ordination number:
The number of co-ordinate bonds formed by the ligands with the central metal atom
or ion is known as co-ordination number.
e.g. i) ln[Cu(NH4)4]SO4, the coordination no of Cu is 4.
ii) ln [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3, the coordination no of Cr is 6.
iii) ln [Fe(C2O4)3]CO3, the co-ordination number of Fe is 6.
iv) ln [CoCl(en)2(ONO)]Br the co-ordination number of Co is 6.
The common co-ordination number for metals is 2, 4, 6.
3. Co-ordination Sphere: The central metal atom and the ligands which are directly
attached to it are enclosed in square brackets and are collectively called as coordination
sphere. In [Cu(NH3)4]SO4, the complex ion [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is the coordination sphere.
4. Oxidation number:
It is defined as the charge which an atom appears to have when all other atoms or
groups of the compound are separated as ions.
e.g. i) [Cu(NH3)4]SO4. Let oxidation no of Cu is x
So x+4(O)+(–2)=0 Þ x=2

So oxidation no of Cu is +2 but coordination no is 4.

ii) [Fe (CN)6]4– x+6(–1) = –4 Þ x= +2

So oxidation no of Fe is +2 but coordination no is 6.

iii) K3 [Fe(C2O4)3]

3(+1) + x+3(–2) =0 Þ +3+x–6=0 Þ x–3 = 0 Þ x = +3

So the oxidation no of Fe is +3 but coordination number is 6.

5. Charge on the complex ion:
The charge carried by a complex ion is the algebraic sum of the charges carried by
central metal ion and the ligands coordinated to the central metal ion.
e.g. i) The charge of [Ag(CN)2] is +1+2(–1) = –1
ii) The charge of [Cu(NH3)4] is +2+4(0)=+2
6. Co-ordination polyhedron: The spatial arrangement of the ligands around the central
metal atom is called co-ordination polyhedron. It is generally either octahedral or
tetrahedral or square planer.
7. Homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes: The complexes in which only one trpe of
ligands are present ae called Homoleptic complexes and the complexes in which more
than one type of ligands are present are called Heteroleptic complexes.
Ex; [Co(NH3)6]3+ is Homoleptic but [CoCl2(en)2]+ is heteroleptic complex

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PQ:
1. Which complex compound is most stable:
(a)[Co(NH3)3(NO3)3] (b)[CoCl2(en)2]NO3 (c)[Co(NH3)6]2(SO4)3 (d)[Co(NH3)4H2OBr](NO3)2
[Link] of the following species is not expected to be a ligand?
(a)NO (b)NH2CH2CH2NH2 (c)NH4+ (d)CO
3. The stabilization of coordination compounds due to chelation is called chelate effect.
Which one of the following is the most stable species?
(a)[Fe(CO)5] (b)[Fe(CN)6]3- (c) [Fe(C2O4)3]3- (d)[Fe(H2O)6]3+
4. The oxidation state of Fe in [Fe(CO)5] is____________.
5. The coordination no of Co in the complex [Co(en)3]3+ is___________.
6. CuSO4. 5H2O is blue colour while CuSO4is colourless. Why?
7. Assertion(A): Ambidentate ligands form chelates.
Reason(R ):Ambidentate ligands contain more than one donor atom.
8. Which of the following complexes is not heteroleptic?
(a) [Co(NH3)3(NO3)3] (b)[CoCl2(en)2]NO3 (c)[Co(NH3)6]2(SO4)3 (d)[Co(NH3)4H2OBr](NO3)2
9. A chelating ligand has two or more than two donor atoms to bind to a single metal atom
or ion to form a ring compound. Which of the following is not a chelating agent?
(a)Oxalato (b)glycinato (c)thiourea (d)Ethylene diamine
10. Ethylene diaminetetraacetate ion is a/an: (NEET-2024RE)
a)hexadentate ligand b)ambidentate ligand c)monodentate ligand d)bidentate ligand
11. Which of the following is not an ambidentate ligand? (NEET-2024RE)
a) C2O42- b)SCN- c)NO2- d)CN-
12. Which of the following forms a set of complex and a double salt , respectively?
a)CuSO4. 5H2O and CuCl2.4NH3 b)PtCl2.2NH3 and PtCl2. 4NH3
c)K2PtCl2. 2 NH3 and KAl(SO4)2.12H2O d)NiCl2.6H2O and NiCl2(H2O)4 (NEET-2024M)
13. Homoleptic complex from the following complex is: (NEET-2023)
a) Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II) b)Pentaamminecarbonatocobalt(III) chloride
c)Triamminetriaquachromium(III) chloride d)Potassium trioxalatoaluminate(III)
14. Assertion(A): N(CH3)3 and P(CH3)3 can act as ligands to form transition metal
complexces.
Reason(R): As N and P are from same group, the nature of bonding of N(CH 3)3 and
P(CH3)3 is always same with transition metals.
15. Which of the following are the examples of double salt?
A. FeSO4(NH4)2SO4.6H2O B.CuSO4 .4NH3. H2O C.K2SO4 .Al2(SO4)3 .24H2O [Link](CN)2 .4KCN
Choose the correct answer:
a) A, B and D only b) B and D only c)A, C, D only d)A and C only

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IUPAC NOMENCLATURE OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS:
The following rules are followed
1. If a co-ordination compound is ionic, the positive ion whether simple or complex is
named first followed by the –ve ion. The name is started with a small letter and the
complex part is written as one word.
2. Within a complex ion, the ligands are named first followed by the metal ion.
Naming of ligands:
a) Anionic ligands: The –ve ligands ending with –ide are named by replacing –ide with
-o or replacing –e by –o. The –ve ligands ending with –ate or –ite are named by
replacing –e with –o.
Symbol Name of ligand
Cl– Chlorido
Br– Bromido
F– Fluorido
I– Iodido
CN– Cyano
O2– Oxo
O22– Peroxo
OH– Hydroxo
S2– Sulphido
NH2– Amido
N3– Nitrido
P3– Phosphido
CO32– Carbonato
C2O42– Oxalato
SO42– Sulphato
NO3– Nitrato
SO32– Sulphito
CH3COO– Acetato
NO2– Nitritro-N
ONO– Nitrito-O
SCN– Thiocyanato

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 NCS– Isothiocyanato
H– Hydrido
NH2– Imido
S2O32– Thiosulphato.
dmg ion dimethylglyoxamato
b. Neutral ligands: There is no common ending for neutral ligands.
Formula Name of ligands
H2O aqua
NH3 ammine
CO carbonyl
No nitrosyl
CS thiocarbonyl
NS thionitrosyl
PH3 Phosphine
C2H5 Ethyl
CH3NH2 Methylamine
[C6H5]3P or Ph3P Triphenylphosphine
NH2CSNH2 Thiourea (tu)
C5H5N Pyridine (py)
en ethane -1,2-diamine
c. Positive ligands: Positive ligands end with suffix “–ium”
Symbol Name of Ligands
NO+ Nitrosonium
NH2–NH3+ Hydrazinium
3. When the same ligand is present more than one times then prefix di, tri, tetra etc.
are used before the name of ligand.
When the name of ligand includes a number then the prefix bis, tris, tetrakis are
used instead of di, tri, tetra. The name of ligand is written in parentheses.
e.g. [Co(en)3]Cl3
Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride.
4. When more than one ligands are present, they are named in alphabetical order.
e.g. [Cr(NH3)4Cl(NO2)]+
Tetraaminechloridonitritro-N-chromium(III) ion.
5. The oxidation state of the central metal is shown by Roman numerical in bracket
after its name.
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6. Complex positive ion and neutral compounds have no special ending but complex –
ve ion always end with suffix –ate.
7. In a polyatomic complex which contains two or more central metal ions. m
separated by hypen is written before the name of bridge groups.

Ex.1
bis(ethylenediamine)coball(III)- m-amido- m-hydroxobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)
sulphate.

Ex.2
Tetraaminecobalt (III)- m-amido – m-nitrito-N-tetraaminecobalt(III) ion.

Ex. 1. [PtBr Cl(NO2) NH3]

Amminebromidochloridonitritro-N-platinum(IV) ion
2. K3[Al(C2O4)3]
Potassium trioxalatoaluminate(III)
3. [(C2H5)4Ni] [ZnCl4]
Tetraethylnickel (II) tetrachlorido zincate(II)
4. [Pt Cl NO2(NH3)2] SO4
Diaminechloridonitrito-N-Platinum(IV) sulphate
5. [Co(NH3)5 ONO] Cl(SO4)
Pentaamine nitrito-O-cobalt(III) chloride sulphate
6. [Cr(NH)6][CoF6] - Hexaamminecromimm(III) hexafluoridocobaltate(iii)
7. [Pt(py)4][PtCl4] – Tetrapyridineplatinum(II) tetrachloridoplatinate(II)
Examples: Write IUPAC name of:
1. [Cr(NH3)4(ONO)Cl]NO3
2. [Co(NH3)4H2OCl]Cl
3. [Pt(NH3)6]Cl4
4. [Fe(H2O)4(C2O4)]2SO4.
5. [Cu(en)2]SO4
6. [CoCl2(en)2]SO4
7. [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3
8. [Cr{(C6H5)3P}(CO)5]
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 9. K4[Fe(CN)6]
10. K3[Cr(C2O4)3]
11. K3[Fe(CN)5NO]
12. Li[AlH4]
13. K4[Ni(CN)4]
14. [Co(NH3)5(CO3)]Cl
15. Hg[Co(NCS)4]
16. [Ni(CN)4]2–
17. K2[PtCl6]
18. [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]
19. [Pt(py)4][PtCl4]
20. [Pt(NH3)4][CuCl4]
21. [Cr(NH3)6][Co(C2O4)3]
22. [Fe(CO)5]
23. [Co(NO2)3(NH3)3]
24. [Ni(CO)4]
25. [Ni(en)3]Cl2
26. [Co(NH3)4Cl2] [Cr(CN)6] 27. [Ag(H2O)2][Ag(CN)2] (NEET-2022)
Formula Writing for Co-ordination Compounds:
The following rules are followed:
1. The formula of the Cation is written first followed by anion.
2. The formula of the coordinated sphere is written in square brackets.
3. Within the coordination sphere, the symbol of the metal atom is written first followed
by the symbols or formulas of the ligands arranged alphabatically.
4. The number of cations or anions written in the formula is calculated on the basis
that total positive charge must be equal to total negative charge as the complex is
neutral.
e.g.
1. ammonium diaminetetrathiocyanatochromate(III): NH4[Cr(NH3)2(CNS)4]
2. potassium pentacyanonitrosylferrate(III): K2[Fe(CN)5(NO)]
3. potassium pentachloridoammineplatinate(IV): K[PtCl5(NH3)]
4. tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(II) sulphate: [Co(en)3]SO4
5. dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) sulphate. [Co(Cl)2(en)2]2 SO4
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ASSIGNMENT-1:

1. Write IUPAC names of:

i). Na3[Cr(OH)4F4] ii) [Co(NH3)5ONO]Cl2 iii) K3[Cr(CN)6]

iv). [CoCl2(en)2]Cl v) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NO2)] vi) [Pt(NH3)3(NO)Cl2]Br2
vii). [Cr(NH3)6] [Co(CN)6] viii) [Co(CN)2(NH3)4]Cl ix) [Cr(NH3)5(NCS)] [ZnCl4]
x). K3[CrF6] xi) K3[Cr(C2O4)3] xii) [Pt(NH3)2(CO3)]Cl

xiii). Hg[Co(SCN)4] xiv) K3[Fe(C2O4)3] xv) K2[PdCl4]

xvi). [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NH2CH3)]Cl xvii) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 xviii) [NiCl4]2-

xix). [Ni(CO)4] xx) [Co(en)3]3+ xxi) [Ti(H2O)6]3+

xxii). [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 xxiii) [PtCl4]2- xiv) [Co(H2O)(CN)(en)2]Br2

xxv) [Cr(NH3)3Cl3] XXVI) K2[HgI4] xxvii)[PtBr2(PMe3)2]

2. Write structural formula for the following IUPAC names:

i) Tetrahydroxozincate(II) ion ii) Pentaamminenitrito-O-cobalt(III) ion

iii). Potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II) iv) Diamminedichloridoplatinum(II) ion

v). Potassium tetrachloridopalladate(II) vi) Hexamethyldialuminium(III)

vii). Trichloridotripyridinechromium(III) viii) Tetraammineaquachloridocobalt(III) chloride

ix). Potassiumtetrahydroxidozincate(II) x)Potassium diaquadioxalatochromate(III) trihydrate

xi). Dichloridobis(ethane 1,2- diamine)cobalt(III) sulphate xii) Tetracarbonylnickel(0)

xiii). Iron (III) hexacyanidoferrate (II) xiv) Dichloridobis(ehane-1,2-diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate

xv). Amminebromidochloridonitrito_N-platinate(II) xvi)Tri(ethane-1,2- diamine)chromium(III) chloride

3. What is a ligand? Give two examples of bidentate ligand.

4. Difference between double salt and complex compound.

5. Define chelating ligand. Give two examples

6. The formula of the complex dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate is:

(a)[PtCl2(en)2(NO3)2] (b) [PtCl2(en)2](NO3)2

(c) [PtCl2(en)2(NO3)]NO3 (d) [Pt(en)2(NO3)2]Cl2

7. Among the following, the most stable complex is:

(a) [Fe(C2O4)3]3- (b) [Fe(NH3)6]3+ (c) [Fe(H2O)6]3+ (d) [FeCl6]3-

8. Assertion(A): [Co(NH3)6]3+ is a homoleptic complex whereas [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ is a heteroleptic

complex.

Reason: Complex [Co(NH3)6]3+ has only one kind of ligands but [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ has more than one
kind of ligands. (NEET-2024)

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 9. The sum of coordination number and oxidation number of the metal M in the
complex[M(en)2(C2O4)]Cl is __________ (NEET-2015)

10. Explain the following terms giving a suitable example in each case:

i)Ambidentate ligand ii) denticity of a ligand.

Isomerism in coordination compounds:

Like organic compounds, coordination compounds show two types of isomerism like

A. Structural Isomerism
B. Stereo Isomerism
A. Structural Isomerism: It may be further classified into various types like
i) Ionisation Isomerism
ii) Hydrate isomerism
iii) Linkage isomerism
iv) Coordination isomerism
i) Ionisation Isomerism:
The compounds which have same composition but give different ions in solution
are called ionization isomers.
e.g. i) [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 & [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br
ii) [Pt(NH3)4(OH)2]SO4 & [Pt(NH3)4SO4](OH)2
iii) [Pt(NH3)4Cl2]Br2 & [Pt(NH3)4Br2]Cl2
iv) [Co(NH3)5NO3]SO4 & [Co(NH3)5SO4]NO3
2. Hydrate Isomerism:
The compounds which have same composition but differ in the no of solvent
molecules present as ligands are called hydrate or solvate isomers.
e.g. i) [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3, [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2. H2O, [Cr(H2O)4Cl2] Cl.2H2O
ii) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2 & [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl.H2O
iii) [CoCl(NH3)4(H2O)]Br2 & [Co(NH3)4Br2]Cl.H2O
The last two are also called ionization isomers.
3. Linkage isomerism:
The compounds containing ambidentate ligands i.e. mondentate ligand having
more than one donor atoms show linkage isomerism.
Eg. i) [Co(NH3)5NO2]Cl2 & [Co(NH3)5ONO]Cl2
ii) [Cr(H2O) 5(SCN)]SO4 & [Cr(H2O)5(NCS)]SO4
iii)[Co(NH3)2(NO2)2(Py)2]NO2 & [Co(NH3)2(ONO)2(Py)2]NO2

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4. Co-ordination isomenism:
The compounds which contain both cationic and anionic complexes but differ in the
distribution of ligands in the cation and the anion are called coordination isomers.
e.g.
i) [Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6] & [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]
ii) [Cr(NH3)6][Co(C2O4)3] & [Co(NH3)6][Cr(C2O4)3]
iii) [Co(en)3][Cr(CN)6] & [Cr(en)3][Co(CN)6]
Stereo Isomerism: It is of two types like
i) Geometrical isomerism ii) Stereo isomerism
i) Geometrical isomerism:

This type of isomerism occurs in square planer and octahedral complexes due to different
arrangement of ligands around central atom. The geometrical isomerism is not possible in
complexes having co-ordination no 2 and 3 and in tetrahedral complexes with coordination
no 4 as in tetrahedral complexes all the positions are identical with each other.

Square planer complexes: It is of different types like:

1. MA2B2 type: M=Central metal atom

A,B,C=Monodentate ligands

Ex. [Pt(NH3)2Cl2],

2. [MA2BC] type:

Ex. [Pt(NH3)Cl(py)2]

3. [M(AB)2] type: AB= Unsymmetrical bidentate ligand

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 Ex. [Pt(gly)2] Gly=NH2CH2COO-

4. [MABCD] type: It forms 3 geometrical isomers

Ex. [Pt(NH3)(Br)Cl(Py)]

Octahedral complexes: It is of different types like

1. [MA4B2] or [MA2B4] type:

Ex. [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]+

2. [M(AA)2B2] or [M(AA)2BC] type]: AA=Symmetrical bidentate ligand.

Ex. [Co(en)2Cl2]+

3. [MA3B3]type

Ex. RhCl3(Py)3]

Note: I) Here the cis isomer is also called fac- isomer or facial isomer because the similar
groups are occupy adjacent positions at the corners of one of the octahedral face.

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 II) The trans isomer is also called mer- or meridional isomer because the 3 similar
groups are around the median of the octahedron.

III) The octahedral complexes of type [M(AA)B2C2] and [MABCDEF] type also show
geometrical isomerism. [M(AA)B2C2] have 3 geometrical isomers while [MABCDEF] have
15 geometrical isomers.

IV) Octahedral complexes of type [MA6] and [MA5B] don’t show geometrical
isomerism.

ii). Optical lsomerism:

The two optical isomers are non- superimposable mirror images of each other. They donot
have any plane of symmetry. The optical isomers are called dextro or laevo. Optical
isomers are shown in octahedral complexes. It is of different types like
1. [M(AA)3] type:
Ex. [Co(en)3]3+ , [Cr(ox)3]3+

2. [M(AA)2B2] type or [M(AA)2BC] type: This type of complex forms geometrical isomers.
The cis isomer shows optical isomerism.
EX. trans- [CoCl2(en)2]+

3 [M(AA)B2C2] type:
EX: [Co(en)(NH3)2Cl2]

Note: a. Octahedral complexes containing hexadentate ligands like [Co(edta)] - also

show optical isomerism.

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 b. The tetrahedral complexes containing unsymmetrical bidentate ligands like
[Ni(CH2NH2COO)2] shows optical isomerism.
PQ:

16. What kind of isomerism exists between [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 and [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O

(a) Linkage isomerism (b) solvate isomerism

(c) Ionisation isomerism (d)Coordination isomerism

17. Identify the optically active compound from the following:

(a)[Co(H2O)6]3+ (b)trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]+ (c) [Co(en)2Cl2]+ (d)[Co(xNH3)4Cl2]

18. Which of the following complexes doesn’t show linkage isomerism?

(a)[Co(NH3)5(NO2)]2+ (b)[Co(H2O)5CO]3+ (c)[Cr(NH3)5SCN]2+ (d)[Fe(en)2(CN)2]2+

19. Indicate the complex ion which shows geometrical isomerism.

(a)[Pt(NH3)3Cl] (b)[Cr(H2O)4Cl2] (c)[Co(NH3)6]3+ (d)[Co(CN)5(NC)]3-

20. Number of possible isomers for the complex [Co(en)2Cl2]Cl will be:

(a) 3 (b)4 (c)2 (d)1

21. How many geometrical isomerism is possible in the following coordination entities:

(a) [CoCl3(NH3)3] (b)[Co(NH3)2Cl2(en)]+ (c)[Pt(NH3)(Br)(Cl)(py)] (d) [Cr(C2O4)3]3-

22. Assertion(A): tetrahedral complexes do not show geometrical isomerism.

Reason(R ): The relative positions of ligands attached to central metal atom in a

tetrahedral complex is same with respect to each other.

[Link](A): Trans [CrCl2(ox)2]3- shows optical isomerism

Reason(R ): Optical isomerism is common in octahedral complexes involving bidentate

ligands.

24. Number of stereoisomers possible for the complexes, [CrCl3(Py)3] and [CrCl2(Ox)2]3-
are respectively: (JEE-M-2025)

a)3 and 3 b)2 and 3 c)1 and 2 d)2 and 2

25. The metal atom present in the complex MABXL(Where A,B,X,L are m=unidentate
ligands and M is metal) involve sp3 hybridisation. The number of geometrical isomers
exhibited by the complex is:

a)0 b)2 c)3 d)4

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26. Which one of the following complexes shows optical isomerism?

a) cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl b) trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl c) [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl d) [Co(NH3)3Cl3]Cl

Werner’s theory of coordination compounds:

Alfred Werner in 1893 proposed this theory to explain the nature of bonding in
coordination compounds. The main postulates of this theory are:

1. Metals possess two types of valences called

i) Primary or ionisable valency

ii) Secondary or non ionisable valency

i) Primary valency: The metals exhibit primary valencies in the formation of the simple
salts. The primary valency is also called oxidation state.

Ex. In CuSO4 the primary valency is 2.

In PtCl4 the primary valency is 4 etc.

ii) Secondary valency: The metals exhibits secondary valencies in the formation of
complex ion. The secondary valency is also called coordination no. Every metal
atom has a fixed no of secondary valency.

Ex. In [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 the secondary valency of Cu(II) is 4

In [Pt(NH3)6]Cl4 the s.v. of Pt(IV) is 6.

2. Every metal atom has a tendency to satisfy both its primary and secondary
valencies. Primary valencies are satisfied by negative ions but secondary valencies
are satisfied by negative ions and neutral molecules called ligands.

3. The ligands which satisfy the secondary valencies are directed towards fixed
positions in space and give a definite geometry to the complex but the primary
vakencies are non directional.

Ex. When secondary valency is 6 then complex has octahedral geometry, when
secondary valency is 4 then complex has square planer or tetrahedral geometry.

Explanation: CoCl3 and NH3 react to form different complexes like [Co(NH3)6]Cl3,
[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl, [Co(NH3)3Cl3]. The ionisable chloride ions are linked
by primary valencies while the remaning Cl and NH3 molecules which present around
the central atom are linked by secondary [Link] structure of the complexes are:

16 | P a g e
 The dotted line represents primary valencies and the solid line represents secondary
valencies. Both solid and dotted line indicates the atom satisfy both primary and
secondary valency.

Formula of complex: No of ions produced:

[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 4

[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 3

[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl 2

[Co(NH3)3Cl3] 0

Similarly complexes formed from Pt(IV)Cl2 and NH3 in aq. Solutions are:

[Pt(NH3)6]Cl4 ⎯⎯
→ [Pt(NH3)6]4+ + 4Cl- (no of ions=5)

[Pt(NH3)5Cl]Cl3 ⎯⎯
→ [Pt(NH3)5Cl]3+ + 3Cl- (no of ions=4)

[Pt(NH3)4Cl2]Cl2 ⎯⎯
→ [Pt(NH3)4Cl2]2+ + 2Cl- (no of ions=3)

[Pt(NH3)3Cl3]Cl ⎯⎯
→ [Pt(NH3)3Cl3]+ + Cl- (no of ions=2)

[Pt(NH3)2Cl4] ⎯⎯
→ No ions are formed (no of ions=0)
Observations:
i) The properties of the complex compound are different from the properties of central
metal ion and of the ligands.
ii) The anions which act as ligands lose their ionic character and don’t form ions in
aqueous solution.
Limitations: It fails to explain
1. Why the complex has definite geometry.
2. Why only certain elements form coordination compounds
3. Why coordination compounds possess definite magnetic and optical properties.
ASSIGNMENT-2:
11. Arrange the following complexes in the increasing order of their conductivity of their solution:

[Co(NH3)6Cl3], [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Cr(NH3)5Cl]Cl2

12. Write the IUPAC name of the ionization isomer of [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4

13. Why tetrahedral complexes don’t exhibit geometrical isomerism?

17 | P a g e
 14. Draw the two geometrical isomers of [Co(NH3)3(NO2)3]. In which case they called fac and mer
isomer?

15. Define solvate and coordination isomerism with suitable example.

16. Give evidence that [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4 and [Co(NH3)5SO4]Cl are ionization isomers.

17. Indicate the types of isomerism exhibited by the following complexes

i). K[Cr(H2O)2(C2O4)2] ii) [Co(en)3]Cl3 iii) [Co(NH3)5(NO2)](NO3)2 iv) [Pt(NH3)(H2O)Cl2]

18. FeSO4 solution mixed with (NH4)2SO4 solution in 1:1 molar ratio gives the test of Fe 2+ ion but CuSO4
solution mixed with aqueous ammonia in 1:4 molar ratios doesn’t give the test of Cu 2+ ion. Explain
why?

19. Aqueous CuSO4 solution which blue in colour gives:

i) A green ppt with aqueous potassium fluoride and

ii) A bright green solution with aqueous potassium chloride. Explain these experimental
results.

20. A coordination compound has the formula CoCl3. 4NH3. It doesn’t liberate ammonia but precipitate
chloride ion as AgCl. Give the IUPAC name of the complex and write the structural formula.

21. CoSO4Cl.5NH3 exists in two isomeric forms A and B. Isomer A reacts with AgNO 3 to give white
precipitate, but doesn’t react with BaCl2. Isomer B gives white precipitate with BaCl2 but doesn’t
react with AgNO3. Answer the following questions:

i) Identify A and B and write their structural formulas

ii) Name the type of isomerism involved

iii) Give the IUPAC names of A and B

22. When 1 mol of CrCl3.6H2O is treated with excess of AgNO3, 3 mol of AgCl are formed, then what is
the formula of the complex?

23. When 0.1 mol of CoCl3. 5NH3 is treated with excess of AgNO3, 0.2 mol of AgCl are obtained. What
is formula of the complex and on dissociation it gives how many ions.

24. An excess of AgNO3 is added to 100ml of a 0.01M solution of dichlorotetraaquachromium(III)

chloride. The number of moles of AgCl precipitated would be ____________.

25. The total no of possible isomers for the complex [Cu(NH 3)4] [Pt(Cl4] are:

(a) 3 (b)4 (c)2 (d)1

26. What is the primary and secondary valency of Ag in Tollen’s reagent?

27. One mole of the octahedral complex compound Co(NH3)5 Cl3 gives 3 moles of ions on dissolution in
water. One mole of same complex reacts with excess of AgNO 3 solution to yield two moles of
AgCl(s). What is the structure of the complex?

18 | P a g e
 28. Correct formula of the compound which gives a white ppt with BaCl2 solution, but
not with AgNO3 solution, is:

a) [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 b) [Co(NH3)5 SO4] c) [Pt(NH3)4Cl2]Br2 d) [Pt(NH3)4Br2]Cl2

29. The primary and secondary valencies of cobalt respectively in [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 are
_________ and ____________ respectively.

30. The correct order(ratio) of stochiometries of AgCl formed when AgNO3 in excess is
treated with the complex: CoCl3. 6NH3, CoCl3.5NH3, CoCl3. 4NH3 respectively is
_______________. (NEET-2017)

31. Name the different types of isomerism exhibits by the complex: [Co(NH3)4(NO2)2]Cl.

Valence bond theory(VBT): This theory was proposed by Pauling in 1931 which
explains the geometry and magnetic nature of complexes. The postulates of this theory
are:
1. A metal ligind bond is formed by the donation of paired of electron by ligands to the
metal atom or ion.
2. In order to accommodate these electrons the metal atom must possess required no
of vacant orbital of equal energy.
3. The metal atom or ion under the influence of ligands can use (n-1)d ,ns , np or
ns,np,nd orbitals for hybridisarion to form a set of equivalent orbitals.
4. These hybrid orbitals overlap with ligand orbitals which donate electron pairs for
bonding to form M- L bonds.
5. These bonds have equal strength and directional in nature which give definite
geometry to the complex.
Hybridisation Shape
sp3 Tetrahedral
dsp2 Square planer
sp3d/dsp3 Trigonal bipyramidal
sp3d2 Octahedral
d2sp3 Octahedral
6. If the complex contains unpaired electron then it is paramagnetic in nature and if it
doesn’t contains unpaired electron then it is diamagnetic in nature.
1. Octahedral complexes:
a) Inner orbital complexes/Spin paired complex: When the complex involves inner
(n-1)d orbitals for hybridization along with ns orbital (i.e. d2sp3) then it is called inner
orbital complex or low spin complex or hyperligated complex. These complexes
may be diamagnetic or contain lesser no of unpaired electrons.
a. [Cr(NH3)6]3+

19 | P a g e
 So in [Cr(NH3)6]3+

i) Hybridisation-d2sp3

ii) Shape – octahedral

iii) Magnetic nature – paramagnetic.

b. [Fe(CN)6]4-

So in [Fe(CN)6]4-

i) Hybridisation-d2sp3

ii) Shape – octahedral

iii) Magnetic nature – Diamagnetic.

Other inner orbital complexes are [Fe(CN)6]3- , [Co(NH3)6]3+,[Co(H2O)6]3+, [Co(CN)6]3-,

[Co(CN)6]4-, [Cr(C2O4)3]3-, Cr(H2O)6]3+, [Cr(ox)3]3-, [V(H2O)6]3+ , [Mn(CN)6]3-etc.

b) Outer orbital complexes/Spin free complex: when the complex involves outer nd
orbitals for hybridization along with ns-orbital ( i.e. sp3d2+) then it is called outer
orbital complex or high spin complex or hypoligated complex. These complexes
contain large no of unpaired electrons and hence strongly paramagnetic in nature.

Ex: [CoF6]3-

20 | P a g e
So in [CoF6]3-

i) Hybridisation-sp3d2

ii) Shape – octahedral

iii) Magnetic nature – Highly paramagnetic.

Other outer orbital complexes are [FeF6]3- , [Fe(H2O)6]3+, [Fe(H2O)6]2+, [Fe(NH3)6]2+

,[MnCl6]3-, [Ni(H2O)6]2+, [Ni(NH3)6]2+ etc.

Note: i)The magnetic moment of the coordination compound is given as

 = n(n + 2) BM where n= no of unpaired electron.

From magnetic moment no of unpaired electron can be determined from which the
hybridization can be determined.

Ex: [Fe(CN)6]3- has magnetic moment of one unpaired electron while [FeF6]3- has
magnetic moment of 5 unpaired electron. So in [Fe(CN)6]3- the hybridization is d2sp3 while
in [FeF6]3- the hybridization is sp3d2.

ii)C2O42- and H2O are weak field ligands but for Co3+ they act as strong field ligands. NH3
is a strong field ligand but for Fe2+ it acts as weak field ligand. F- is a wek field ligand but
for Ni4+ it acts as strong field ligand.

1. Tetrahedral complexes: In tetrahedral complexes the hybridization of metal atom

or ion is sp3.

Ex: [Ni(CO)4]

So in [Ni(CO)4],

21 | P a g e
Hybridisation-sp3, Shape – Tetrahedral ,Magnetic nature –Diamagnetic.

Other tetrahedral complexes are [Zn(NH3)4]2+, [NiCl4]2-, [CuCl4]2-

[Link] planer complexes: In square planer complexes the hybridization is dsp2

Ex: 1. [Ni(CN)4]2-

So in [Ni(CN)4]2-

i) Hybridisation-dsp2

ii) Shape – square planer

iii) Magnetic nature –Diamagnetic.

2. [Cu(NH3)4]2+

So in [Cu(NH3)4]2+

i) Hybridisation-dsp2

ii) Shape – square planer

iii) Magnetic nature –paramagnetic.

Similarly [Pt(CN)4]2- have dsp2 hybridisation.

4. Trigonal bipyramidal complexes: In this case the hybridization of the central

metal atom or ion is dsp3.

Ex. [Fe(CO)5]

22 | P a g e
 So in . [Fe(CO)5]

i) Hybridisation-sp3d

ii) Shape –trigonal bipyramidal iii) Magnetic nature –Diamagnetic.

Drawbacks of VBT:

1. It doesn’t explain the colour exhibited by coordination compound

2. It doesn’t distinguish between weak and strong ligands.

3. It doesn’t give a quantitative interpretation of kinetic and thermodynamic stability of

coordination compounds.

4. It involves a no of assumptions.

PQ:

[Link](A): [Ni(CN)4]2- is square planer and diamagnetic

Reason(R ): It has no unpaired electrons due to presence of strong ligands.
27Assertion(A): [Ni(CO)4] has square planer geometry and [Ni(CN)4]2- has tetrahedral geometry.
Reason(R ): Geometry of any complex depends on nature of ligands attached.
28. Assertion(A):[FeF6]3- is a low spin complex.
Reason(R ): Low spin complexes have lesser no of unpaired electrons.
29. Assertion(A):[Fe(CN)6]3- ion shows magnetic moment corresponds to two unpaired electrons.
Reason(R ): [Fe(CN)6]3- has d2sp3 type hybridisation.
30. Assertion(A): [Cr(H2O)6]Cl2 and [Fe(H2O)6]Cl2 are reducing in nature.
Reason(R ): Unpaired electrons are present in their d-orbitals.
[Link] out the correct statement with respect to [Mn(CN) 6]3-
(a)It is sp3d2- hybridized and octahedral (b) It is sp3d2- hybridized and tetrahedral
(c) It is d2sp3- hybridized and octahedral (d)It is dsp2 hybridized and square planer
32. Predict the number of unpaired electrons responsible for the paramagnetic nature of the following
complex: [Fe(CN)6]3-, [FeF6]3-, [CoF6]3-, [Mn(CN)6]3- (JEE-M-2025)
33. What is the hybridization and magnetic property of [MnCl6]3-?
34. Assertion(A): [Ni(CN)4]2- is sqare planer and diamagnetic complex, with dsp2 hybridisation for Ni but
[Ni(CO)4] is tetrahedral, paramagnetic and with sp3-hybridisation for Ni.

23 | P a g e
Reason: [NiCl4]2- and [Ni(CO)4] both have same d-electron configuration have same geometry and are
paramagnetic.
35. Assertion(A): In CuSO4.5H2O, Cu-O bonds are present
Reason(R):In CuSO4. 5H2O, ligands coordinating with Cu(II) ion are O- and S- based ligands.
Crystal field theory(CFT)

It was given by Hans Bethe and John Van Vleck and it explains more satisfactorily the
bonding and properties of complexes. The main postulates are:

1. The CFT considers the metal ligand bond to be ionic arising from electrostatic
interaction between the metal ion and the ligands.

2. Ligands are considered as point charges for anions or dipoles for neutral
molecules.

3. It considers the effect of ligands on the relative energies of d- orbitals of the central
metal atom. In isolated atom the 5 d- orbitals have same energies and are called
degenerate orbitals. But due to presence of ligands the degeneracy is split which
results splitting of the orbitals.

4. The pattern of splitting depends on nature of the crystal field.

Crystal field splitting in octahedral complex:

i) In octahedral complexes there is repulsion between the electrons of d- orbitals of

metal atom and the electrons of 6 ligands.

ii) The repulsion is not same for all the d- orbitals. The d- orbitals like dx2-y2, dz2 which
are directed along the axis in the direction of ligands will experiences more
repulsion while the d -orbitals like dxy, dyz, dzx which are directed between the
axis will experiences less repulsion. So the energies of dx2-y2, dz2 are more than
the dxy, dyz, dzx orbitals.

24 | P a g e
 iii) The orbitals which have less energy like dxy, dyz, dzx are called t2g orbitals and
which have more energy like dx2-y2, dz2 are called eg orbitals.

iv) The splitting of d orbitals into two set of orbitals is represented as

The total energy in initial state=10E
Total energy in final state= (E + x) x 4 + (E-y) x 6
= 10 E +4x -6y
v) The difference in energy between the two set of orbitals i.e. eg and t2g is called
crystal field stabilization energy or crystal field splitting energy (  0 )
The total energy in initial state=10E
Total energy in final state= (E + x) x 4 + (E-y) x 6
= 10 E +4x -6y
In both the cases the total energy remains same,
So, 10E = 10E + 4x -6y
So, x = 3/2y, x + y =  O ,So, 3/2y + y =  O , Or, y = 2/5  O =0.4  O

X = 3/2 X 2/5  O = 3/5  O = 0.6  O

3
vi) It has been found that the eg orbitals are  0 above the average energy level and
5
2
t2g orbitals are  0 below the average energy level.
5

vii) For a given metal ion the value of CFSE depends on nature of ligand. The ligands
which produce strong fields produce large splitting and has more CFSE. The
ligands which produce weak fields produce less splitting and has less CFSE.
25 | P a g e
 viii)The arrangement of ligands in order of their CFSE values is known as
spectrochemical series. The increasing order of CFSE is

I-<Br- < S2- <SCN-< Cl-< F- < OH-< C2O42-<H2O<NH3< en<NO2-<CN-<CO

The ligands with small value of  0 are called weak ligands and which has large

value of  0 are called ligands.

Calculation of CFSE:

I) Each electron occupying t2g orbitals results in lowering of energy by -0.4  0 and

occupying eg orbitals results in increase of energy by +0.6  0

So CFSE =-0.4x +0.6y

Where x=number of electrons occupying t2g orbitals.

y=number of electrons occupying eg orbitals.

II) The distribution of electrons of d1 ,d2 d3,d8,d9 and d10 in t2g and eg sets is the same
for both strong and weak field ligands.

d1 ⎯⎯ → CFSE= -0.4  0
→ t2g1 eg0 ⎯⎯

d2 ⎯⎯
→ t2g2 eg0 ⎯⎯
→ CFSE= -0.8  0

d3 ⎯⎯ → CFSE= -1.2  0
→ t2g3 eg0 ⎯⎯

d8 ⎯⎯ → CFSE= -0.4(6) +0.6(2)= -1.2  0

→ t2g6 eg2 ⎯⎯

d9 ⎯⎯
→ t2g6 eg3 ⎯⎯
→ CFSE= -0.4(6) +0.6(3)=-0.6  0

d10 ⎯⎯
→ t2g1 eg4 ⎯⎯
→ CFSE= -0.4(6)+0.6(4) =0
III) The distribution of electrons in d4, d5 ,d6, d7 complex depends on strength of the
crystal field. For strong field ligands CFSE  P(pairing energy). So the t2g orbitals
are first completely filled and they form inner orbital complex or low spin
complex. For weak field ligands CFSE<P, so the t2g orbitals and eg orbitals are
first singly filled and then pairing occurs.
For low spin complex:
d4 ⎯⎯ → CFSE=4(-0.4)= -1.6  0
→ t2g4 eg0 ⎯⎯

d5 ⎯⎯
→ t2g5 eg0 ⎯⎯
→ CFSE=5(-0.4)= -2  0

d6 ⎯⎯ → CFSE=6(-0.4)= -2.4  0
→ t2g6 eg ⎯⎯

d7 ⎯⎯ → CFSE=6(-0.4)+1(0.6)= -1.8  0
→ t2g6 eg1 ⎯⎯
For high spin complex:
d4 ⎯⎯
→ t2g3 eg1 ⎯⎯
→ CFSE=3(-0.4)+0.6= -0.6  0

26 | P a g e
 d5 ⎯⎯
→ t2g3 eg2 ⎯⎯
→ CFSE=3(-0.4)+2(0.6)= 0
d6 ⎯⎯ → CFSE=4(-0.4)+2(0.6)= -0.4  0
→ t2g4 eg2 ⎯⎯

d7 ⎯⎯ → CFSE=5(-0.4)+2(0.6)= -0.8  0
→ t2g5 eg2 ⎯⎯
Note: The coordination entity with 4 to 7 d electrons are more stable for strong field
ligands. The coordination entity with 8 to 10 and 1to 3 d electrons are more stable with
outer orbital complex.
Crystal field splitting in tetrahedral complex:

The splitting pattern of tetrahedral complexes is opposite to splitting of octahedral

complex. In tetrahedral complexes the ligands approach to the metal atom between
the axis.

The CFSE of tetrahedral complexes is less than octahedral complex.

4
The relation is,  t =  o , t = CFSE for tetrahedral complex
9

Tetrahedral complexes don’t form low spin complexes due to lower CFSE value as the
splitting is less and t  P .

27 | P a g e
Colour in Coordination compounds:

The colour of complexes is due to absorption of light in visible region of spectrum and
radiation of complementary colour. The energy is absorbed by electrons present in d-
orbitals and they get excited to higher energy d- orbitals (eg set) from lower energy d
orbitals(t2g set). In higher energy state electrons are unstable and they radiate energy and
come back to lower energy state i.e. eg set.

Colour of light absorbed Complementary colour

Yellow violet

Blue green Red

Blue Yellow orange

UV Blue

Blue green Purple

Note: 1. The colour changes with change in coordination number and nature of ligands.

Ex. a. [Co(H2O)6]2+ - Pink colour but [CoCl4]2- -Blue colur

b.[Ni(H2O)6]2+ when changes to [Ni(NH3)6]3+ the colour changes to blue.

c.[Co(NH3)6]3+ is yellow orange but [Co(CN)6]3- is yellow.

2. The colour changes with change in oxidation state.

Ex. a. [Cr(H2O)6]4+ is violet but [Cr(H2O)6]2+ is bright blue.

b.[Ti(H2O)6]3+ is purple but [Ti(H2O)6]4+ is colourless

3. The complex [Cu(H2O)4]+, [Sc(H2O)4]3+ , [Zn(H2O)4]2+, [V(H2O)2]2+ are colour less due
to absence of unpaired electrons in d- orbitals.

Limitations of CFT:
i) The assumptions that ligands are point charges is not practically true because
anionic ligands should have strong field but many of them are weak.
ii).It doesn’t take into account the covalent character of bonding between the ligand
and the central atom.
Factors affecting stability of a complex ion:
i) Charge on the central metal ion: greater is the charge on the central metal ion,
greater is the stability of the complex.
Ex. complexes with trivalent central metal ion are more stable than those with
divalent metal ion.

28 | P a g e
 ii) Basic nature of the ligand: Greater the basic strength of the ligand , greater is the
stability of the complex.
iii) Presence of chelate rings: formation of chelate rings increases the stability of the
complex.
iv) Nature of the metal ion: transition metals of gr-1 to 6 form stable complexes with ligands
having donor atom F, N,O. but the transition metals of gr-7 and onwards form stable
complexes with the heavier elements of N,O, and F family.
Bonding in metal carbonyls:
Most of the transition metals form homoleptic complexes with CO like [Ni(CO)4],
[Fe[CO)5], [Cr(CO)6].[Mn2(CO)10] etc.
The metal carbon bond possess both sigma and pi bond character which creates
synergic effect that strengthen the bond between CO and the metal. As CO have
vacant orbitals of ABMO which can accept the electrons donated by the metal atom, so
it can forms multiple bond.
Application of coordination compounds:
A. In biological systems:
i) The chlorophyll which is responsible for photosynthesis in plants is a
coordination compound of magnesium,
ii) Hemoglobin which acts as oxygen carrier in blood is a coordination
compound of iron.
iii) Vitamin B12 which chemically called cyanocobalamine is a coordination
compound of cobalt.
B. In analytical chemistry: Coordination compounds have application in both
qualitative and quantitative analysis of basic radicals.
Ex. i. EDTA is used as a complexing agent in volumetric analysis of metal ions
like Ca2+,Mg2+ and Zn2+
[Link] dection of Ni2+is based on the formation of a scarlet complex with
dimethylglyoxime.
iii.Fe3+ is detected by formation of a blood red coloured complex with KSCN
C. In Extraction of metals : The noble metals like silver and gold are extracted from
their ores through the formation of cyanide complex. From cyanide complex the
metals Ag, Au are precipitated by adding more electropositive zinc metals.

⎯⎯
→ Na[Ag(CN)2]
Ag2S + NaCN ⎯
⎯

⎯⎯
→ Na2[Zn(CN)4]+ 2Ag
Na[Ag(CN)2]+ Zn ⎯
⎯

D. In medicinal chemistry:
1. EDTA complex with calcium is used for the treatment of lead poisoning.

29 | P a g e
 2. The platinum complex [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] known as cis- platin is used in the treatment of
cancer.
3. BAL( British anti lewisite ) in which the chelating agent is HSCH2CH(SH)CH2OH is
used for the treatment of arsenic poisoning gas like lewisite.
E. As catalysts:
Coordination compounds used as catalysts in many reaction
Ex. Wilkinson Catalyst having formula [RhCl(Ph3P)] is used for selective
hydrogenation of alkenes.
PQ:

36. Write the following complexes in the increasing order of CFSE:

[Co(NH3)4]2+, [Co(NH3)6]2+, [Co(NH3)6]3+, [Co(en)3]3+
37. Identify the homoleptic complex(es) that is/are low spin:
A) [Fe(CN)5NO]2- B)[CoF6]3- C)[Fe(CN)6]4- D)[Co(NH3)6]3+ E)[Cr(H2O)6]2+
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a)C and D only b)C only c)A ad c only d)B and E only

38. In which of the following complexes the CFSE,  O will be equal to zero?

A) K3[Fe(SCN)6] B)[Fe(en)3]Cl3 C)[Fe(NH3)6]Br2 D)K4[Fe(CN)6]

39. Calculate the spin only magnetic moment of the complexes given:

[Cr(NH3)6]3+, [NiCl4]2-, [CoF6]3-, [Ni(CN)4]2-

40. Number of complexes with even no of electrons in t2g orbitals is:

[Fe(H2O)6]2+, [Co(H2O)6]2+, [Co(H2O)6]3+, [Cu(H2O)6]2+, [Cr(H2O)6]2+

A) 3 B)2 C)1 D)5

41. The number of complexes from the following with no electrons in the t 2 orbital is
_____. TiCl4, [MnO4]-,[FeO4]2-, [FeCl4]-, [CoCl4]2-
a) 4 b)2 c)3 d)1
42. The correct order of ligands arranged in increasing field strength:

a)F-<Br-<I-<NH3 b)H2O<OH-<CN-<NH3 c)Br-<F-<H2O<NH3 d)Cl-<OH-<Br-<CN-

43. If an iron(III) complex with the formula [Fe(NH3)x(CN)y]- has no electron in its eg
orbital, then the value of x+y is:
a)6 b)4 c)3 d)5
44. The no of unpaired d-electrons in [Co(H2O)6]3+ is ___________. (JEE-M-2024)
45. Assertion(A): Dimethylglyoxime forms a six-membered covalent chelate when
treated with NiCl2 solution in presence of NH4OH.
30 | P a g e
 Reason(R):Prussian blue ppt contains iron both in +2 and +3 oxidation states.
46. Assertion(A): A solution of [Ni(H2O)6]2+ is green in colour.

Reason(R): A solution of [Ni(CN)4]2- is colourless

47. A reagent which gives brilliant red ppt with Nickel ions in basic medium is:

a)dimethyl glyoxime b)sodium nitropruside c)meta-dinitrobenzene d)neutral FeCl3

48. Write the electronic configuration of Metal ion in the following complexes:

[Cr(H2O)6]3+, [Fe(H2O)6]3+, [Ni(H2O)6]2+, [V(H2O)6]3+

49. Which of the following compounds show colour due to d-d transition?

a)K2Cr2O7 b)CuSO4.5H2O c)KMnO4 d)K2CrO4

50. Which of the following complex will show largest splitting of d-orbitals?
a)[Fe(C2O4)3]3- b)[Fe(CN)6]3- c)[Fe(NH3)6]3+ d)[FeF6]3-
51. To inhibit the growth of tumors, identify the compounds used from th e following:
A)EDTA B)Coorination compounds of Pt C) D-Penicilliamine D)Cis-platin
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A)A and B only B)C and D only C)B and D only D)A and C only
52. Which of the following is correct order of ligand field strength?
a)S2-<C2O42-<NH3<en<CO b)CO<en<NH3<C2O42-<S2-
c)S2-<NH3<en<CO<C2O42- d)NH3<en<CO<S2-<C2O42-
53. Low oxidation state of metal in their complexes are common when ligands:
a)have good  -accepting character b) have good  -donor character

c) have good  -donating ability d) have poor  -donating ability

54. The correct order of energy of absorption for the following metal complexces is:

A:[Ni(en)3]2+, B:[Ni(NH3)6]2+, C:[Ni(H2O)6]2+

a) C<B<A b)B<C<A c)C<A<B d)A<C<B

55. The compound used in the treatment of lead poisoning is ____________.

56. The degenerate orbitals of [Cr(H2O)6]3+ are:

a) dx2-y2 and dxy b)dxz, dxy c)dyz and dz2 d)dx2-y2 and dxy

57. The metal d-orbitals that are directly facing the ligands in K3[Co(CN)6] are

a) dx2-y2 and dz2 b)dxz, dxyand dyz c)dyz and dz2 d)dx2-y2 and dxy

58. The correct order of the wavelength of light absorbed by the following complexces is:

A. [Co(NH3)6]3+ B. [Co(CN)6]3- C. [Cu(H2O)4]2+ D. [Ti(H2O)6]3+

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a) C<D<A<B b)C<A<D<B c)B<D<A<C d)B<A<D<C

59. Assertion(A): The metal carbon bond in metal carbonyls possesses both  and  character.

Reason(R): The ligand to mtal bond is a  -bond and metal to ligand bond is a  -bond.

60. Write the electronic configuration of the central atom in K4[Fe(CN)6] based on crystal field.

ASSIGNMENT-3:
32. The spin only magnetic moment of [MnBr4]2- is 5.9 BM. Predict the geometry of the complex ion?

33. Explain on the basis of valence bond theory that [Ni(CN) 4]2- ion with square planer structure is
diamagnetic and the [NiCl4]2- ion with tetrahedral geometry is paramagnetic.

34. [NiCl4]2- is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic though both are tetrahedral. Why?

35. [Fe(H2O)]3+ is strongly paramagnetic whereas [Fe(CN) 6]3- is weakly paramagnetic. Explain.

36. Explain [Co(NH3)6]3+ is an inner orbital complex where as [Ni(NH 3)6]2+ is an outer orbital complex.

37. Predict the no of unpaired electrons in the square planer [Pt(CN) 4]2- ion.

38. The hexaaquamanganese(II) ion contains five unpaired electrons., while the hexacyano ion contains
only one unpaired electron. Explain using crystal field theory.

39. Describe the type of hybridization, stereochemistry and magnetic property of

i) [Fe(H2O)6]2+, ii) [Co(NH3)6]3+ iii) [NiCl4]2- iv) [PtCl4]2-

40. Predict the shape and magnetic character of each of the following:

i) [Cr(NH3)6]3+, ii) [Cr(CO)6]

41. What is meant by chelate effect? Give an example.

42. What is i) spectrochemical series ii) crystal field splitting energy

43. What is meant by stability of a coordination compound in solution? State the factors which govern
stability of a complexes?

44. Explain the following cases giving appropriate reasons:

I) Nickel(II) doesn’t form low spin complexes.

II) The  -complexes are known for transition metals only.

III) CO a stronger ligand than Cl-?

IV) Low spin tetrahedral complexes not formed?

45. Write the name, stereochemistry, and magnetic behavior of the following:

i) K4[Mn(CN)6] ii)[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 iii) K2[Ni(CN)4]

46. Arrange the following complexes in the increasing order of their conductivity of their solution:

[Co(NH3)6Cl3], [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Cr(NH3)5Cl]Cl2

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 47. Give the electronic configuration of the following complexes on the basis of Crystal field spitting
theory:

[CoF6]3-, [Fe(CN)6]4- and [Cu(NH3)6]2+

48. Why are different colours observed in octahedral and tetrahedral complexes for the same metal and
same ligands?

49. Using valence bond theory, explain the following in relation to the complexes given below:

[Mn(CN)6]3-, [Co(NH3)6]3+, [Cr(H2O)6]3+, [FeCl6]4-

i) Type of hybridization

ii) Inner or outer orbital complex

iii) Magnetic behavior

iv) Spin only magnetic moment value.

50. Write the electronic configuration of d4 if the pairing energy is greater than CFSE.

51. Using crystal field theory, write electronic configuration of the central metal atom and determine the
magnetic moment value of the following:

i) [CoF6]3-, [Co(H2O)6]2+, [Co(CN)6]3-

ii) [FeF6]3-, [Fe(H2O]6]2+,Fe(CN)6]4-

52. Discuss giving example the role of coordination compounds in:

i) Analytical chemistry ii) extraction of metals

53. [Cr(NH3)6]3+ is paramagnetic while [Ni(CN)4]2- is diamagnetic. Explain why?

54. A solution of [Ni(H2O)6]2+ is green but a solution of [Ni(CN)4]2- is colorless how many ions are
produced from the complex Co(NH3)6Cl2 in solution? Explain.

55. [Fe(CN)6]4- and [Ni(H2O)6]2+ are of different colours in dilute solutions. Why?

56. What will be the correct order of wave length of absorption in the visible region for the following:

[Ni(NO2)6]4-, [Ni(NH3)6]2+, Ni(H2O)6]2+

57. Name the central atom present in hemoglobin and chlorophyll.

58. Write the IUPAC names, stereochemistry and magnetic moment of the complex:

i) K[Cr(H2O)2(C2O4)4].3H2O ii) Cis –[Cr(en)2Cl2]Cl iii) K4[Mn(CN)6]

MCQ(JEE/NEET Questions)

1. Out of the following complex compounds, which of the compound will having the minimum
conductance solution? (NEET-2025)

a)[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 b) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl c) [Co(NH3)3Cl3] d) [Co(NH3)4Cl2]

2. Which of the following are paramagnetic: (NEET-2025)

a)[NiCl4]2- b)[Ni(CN)4]2- c)[Ni(H2O)6]2+ d)[Ni(PPh3)4]

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 Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

a)A and D only b)A,D and E only c)A and C only d)B and E only

3. Match the List-I with list-II: (JEE-MAIN-2025)

List-I(Complex/species) List-II(Shapemand magnetic moment)

A. [Ni(CO4] I. Tetrahedral, 2.8BM

B. [Ni(CN)4]2- II. Square planer, 0 BM

C. [NiCl4]2- III. Tetrahedral, 0BM

D. [MnBr4]- IV. Tetrahedral, 5.9BM

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

a) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV b) A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-I c) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV d) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

3. The number of species from the following that are involved in sp3d2 hybridisation is:

[Co(NH3)6]3+, SF6, [CrF6]3-, [CoF6]3-, Mn(CN)6]3-, and [MnCl6]3-

a) 4 b)3 c)5 d)6

4. Assertion(A): A homoleptic octahedral complex, formed using monodentate ligands, will now show
stereoisomerism.

Reason(R): cis- and trans-platin are heteroleptic complexes of Pd

5. Match List-I with List-II.

List-I(Complex) List-II(primary valency and secondary valency)

E. [Co(en)2Cl2]Cl] I. 3,6

F. [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NO2)] II. 3,4

G. [Hg[Co(SCN)4] III. 2,6

H. [Mg(edta)]2- IV. 2,4

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

b) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV b) A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-III c) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV d) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

6. Which one of the following complexes will have  o =0 and  =5.9 B.M.?

a)[FeF6]4- b)[Mn(SCN)6]4- c)[Co(NH3)6]3+ d)[Fe(CN)6]4-

7. Identify the diamagnetic octahedral complex ions from below:

A. [Mn(CN)6]3- B. [Co(NH3)6]3+ C. [Fe(CN)6]4- D.[Co(H2O)3F3]

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

a) B and C only b) A and C only c)B and D only d)A and D only

8. The correct order of the complexes

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 [Co(NH3)5(H2O)]3+(A), Co(NH3)6]3+(B), [Co(CN)6]3-(C) and [CoCl(NH3)5]2+ in terms of wave length of
light absorbed is:

a) D>C>B>A b) C>B>A>D c)D>A>B>C d)C>B>D>A

9. The d-orbital electronic configuration of the complex among [Co(en) 3]3+, [CoF6]3-, [Mn(H2O)6]2+ and
[Zn(H2O)6]2+ that has the highest CFSE is:

a)t2g6 eg0 b)t2g3 eg2 c)t2g4eg2 d)t2g6 eg4

10. Assertion(A): In octahedral complexes, when O  P high spin complexes are formed. When

O  P low spin complexces are formed.

Reason(R): In tetrahedral complexes because of  t  P , low spin complexes are rarely formed.

11. Identify the homoleptic complexes with odd number of d-electrons in the central metal:

(A)[FeO4]2- (B)[Fe(CN)6]3- (C)[Fe(CN)5NO]2- (D)[CoCl4]2- (E)[Co(H2O)3F3]

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A) C and E only (B)A, B and D only (C) B and D only (D)A, C and E only

12. To calculate spin –only magnetic moments of K3[Fe(OH)6] and K4[Fe(OH)6] respectively are:

a) 4.90 and 4.90 B.M. b)4.90 and 5.92 B.M. c)5.92 and 4.90B.M d)3.87 and 8.90B.M.

13. The correct increasing order of stability of the complexes based on  O value is:

I. [Mn(CN)6]3- II. Co(CN)6]4- III. [Fe(CN)6]4- IV. [Fe(CN)6]3-

a) I<II<IV<III b)IV<III<II<I c)III<II<IV<I d)II<III<I<IV

14. Match the List-I with list-II: (JEE-MAIN-2025)

List-I(Complex) List-II(Hybridisation and magnetic character)

J. [Mn(Br4]2- I. d2sp3 and diamagnetic

K. [Fe(F6)]3- II. sp3d2 and paramagnetic

L. [Co(C2O4)3]3- III. sp3 and diamagnetic

M. [Ni(CO)4] IV. Sp3 and paramagnetic

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

c) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV b) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III c) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III d) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

15. Match the List-I with list-II: (JEE-MAIN-2025)

List-I(Complex) List-II(Hybridisation of central metal atom)

A. [Co(F6)]3- ,[Mn(Br4)]2- I. d2sp3

B. [Ni(Cl4]2- II. sp3

C. [Co(NH3)6]3+ III. sp3d2

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 D. [Ni(CN)4]2- IV. dsp2

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV b) A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I c) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III d) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV

16. When ethane -1,2-diamine is added progressively to an aqueous solution of Nickel(II) chloride, the
sequence of colour change observed will be:

a) Pale blue → Blue → Green → Violet b) Pale blue → Blue → Violet → Green

c) Green → Pale Blue → Blue → Violet d) Violet → Blue → Pale blue → Green

17. Identify the coordination complexes in which the central metal ion has d4 configuration.

A) [FeO4]2- B)[Mn(CN)6]3- C) [Fe(CN)6]3- D)[Cr2OAc)4(H2O)2] E)[NiF6]2-

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

a) B, C and D only b)C and E only c)A, B and E only d)B and d only

17. The d-electronic configuration of an octahedral Co(II) complex having magnetic moment of 3.95 BM
is:

a) e4t2g4 b) t2g6eg1 c)t2g5 eg2 d)t2g3 eg0

18. The complex that shows Facial-meridional isomerism is:

a)[Co(en)2Cl2]+ b)[Co(NH3)3Cl3] c)[Co(NH3)4Cl2] d)[Co(en)3]3+

19. The coordination environment of Ca2+ ion in its complex with EDTA4- is:

A)trigonal planer B)Octahedral C)Square planer D)Tetrahedral

20. Assertion(A): The total no of geometrical isomers shown by[Co(en)2Cl2]+ complex ion is three.

Reason(R): [Co(en)2Cl2]+ complex ion has an octahedral geometry.

21. Match the List-I with list-II: (JEE-MAIN-2025)

List-I(Tetrahedral Complex) List-II(Electronic configuration)

A. [TiCl4] I. e2,t20

B. [FeO4]2- II. e4,t23

C. [FeCl4]2- III. e0,t20

D. [CoCl4]2- IV. e2, t23

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

d) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV b) A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III c) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III d) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

22. Consider the following complexes:

A)[CoCl(NH3)5]2+, B)[Co(CN)6]3- C)[Co(NH3)5(H2O)]3+ D)[Cu(H2O)4]2+

The correct order of A, B, C and D in terms of wavenumber of light absorbed is:

a) D<A<C<B b)B<C<A<D c)C<D<A<B d)A<C<B<D (JEE-M-2024)

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 23. The coordination geometry around the manganese in decacarbonyldimanganese(0) is:

a)Trigonal bipyramidal b)Square pyramidal c)Square planer d)Octahedral

24. Choose the correct statements from the following:

A) Ethane-1,2-dimine is a chelating ligand

B) Metallic aluminium is produced by electrolysis of aluminium oxide in presence of cryolite

C) Cyanide ion is used as ligand for leaching of silver

D) Phosphine act as a ligand in Wilkinson catalyst.

E) The stability constants of Ca2+ and Mg2+ are similar with EDTA complexes.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

a)B, C, E only b)A,D,E only c)C,D,E only d)A,B,C only

25. Indicate the complex which did not show any geometrical isomerism:

a) [CoCl2(en)2] b)[Co(CN)5(NC)]3- c)[Co(NH3)3(NO2)3] d)[Co(NH3)4Cl2]+

26. The denticity of the ligand, biuret is:

a) 2 b)4 c)3 d)6

27. The spin only magnetic moment in BM of [Fe(CO)4(C2O4)]+ is:

a) 5.92 b)0 c)1 d)1.73

28. The CFSE and magnetic moment(spin only) of an octahedral aqua cpmplex of a metal ion(M2+) are

-0.8  O and 3.87BM, respectively. Identify M2+:

a)V3+ b)Cr3+ c)Mn4+ d)Co2+

29. Transition metal complex with highest value of crystal field splitting,(  O ) will be:

a)[Cr(H2O)6]3+ b)[Mo(H2O)6]3+ c)[Fe(H2O)6]3+ d)[Os(H2O)6]3+

30. Which statement is not true with respect to nitrate ion test?

a) A dark brown ring is formed at the junction of two solutions.

b) Ring is formed due to nitroferrous sulphae complex

c) The brown complex is [Fe(H2O)5(NO)]SO4

d) Heating the nitrate salt with conc. H2SO4, light brown fumes are evolved.

31. Octahedral complexes of copper(II) undergo structural distortion(Jahn-Teller). Which one of the
given copper(II) complexces will show maximum structural distortion?

a) [Cu(H2O)6]SO4 b) [Cu(en)(H2O)4]SO4 c) cis-[Cu(en)2Cl2] d) trans-[Cu(en)2Cl2]

32. Which of the following cannot be explained by crystal

a) The order of spectrochemical series b)Stability of metal complexes

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 c)Magnetic properties of transition metal complexces d)Colour of metal complexes

33. Match the List-I with list-II: (JEE-MAIN-2025)

List-I( Complex ion) List-II(Wavelength of light absorbed in nm)

A. [CoCl(NH3)5]2+ I. 310

B. [Co(NH3)6]3+ II.475

C. [Co(CN)6]3- III. 535

D. [Co(H2O)6]2+ IV. 600

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

a)A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I b) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV c) A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II d) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV

34. The Cl-Co-Cl bond angle values in a fac-[Co(NH3)3Cl3] complex is/are:

a) 900 and 1200 b)900 c)1800 d)900 and 1800

35. The complex cation which has two isomers is:

a) [Co(NH3)5]Cl+ b) [Co(H2O)6]3+ c) [Co(NH3)5NO2]2+ d) [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+

36. Assertion(A): The spin only magnetic moment value for [Fe(CN) 6]3- is 1.74BM, whereas for
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ is 5.92BM

Reason(R): In both the complexces, Fe is present in +3 oxidation state.

37. Which of the following complex is octahedral, diamagnetic and is most stable?

a) Na3[CoCl6] b)[Co(H2O)6]Cl2 c)K3[Co(CN)6] d)[Ni(NH3)6]Cl2

38. The octahedral, diamagnetic and low spin complex among the following is:

a)[Co(NH3)6]3+ b)[NiCl4]2- c)[CoCl6]3- d)[CoF6]3-

39. If Ni2+ is replaced by Pt2+ in the complex [NiCl2Br2]2-, which of the following properties are
expected to get changed?

A. Geometry B. Geometrical isomerism C. Optical isomerism D. Magnetic properties

a) A and D b) A, B and D c) A, B and C d) B and C

b) Assertion(A): [CoCl(NH3)5]2+ absorbs at lower wavelength of light with respect to [Co(NH3)5(H2O)]3+

Reason(R): It is because the wavelength of the light depends on the oxidation state of the metal ion.

40. The total no of stereoisomers for the complex [Cr(ox)2ClBr]3- is:

a) 1 b)3 c)2 d)4

41. The complex with highest value of CFSE(  o ) is:

a) [Fe(OH2)6]3+ b) [Mn(OH2)6]3+ c) [Cr(OH2)6]3+ d) [Ti(OH2)6]3+

42. Identfy the incorrect pair from the following:

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 a) Haber process-Iron b) Polythene preparation-TiCl4, Al(CH3)3

c)Photography-AgBr d)Wacker process-PtCl2

43. The spin only magnetic moment of an octahedral complex of Fe2+ in the presence of a strong field
ligand in BM is:

a)4.89 b)2.82 c)0 d)3.46

44. Which one of the following has a square planer geometry?

a)[CoCl4]2- b) [FeCl4]2 c) [NiCl4]2 d) [PtCl4]2

45. The colours of intensity of colours of the compounds is:

a)[Ni(CN)4]2->[NiCl4]2->[Ni(H2O)6]2+ b) -[Ni(H2O)6]2+>[NiCl4]2-> [Ni(CN)4]2

c) [NiCl4]2->[Ni(H2O)6]2+>[Ni(CN)4]2- d) -[NiCl4]2- >[Ni(CN)4]2>[Ni(H2O)6]2+

46. How many edta molecules are required to make an octahedral complex with Ca2+ ion?

a)6 b)3 c)1 d)2

47. The total no of isomers for a square planer complex [M(F)(Cl)(SCN)(NO 2] is:

a) 16 b)8 c)12 d)4

48. Which one of the following complexes is an outer orbital complex?

a)[Fe(CN)6]4- b)[Ni(NH3)6]2+ c)[Co(NH3)6]3+ d)[Mn(CN)6]4-

49. In Fe(CO)5, the Fe-C bond possesses:

a)Pi character only b)Both pi and sigma character c)ionic character d)sigma-character only

50. The total number of possible isomers for [Pt(NH3)4Cl2]Br2 is ___________.

a) 4 b)6 c)8 d)12

51. Which one of the following cyano complexces would have lowest value of paramagnetic behavior?

a)[Cr(CN)6]3- b) [Mn(CN)6]3- c) [Fe(CN)6]3- d) [Co(CN)6]3-

52. Which one of the following hs largest number of isomers?

a)[Ru(NH3)4Cl2]+ b) [Co(en)2Cl2]+ c) [Ir(PR3)2HCO]2+ d) [Co(NH3)5Cl]+

53. One mole of the omplex compound Co(NH3)5Cl3, gives 3 moles of ions on dissolution in water. One
mole of the same complex reacts with two moles of AgCl. The structure of the complex is:

a)[Co(NH3)3Cl3].2NH3 b)[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl.NH3 c)[Co(NH3)4Cl]Cl2.NH3 d)[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2

54. The type of isomerism present in Pentaamminenitrito-N chromium(III) chloride is:

a)optical b)linkage c)ionization d)polymerization

55. In Wilkinson’s catalyst, the hybridization of central metal ion and its shape are respectively:

a)sp3d, triginal pyramidal b)sp3, tetrahedral

c)dsp2, square planer d)d2sp3, octahedral

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 56. Which one of the following has an optical isomer?

a)[Zn(en)(NH3)2]2+ b)[Co(en)3]3+ c)[Co(H2O)4en)3+ d)[Zn(en)2]2+

57. Which of the following facts about the complex [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3 is wrong?

a)The complex s paramagnetic b)The complex is an outer orbital complex

c)The complex gives white ppt with AgNO3 solution

d)The complex involves d2sp3 hybridisation and is octahedral in shape

58. The octahedral complex of a metal ion M3+ with four monodentate ligands L1, L2, L3 and L4 absorb
wave lentgths in the region of red, green, yellow and blue respectively. The increasing order of
ligand strength of the four ligands is:

a)L3<L2<L4<L1 b)L1<L2<L4<L3 a)L4<L3<L2<L1 a)L1<L3<L2<L4

59. Among the statements (a) –(d) the incorrect ones are:

A) Octahedral Co(III) complexes with strong fields ligands have very high magnetic moments.

B) When O  P , the d-electron configuration of Co(III) in an octahedral complex is t2g4eg2

C) Wavelength of light absorbed by [Co(en)3]3+ is lower than that of [CoF6]3-

D) If the  O for an octahedral complex of Co(III) is 18000 cm-1, the  t for its tetrahedral complex
with the same ligand is 16,000 cm-1.

a) A and B only b)B and C only c)C and D only d)A and D only

60. The number of possible optical isomers for the complex MA2B2 with sp3 and dsp2 hybridised metal
atom, respectively is:

a)0 and 2 b)2 and 2 c) 0 and 1 d)0 and 0

61. Which of the following has longest C-O bond length?

a)[Fe(CO)4]2- b)[Mn(CO)6]+ c)[Ni(CO)4] d)[Co(CO)4]-

62. Jahn-Teller effect is not observed in high spin complexes of :

a)d7 b)d8 c)d4 d)d9

63. The coordination number of Th in K4[Th(C2O4)4(OH2)2] is:

a) 14 b)10 c)8 d)6

64. The correct increasing order of trans effect of the following species is: (NEET-2016)

a)NH3>CN->Br->C6H5- b) CN-> C6H5-> Br->NH3 c) Br->NH3>CN-> C6H5- d) CN->NH3> Br->C6H5-

65. The no of geometrical isomers that can exist for square planer [Pt(Cl)(py)(NH 3)(NH2OH)]+ is:

a)3 b)4 c)6 d)2

66. In which of the following octahedral complexces of Co, will the magnitude of  O be the highest?

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 a)[Co(CN)6]3- b) [Co(C2O4)3]3- c)[Co(H2O)6]3- d) [Co(NH3)6]3-

67. CuSO4 when reacts with KCN forms CuCN, which is insoluble in water. It is soluble in excess of
KCN, due to formation of the following complex:

a) K2[Cu(CN)4] b)K3[Cu(CN)4] c)Cu(CN)2 d)Cu[KCu(CN)4]

68. CN- is a strong field ligand. This is due to the fact that:

a)it carries negative charge

b)it is pseudohalide

c)it can accept electrons from metal species

d)it forms high spin complexces with metal species.

69. In an octahedral structure, the pair of d-orbitals involved in d2sp3 hybridisation is:

a) dx2-y2 and dz2 b) dxyand dyz c)dyz and dz2 d)dx2-y2 and dxy

70. In which of the following coordination entities the magnitude of  o (CFSE in octahedral field) will be
maximum?

a)[Co(C2O4)3]3- b) [Co(CN)6]3- c) [Co(H2O)6]3- d) [Co(NH3)6]3+

71. Which of the followingcomplexces is not expected to exhibit isomerism?

a) [Ni(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ b) [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] c)[Ni(NH3)2Cl2] d)[Ni(en)3]2+

72. Which of the following complex ions is not expected to absorb visible light?

A) [Ni(CN)4]2- B)[Cr(NH3)6]3+ C)[Fe(H2O)6]2+ D)[Ni(H2O)6]2+

73. Crystal field stabilization energy for high spin d4 octahedral complex is:

a)-1.8  o b)-1.6  o +P c)-1.2  o d)-0.6  o

74. Match the List-I with list-II: (JEE-MAIN-2025)

List-I( Complex ion) List-II(CFSE, o )

A. [Cu(NH3)6]2+ I. -0.6

B. [Ti(H2O)6]3+ II.-2.0

C. [Fe(CN)6]3- III. -1.2

D. [NiF6]4- IV. -0.4

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

a)A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III b) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II c) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV d) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

75. Which of the following carbonyls will have the strongest C-O bond?

A)Cr(CO)6 B)Fe(CO)5 C)Mn(CO)6+ D)V(CO)6-

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 76. The anion of acetylacetone(acac) forms Co(acac)3 chelate with Co3+. The rings of the chelate
are_______ membered?

A)5 B)4 C)6 D)3

77. Crystal field stabilization energy for low spin d6 cation of octahedral complex is:

−12 −12 −2 −2
a) o + P b)  o + 3P c)  o + 2 P d) o + P
5 5 5 5

78. The total number of possible isomers for [Pt(NH3)4Cl2}Br2 is ______.

A) 6 B)16 C)4 D)4

79. The possible number of GI for the complex [CoL2Cl2] - (L= H2N-CH2-CH2O-) is/are:

A) 2 B)3 C)4 D)5

80. EDTA4- is ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion. The total number of N-Co-O bond angles in [Co(EDTA]-1
complex ion is:

A)6 B)12 C)8 D)10

81. The sum of the spin only magnetic moment values(in BM) of [Mn(Br 4)]- and [Mn(CN)6]3- is ______.

a) 7.8 b)9.8 c)5.8 d)2.8

82. The existence of two different coloured complexces with the composition of [Co(NH 3)4Cl2]+ is due to:

A)Linkage isomerism B)Geometrical isomerism C)Coordination isomerism D)Ionisation isomerism

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