Unit 12/Chapter 13
Extra Practice Worksheet
These questions are selected from the additional problems for
Chapter 13 on your syllabus.
Answers are available in the student solution guide (OpenStax).
Fully worked solutions are available on The Glaser Tutoring Company’s
YouTube Channel.
Equilibrium Constants
9. Among the solubility rules previously discussed is the statement: All chlorides are
soluble except Hg2Cl2, AgCl, PbCl2, and CuCl. Write the expression for the
equilibrium constant for the reactions represented by the equation:
(a) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑠𝑠 ⇌ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴2+ 𝑎𝑎𝑞𝑞 + 𝐶𝐶𝑙𝑙− 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 . Is K >1, <1, or ≈1? Explain.
(b) 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃2+ 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 2𝐶𝐶𝑙𝑙 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ⇌ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑙𝑙2 𝑠𝑠 . Is K >1, <1, or ≈1? Explain.
Equilibrium Constants
17. The initial concentrations of reactants and products are given for each of the
following systems. Calculate the reaction quotient and determine the direct in which
each system will proceed to reach equilibrium.
2𝑁𝑁𝐻𝐻3 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 𝑁𝑁2 𝑔𝑔 + 3𝐻𝐻2 𝑔𝑔 𝐾𝐾 = 17, 𝑁𝑁𝐻𝐻3 = 0.20 𝑀𝑀, 𝑁𝑁2 = 1.00 𝑀𝑀, 𝐻𝐻2 = 1.00 𝑀𝑀
2𝑆𝑆𝑂𝑂3 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 2𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆2 𝑔𝑔 + 𝑂𝑂2 𝑔𝑔 𝐾𝐾 = 0.230, 𝑆𝑆𝑂𝑂3 = 0.00 𝑀𝑀, 𝑆𝑆𝑂𝑂2 = 1.00 𝑀𝑀, 𝑂𝑂2 = 1.00 𝑀𝑀
2𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝑔𝑔 + 𝐶𝐶𝑙𝑙2 (𝑔𝑔) ⇌ 2𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝑔𝑔 𝐾𝐾 = 4.6 × 104 , 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 = 1.00 𝑀𝑀, 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶2 = 1.00 𝑀𝑀, 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 = 0.00 𝑀𝑀
Le Chatelier’s Principle
33. What property of a reaction can we use to predict the effect of a change in
temperature on the value of an equilibrium constant?
37. Suggest four ways in which the concentration of PH3 could be increased in an
equilibrium described by the following equation:
𝑃𝑃4 𝑔𝑔 + 6𝐻𝐻2 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 4𝑃𝑃𝐻𝐻3 𝑔𝑔 ∆𝐻𝐻 = 110.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Le Chatelier’s Principle
39. How will an increase in temperature affect each of the following
equilibria? How will a decrease in the volume of the reaction vessel
affect each?
2𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 2𝐻𝐻2 𝑔𝑔 + 𝑂𝑂2 𝑔𝑔 , ∆𝐻𝐻 = 484 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑁𝑁2 𝑔𝑔 + 3 𝐻𝐻2 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 2𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁3 𝑔𝑔 , ∆𝐻𝐻 = −92.2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 𝐵𝐵𝑟𝑟2 𝑔𝑔 , ∆𝐻𝐻 = −224 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝐻𝐻2 𝑔𝑔 + 𝐼𝐼2 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 2𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝑔𝑔 , ∆𝐻𝐻 = 53 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Le Chatelier’s Principle
41. Nitrogen and oxygen react at high temperatures.
(a) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant for the reversible reaction:
𝑁𝑁2 𝑔𝑔 + 𝑂𝑂2 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 2𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝑔𝑔 , ∆𝐻𝐻 = 181 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
(b) What will happen to the concentrations at equilibrium if more O2 is added?
(c) What will happen to the concentrations at equilibrium if N2 is removed?
(d) What will happen to the concentrations at equilibrium if NO is added?
(e) What will happen to the concentrations at equilibrium if the volume of the
reaction vessel is decreased?
(f) What will happen to the concentrations at equilibrium if the temperature of the
system is increased?
Le Chatelier’s Principle
45. Acetic Acid is a weak acid that reacts with water according to this equation:
𝐶𝐶𝐻𝐻3 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ⇌ 𝐻𝐻3 𝑂𝑂+ 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝐶𝐶𝐻𝐻3 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑂𝑂− 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
Will any of the following increase the percent of acetic acid that reacts and
produces CH3COO- ion?
a) Addition of HCl
b) Addition of NaOH
c) Addition of NaCH3COO
Le Chatelier’s Principle
47. How can the pressure of water vapor be increased in the following equilibrium?
𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂 𝑙𝑙 ⇌ 𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂 𝑔𝑔 , ∆𝐻𝐻 = 41 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
49. When equal molar amounts of HCl and HOCl are dissolved separately in equal
amounts of water, the solution of HCl freezes at a lower temperature. Which
compound has the larger equilibrium constant for acid ionization?
a) HCl b) H+ + Cl- c) HOCl d) H+ + OCl-
Equilibrium Calculations
51. A reaction is represented by this equation:
2𝑊𝑊 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ⇌ 𝑋𝑋 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑌𝑌 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝐾𝐾 = 5 × 10−4
a) Write the mathematical expression for the equilibrium constant.
b) Using concentrations of ≤ 1M, identify two sets of concentrations that describe
a mixture of W, X, and Y at equilibrium.
Equilibrium Calculations
53. Hydrogen is prepared commercially by the reaction of methane and water
vapor at elevated temperatures.
𝐶𝐶𝐻𝐻4 𝑔𝑔 + 𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 3𝐻𝐻2 𝑔𝑔 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑔𝑔
What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction if a mixture at equilibrium
contains gases with the following concentrations at 760 °C:
CH4 = 0.126 M, H2O = 0.242 M, CO = 0.126 M, H2 = 1.15 M
Equilibrium Calculations
55. At 1 atm and 25°C, NO2 with an initial concentration of 1.00 M is 0.0033%
decomposed into NO and O2. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for
the reaction.
2𝑁𝑁𝑂𝑂2 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 2𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝑔𝑔 + 𝑂𝑂2 (𝑔𝑔)
Equilibrium Calculations
65. Calculate the number of moles of HI that are at equilibrium with 1.25 mol of H2
and 1.25 ol of I2 in a 5.00-L flask at 448 °C.
𝐻𝐻2 + 𝐼𝐼2 ⇌ 2𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 K=50.2 at 448 °C
Equilibrium Calculations
69. Carbon reacts with water vapor at elevated temperatures. Assuming a reaction
mixture initially contains only reactants, what is the concentration of CO in an
equilibrium mixture with [H2O] = 0.500 M at 1000 °C.
𝐶𝐶 𝑠𝑠 + 𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑔𝑔 + 𝐻𝐻2 (𝑔𝑔) K= 0.2 at 1000°C
Equilibrium Calculations
73. A student solved the following problem and found [N2O4] = 0.16 M at
equilibrium. How could this student recognize that the answer was wrong without
reworking the problem? The problem was:
What is the equilibrium concentration of N2O4 in a mixture formed from a sample
of NO2 with a concentration of 0.10 M?
2𝑁𝑁𝑂𝑂2 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 𝑁𝑁2 𝑂𝑂4 𝑔𝑔 K=160
Equilibrium Calculations
75. Assume that the change in concentration of CoCl2 is small enough to be
neglected in the following problem.
a) Calculate the equilibrium concentration of all species in an equilibrium mixture
that results from the decomposition of CoCo2 with an initial concentration of
0.3166 M.
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑙𝑙2 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑔𝑔 + 𝐶𝐶𝑙𝑙2 (𝑔𝑔) K= 2.2 × 10-6
b) Confirm that the change is small enough to be neglected.
Equilibrium Calculations
77. What are all the concentrations after a mixture that contains [H2O] = 1.00 M
and [Cl2O] = 1.00 M comes to equilibrium at 25 °C.
𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂 𝑔𝑔 + 𝐶𝐶𝑙𝑙2 𝑂𝑂(𝑔𝑔) ⇌ 2𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻(𝑔𝑔) K= 0.0900
Equilibrium Calculations
81. The equilibrium constant for this reaction is 1.60 at 990 °C.
𝐻𝐻2 𝑔𝑔 + 𝐶𝐶𝑂𝑂2 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂 𝑔𝑔 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑔𝑔
Calculate the number of moles of each component in the final equilibrium mixture
obtained from adding 1.00 mol of H2, 2.00 mol of CO2, 0.750 mol of H2O and 1.00
mol of CO to a 5.00-L container at 990 °C.
Equilibrium Calculations
85. Consider the equilibrium
4𝑁𝑁𝑂𝑂2 𝑔𝑔 + 6𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂 𝑔𝑔 ⇌ 4𝑁𝑁𝐻𝐻3 𝑔𝑔 + 7𝑂𝑂2 (𝑔𝑔)
a) What is the expression for the equilibrium constant of the reaction?
b) How must the concentration of NH3 change to reach equilibrium if the reaction
quotient is less than the equilibrium constant?
c) If the reaction were at equilibrium, how would an increase in the volume of the
reaction vessel affect the pressure of NO2?