DEPARTMENT OF MARITIME STUDIES CHAPTER 7: STRESS AND STRAIN
APPLIED STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
ASM262S
1. The shaft is supported by a smooth thrust bearing at B and a journal bearing at C. Determine the resultant
internal loadings acting on the cross section at E. [N = 0; V = -900 N; M = -2.7 kN.m]
2. Determine the resultant internal loadings on the cross section at point D. [N = 0.703 kN; V = 0.3125
N; M = 0.3125 kN.m]
Determine the resultant internal loadings at cross sections at points E and F on the assembly. [NF =
1.17 kN; VF = 0 ; MF = 0; NE = 0.703 kN; VE = -0.3125 N; ME = 0.3125 kN.m]
3. Determine the resultant internal loadings in the beam at cross sections through points D and E. Point E
is just to the right of the 15-kN load. [ND = 0; VD = 4.17 kN ; MD = 25.17 kN.m ; NE = 0.703 kN; VE
= -0.4833 kN; ME = -50.00 kN.m]
4. The boom DF of the jib crane and the column DE have a uniform weight of 750 N/m. If the hoist and
load weigh 1500 N, determine the resultant internal loadings in the crane on cross sections through
points A, B, and C. [NA = 0; VA = 2.175 kN ; MA = -1.654 kN.m ; NB = 0; VB = 3.98 kN; MB = -9.064
kN.m; VC = 0; NC = 5.55 kN; MC = -11.554 kN.m]
5. The shaft is supported at its ends by two bearings A and B and is subjected to the forces applied to the
pulleys fixed to the shaft. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section at point
D. The 400-N forces act in the -z direction and the 200-N and 80-N forces act in the +y direction. The
journal bearings at A and B exert only y and z components of force on the shaft.
6. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section at point C in the beam. The load D
has a mass of 300 kg and is being hoisted by the motor M with constant velocity.
Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section at point E. The load D has a mass
of 300 kg and is being hoisted by the motor M with constant velocity.
7. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section at point E of the handle arm, and
on the cross section of the short link BC
8. Determine resultant internal loadings acting on section a–a and section b–b. Each section passes through
the centerline at point C
9. Determine the largest intensity w of the uniform loading that can be applied to the frame without
causing either the average normal stress or the average shear stress at section b–b to exceed 𝜎𝜎 = 15 MPa
and 𝜏𝜏 = 16 MPa, respectively. Member CB has a square cross section of 30 mm on each side. [16.0
kN/m]
10. The cross-section of a concrete corner column that is loaded uniformly in compression is shown in the
figure. A circular pipe chase cut-out of 250 mm in diameter runs the height of the column (see figure).
a. Determine the average compression stress 𝜎𝜎𝐶𝐶 in the concrete if the load is equal to 14.5 MN.
[16.28 MPa]
b. Determine the coordinates 𝑥𝑥𝐶𝐶 and 𝑦𝑦𝐶𝐶 of the point where the resultant load must act in order to
produce uniform normal stress in the column. [489 mm, 489 mm]
11. The bars of the truss each have a cross-sectional area of 780 mm2. If the maximum average normal
stress in any bar is not to exceed 140 MPa, determine the maximum magnitude P of the loads that can
be applied to the truss. [29.78 kN]
12. An L-shaped reinforced concrete slab 3.6 m X 3.6 m, with a 1.8 m X 1.8 m cut-out and thickness = 230
mm, is lifted by three cables attached at 0, B, and D, as shown in the figure. The cables are combined
at point Q, which is 2.1 m above the top of the slab and directly above the center of mass at C. Each
cable has an effective cross-sectional area of Ae = 77 mm2.
a. Find the tensile force 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 (i =1, 2, 3) in each cable due to the weight W of the concrete slab (ignore
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
weight of cables). �𝑻𝑻 = �𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐� 𝑵𝑵�
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
b. Find the average stress 𝜎𝜎𝑖𝑖 in each cable. (See Table F-1 in Appendix for the weight density of
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
reinforced concrete.) �𝝈𝝈 = �𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐� 𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴�
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
c. Add cable AQ so that OQA is one continuous cable, with each segment having force 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 , which
is connected to cables BQ and DQ at point Q. Repeat parts (a) and (b). Hint: There are now three
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
forced equilibrium equations and one constraint equation, T1 = T4. �𝝈𝝈 = �𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑� 𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴�
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
13. The plate has a width of 0.5 m. If the stress distribution at the support varies as shown, determine the
force P applied to the plate and the distance d to where it is applied. [P = 40 MN; d = 2.40 m]
14. Determine the maximum average shear stress in pin A of the truss. A horizontal force of P = 40 kN is
applied to joint C. Each pin has a diameter of 25 mm and is subjected to double shear. [50.9 MPa]
15. A long retaining wall is braced by wood shores set at an angle of 30° and supported by concrete thrust
blocks, as shown in the first part of the figure. The shores are evenly spaced at 3 m apart.
For analysis purposes, the wall and shores are idealized as shown in the second part of the figure. Note
that the base of the wall and both ends of the shores are assumed to be pinned. The pressure of the soil
against the wall is assumed to be triangularly distributed, and the resultant force acting on a 3-meter
length of the walls is F = 190 kN.
If each shore has a 150 mm x 150 mm square cross section, what is the compressive stress 𝜎𝜎𝐶𝐶 in the
shores? [5.21 MPa]
16. A steel riser pipe hangs from a drill rig located offshore in deep water (see figure). Separate segments
are joined using bolted flange plages (see figure part b and photo). Assume that there are six bolts at
each pipe segment connection. Assume that the total length of the riser pipe is L = l 500 m; outer and
inner diameters are d2 = 405 mm and d1 = 380 mm; flange plate thickness tf = 44 mm; and bolt and
washer diameters are db = 28 mm, and dw = 47 mm, respectively.
a. If the entire length of the riser pipe is suspended in air, find the average normal stress 𝜎𝜎 in each
bolt, the average bearing stress 𝜎𝜎𝑏𝑏 beneath each washer, and the average shear stress 𝜏𝜏 through
the flange plate at each bolt location for the topmost bolted connection. [𝝈𝝈 = 482 MPa; 𝝈𝝈𝒃𝒃 =
265 MPa; 𝝉𝝉 = 45.7 MPa]
b. If the same riser pipe hangs from a drill rig at sea, what are the normal, bearing, and shear
stresses in the connection? Obtain the weight densities of steel and sea water from Table F-1,
Appendix F. Neglect the effect of buoyant foam casings on the riser pipe. [𝝈𝝈 = 419 MPa; 𝝈𝝈𝒃𝒃 =
231 MPa; 𝝉𝝉 = 39.7 MPa]
17. The 2-Mg concrete pipe has a center of mass at point G. If it is suspended from cables AB and AC,
determine the average normal stress in the cables. The diameters of AB and AC are 12 mm and 10 mm,
respectively. [127 MPa; 129 MPa]
The 2-Mg concrete pipe has a center of mass at point G. If it is suspended from cables AB and AC,
determine the diameter of cable AB so that the average normal stress in this cable is the same as in the
10-mm-diameter cable AC. [11.9 mm]
18. The tension member is fastened together using two bolts, one on each side of the member as shown.
Each bolt has a diameter of 7.5 mm. Determine the maximum load P that can be applied to the member
if the allowable shear stress for the bolts is 𝜏𝜏𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 84 MPa. and the allowable average normal stress is
𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 140 MPa.
19. If the allowable bearing stress for the material under the supports at A and B is (𝜎𝜎𝑏𝑏 )allow = 1.5 MPa,
determine the size of square bearing plates A′ and B′ required to support the load. Dimension the plates
to the nearest mm. The reactions at the supports are vertical. Take P = 100 kN. [130 mm; 300 mm]
20. A cargo ship is tied down to marine bollards (see figure part a) at a number of points along its length
while its cargo is unloaded by a container handling crane. Each bollard is fastened to the wharf using
anchor bolts. Three cables having known tension force magnitudes F1 = 110 kN, F2 = 85 kN, and F3 =
90 kN are secured to one bollard at a point A with coordinates (0, 0.45 m, 0) in the x-y-z coordinate
system shown in the figure part b. Each cable force is directed at an attachment point on the ship. Force
F1 is directed from point A to a point on the ship having coordinates (3 m, 9 m, 0); force F2 is directed
at a point with coordinates (6.5 m, 8.5 m, 2 m); and force F3 is directed at a point with coordinates (8
m, 9 m, 5 m). The diameter of each anchor bolts is db= 24 mm.
a. Find the reaction forces and reaction moments at the base of the bollard. [Rx = -145.4 kN;
Ry = -229.2 kN; RZ = -51.5 kN, Mx = -23.2 kN.m; MY = 0, MZ = 65.4 kN.m]
b. (Calculate the average shear stress in the anchor bolts (in the x-z plane). Assume each bolt
carries an equal share of the total force. [42.621 MPa]
21. The spring mechanism is used as a shock absorber for a load applied to the drawbar AB. Determine the
force in each spring when the 50-kN force is applied. Each spring is originally unstretched and the
drawbar slides along the smooth guide posts CG and EF. The ends of all springs are attached to their
respective members. Also, what is the required diameter of the shank of bolts CG and EF if the
allowable stress for the bolts is 𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 150 MPa? [
22. The soft-ride suspension system of the mountain bike is pinned at C and supported by the shock absorber
BD. If it is designed to support a load of P = 1500 N, determine the factor of safety of pins B and C
against failure if they are made of a material having a shear failure stress of 𝜏𝜏𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 150 MPa. Pin B has
a diameter of 7.5 mm, and pin C has a diameter of 6.5 mm. Both pins are subjected to double shear.
[2.24; 2.13]
23. Determine the required diameter of the pins at A and B if the allowable shear stress for the material is
𝜏𝜏𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 100 MPa. Both pins are subjected to double shear. [5.20 mm]
24. If the allowable tensile stress for wires AB and AC is 𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 180 MPa, and wire AB has a diameter
of 5 mm and AC has a diameter of 6 mm, determine the greatest force P that can be applied to the chain.
25. The force applied at the handle of the rigid lever causes the lever to rotate clockwise about the pin B
through an angle of 2°. Determine the average normal strain in each wire. The wires are unstretched
when the lever is in the horizontal position. [0.0349 m/m; 0.0349 mm; 0.0582 mm/mm]
26. The square deforms into the position shown by the dashed lines. Determine the shear strain at each of
its corners, A, B, C, and D, relative to the x, y axes. Side D′B′ remains horizontal. [-0.0262; -0.205; -
0.205; -0.0262]
27. If a load applied to the bar AC causes point A to be displaced to the right by an amount ∆L, determine
the normal strain in the wire AB. Originally, 𝜃𝜃 = 45°.
28. If the unstretched length of the bowstring is 887.5 mm, determine the average normal strain in the string
when it is stretched to the position shown. [0.0689 mm/mm]
29. Determine the required thickness of member BC and the diameter of the pins at A and B if the allowable
normal stress for member BC is 𝜎𝜎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 200 MPa, and the allowable shear stress for the pins is 𝜏𝜏𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
= 70 MPa. [t = 6 mm; dA= 28 mm; dB = 20 mm]
30. The square plate is deformed into the shape shown by the dashed lines. If DC has a normal strain 𝜀𝜀𝑥𝑥 =
0.004, DA has a normal strain 𝜀𝜀𝑦𝑦 = 0.005 and at D, 𝛾𝛾𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 0.02 rad, determine the average normal strain
along diagonal CA. [-5.59 x 10-3 mm/mm]
31. The bearing pad consists of a 150 mm by 150 mm block of aluminum that supports a compressive load
of 6 kN. Determine the average normal and shear stress acting on the plane through section a–a. Show
the results on a differential volume element located on the plane.
32. The rubber block is fixed along edge AB, and edge CD is moved so that the vertical displacement of
any point in the block is given by 𝑣𝑣(𝑥𝑥) = (𝑣𝑣0 > 𝑏𝑏 3 ) 𝑥𝑥 3 . Determine the shear strain 𝛾𝛾𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 at points
(𝑏𝑏/2, 𝑎𝑎/2) and (𝑏𝑏, 𝑎𝑎).