The diagram illustrates the detailed process of converting raw animal skins into
refined leather (da thuộc cao cấp) through a sequence( trình tự) of well- defined
(xác định rõ ràng) stages.
Overall, this transformation comprises three principal phases: preliminary (sơ bộ)
skin treatment, chemical processing, and final finishing, each of which plays a
crucial role in ensuring high – quality output.
Initially, animal hides (da động vật) are transported from farming facilities ( cơ sở
chăn nuôi) to the processing plant (factory), where they are classified based on
size. Following this, excess material is removed through trimming (cắt tỉa) before
salt is applied to preserve the skins and prevent decomposition (sự phân hủy). This
curing phase (giai đoạn ướp muối bảo quản) lasts approximately 30 days.
Subsequently, the cured hides undergo a softening process, during which they are
immersed in water for 12 to 24 hours. This step facilitates (tạo điều kiện) the
manual removal (loại bỏ thủ công) of hair using specialized tools. The softened
skins are then subjected to (trải qua, chịu tác động) pickling ( ngâm chua), a
process in which a rotating drum combines salt and acid to prepare them for
tanning.
The final stage involves a two-day chemical tanning process, during which specific
treatments are administered to enhance color and improve texture. Once tanning is
complete , the leather undergoes drying, followed by a meticulous hand-waxing
process, culminating in the production of high-quality finished leather.