Earth science is the study of the Earth's structure, properties, processes, and four and a half billion years
of biotic evolution. Understanding these phenomena is essential to maintenance of life on the planet.
The four basic areas of Earth Science study are:
1. Geology - is the primary Earth science (study of Earth) James Hutton
Geology is the study of the earth (geo means earth, and ology means study
2. Meteorology - is the study of the atmosphere, atmospheric phenomena, and atmospheric
effects on our weather. The atmosphere is the gaseous layer of the physical environment that
surrounds a planet.
3. Oceanography - the branch of science that deals with the physical and biological properties and
phenomena of the sea.
4. Astronomy - is the study of the sun, moon, stars, planets and other objects and phenomena in
space. It has a long, rich history.