SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
GROUP 3: MODERN AGE
TRANSCRIPT
Reporters of the Group:
1. Frederic Konrad Bungaos
2. Charles Valmera
3. John Louie Granada
Discussion Proper:
[INTRODUCTION]
All Reporters: Good morning everyone! We are the GROUP 3, and today, we’re taking you on
a quick trip through the modern era - with NO TIME MACHINE needed!
Our goal is simple: to show you that modern inventions in Science, Technology, and Society
aren’t just cool — they’re literally running our daily lives. Some of them are so common, we
forget they even count as inventions!
But first, let’s prove it. We’re going to play a quick game called ‘REYAL or FHAKE.’ Here’s how it
works:
If you’ve experienced it before, shout ‘REYAL!’ like you just won the lottery and dance..
If you’ve never done it, say ‘FHAKE’ and give us your best pose like you’re blocking bad
vibes and sit.
Are you ready? Let’s start
1. Used a lightbulb at night to finish homework… or to scroll Facebook until 2 a.m.
2. Had a brownout and suddenly became a caveman looking for candles.
3. Got an X-ray and tried to figure out if your bones looked “handsome/pretty.”
4. Ridden in a car, jeepney, tricycle, or van… and secretly judged the driver’s playlist.
5. Used a plastic bag “just this once”… and now it’s your official storage for other plastic
bags.
6. Used GPS or a map app… then still got lost because “signal is weak.”
7. Waited for a delivery and refreshed the tracker every 30 seconds like it will make it come
faster.
8. Answered a mobile phone call in public and pretended to be busy or important.
9. Used a landline or public phone and got confused why there’s no camera for selfies.
10.Used technology to make life easier… then panicked when the Wi-Fi died.
[Ice Breaker ends]
Presenter 1: Reads the Introduction from the Powerpoint.
[Part 1]
Presenter 1:
First, we have the Electronic Dynamo.(1831)
- This was based on Michael Faraday’s discovery of electromagnetic induction in 1831,
and later improved by Werner von Siemens in 1867.
- The electric dynamo made practical use of electricity possible for a variety of
applications, including transportation, power tools, and home appliances. Without the
dynamo, much of the modern electrical world would not exist.
Next, the Computer. (1860s)
- The concept was introduced by Charles Babbage in 1837 through his Analytical Engine,
but the first real programmable electronic computer, ENIAC, was built in 1945.
- Charles Babbage, often called the “father of the computer “, his analytic engine is seen
as the forerunner of the modern computer. It could be programmed and calculate
mathematical equations, though the electronic computer didn't come along until after the
1940s. His ideas about programmable machines laid the groundwork for the electronic
computers of the 20th century, which would later transform science, business, and
everyday life.
Then we have Pasteurization, developed by Louis Pasteur in 1864.
- He invented this process to kill harmful microorganisms in liquids like milk and wine,
improving safety and preventing spoilage.
- This process prevents bacteria from growing in substances like wine, beer, and milk,
making milk safer to drink. This innovation improves public health and also extended the
shelf life of perishable goods, changing how food could be stored and transported.
Another breakthrough was Plastic. (1869)
- John Wesley Hyatt invented plastic while searching for an inexpensive substitute for
ivory billiard balls. He combined cellulose nitrate and camphor to create a moldable and
versatile material called celluloid. While plastic has changed the world, its inability to
biodegrade has raised concerns about pollution.
And of course, The Phonograph, invented by Thomas Edison in 1877.
- It was the first device capable of recording and reproducing sound, bringing a whole new
way for people to enjoy music and store voices.
- Thomas Edison discovered he could capture and replay sound using a rotating cylinder
covered with paraffin paper and a stylus. He later helped develop the modern
gramophone based on the wax-cylinder model, allowing music to be enjoyed outside of
live performances.
Finally for this section, the Telephone, invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
- It allowed people to transmit their voices over long distances instantly, revolutionizing
communication.
- Invented by Alexander Graham Bell, a Scottish-born teacher for the deaf, who
experimented with transmitting sound through electricity to help the deaf. He spent many
hours developing a form of the telephone and applied for a patent on March 7, 1876.
Within five years, private telephone exchanges were common in most U.S. cities.
[Part 2 ]
Presenter 2:
Moving on to transportation and household innovations, we have the Bicycle. (1885)
- While velocipedes were invented earlier, a major advancement in bicycle technology was
the introduction of a chain linking the pedals to the back wheel. This allowed for higher
speeds without the need for a huge front wheel. Aside from that it is affordable and
efficient, bicycles provide mobility to people from all walks of life, including women,
helping advance independence and social change. The key model for the chain bike was
the Rover Safety bike, developed by John Kemp Starley
The Light Bulb (1879)
- Perfected by Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan in 1879, replaced gas lamps and
candles, offering safe, long-lasting artificial light.
- Although others created simple electric lights, it was Thomas Edison who turned the
lightbulb into a practical low-current version. He used a filament made from burned
sewing thread which allowed factories, streets, and homes to be lit more efficiently,
extending work hours and improving urban lif
Aluminum (1886)
- Was discovered by Hans Christian Ørsted in 1825, but mass production became
possible in 1886 thanks to Charles Martin Hall. The reason? A strong, lightweight, and
corrosion-resistant metal for transportation, construction, and more.
- Up until the 1890s, aluminium was considered a precious metal because of the difficulty
in isolating it. Ohio chemist Charles Martin Hall discovered a simple electrolysis process
to produce large quantities of aluminum. This caused its price to drop dramatically,
leading to aluminum becoming a popular and versatile metal in industry.
The Motor Car (1898)
- Invented by Karl Benz, gave people independent, faster transportation without relying on
horses.
- The first modern automobile, which used a patented internal combustion engine, was
produced by German engineer Karl Benz. This car featured electrical ignition, a
watercooled engine, and different gears, and within a few decades, it began transforming
society. Motor Cars transformed personal travel, reshaped cities, and fueled the growth
of industries such as oil, rubber, and road construction.
The Aeroplane (1903)
- Invented by Orville and Wilbur Wright in 1903, made controlled, sustained human flight
possible, connecting distant parts of the world.
- The Wright brothers flew the first successful heavier-than-air aeroplane on December
17, 1903. Within a few years, aeroplanes could navigate long distances and started to
change global travel and wartime.
And the X-ray Machine (1914)
- Discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895, allowed doctors to see inside the body
without surgery, transforming medical diagnosis.
- The X-ray was first discovered by W. Roentgen in 1895. Marie Curie built on this
discovery and, by 1914, successfully created an X-ray machine that could take images
of the human skeleton, and even used in World War I to diagnose injuries on the
battlefield
[Part 3]
Presenter 3:
As we enter the modern era, communication became even faster with Email.
- Invented by Ray Tomlinson in 1972, it allowed people to send messages between
computers instantly.
- The first true email system was MIT's CTSS MAIL in 1965, but it only worked for users
logged into the same system. Email networks grew from the first ARPANET email, which
was sent in 1972 and developed by Ray Tomlinson. It quickly became a standard form of
business and personal communication, reducing the need for writing letters manually.
The Internet began as ARPANET in 1973
- Developed by a team led by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn. It was meant to share
information between computers for military and research purposes.
- Early forms of computer networking were developed in the late 1960s. In 1973, Vint Cerf
and Bob Kahn created the Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), where it
made a significant step in building a global network of interconnected computers that
could share information. The internet revolutionized access to knowledge,
communication, and commerce.
The GPS (1973)
- Developed by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1978 and fully operational in 1995,
was designed for precise location tracking — first for the military, then for public use.
- In the 1980s, civilians gained access to it, leading to effective satellite navigation
systems and apps like Google Maps.
Personal Computers emerged in the 1980s
- In the 1980s, the microchip allowed households to have their own personal computers.
This enabled people to print letters and relax at home. This also became a tools for
work, education, and entertainment, giving individuals the power to create, store, and
share information.
The Mobile Phone
- Invented by Martin Cooper in 1973 and commercially released in 1983, gave people
portable voice communication without landlines.
- The invention of mobile phone enabled people to make calls on the go instead of being
tied to a landline. It also made it possible to send text messages. Over time, they
evolved into devices that could handle email, games, and media.
The World Wide Web (1990s)
- Created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, made internet information accessible through
hyperlinks and browsers.
- Where it offers a permanent and easily accessible repository for information on
webpages, the WWW contributed to the revolution of the internet. Also, Berners-Lee
wished for his innovation to be freely accessible to all. And because of this invention, the
internet is now a globally accessible, networked library
Wi-Fi (1990s)
- WiFi, or wireless fidelity, is a technology that lets users access the internet without a
cable. It is also known as a wireless local area network (WLAN). In 1997, Vic Hayes
established many protocols that popularized WiFi technology. This boosted mobility and
convenience, paving the way for smartphones, laptops, and IoT devices.
And finally, the Smartphone (2007)
- The smartphone blended many technologies into one device. The modern smartphone
allows for calls, texts, internet access, a camera, and a variety of apps. Steve Jobs
played a crucial role in developing the first smartphones. These have become
indispensable tools for communication, entertainment, and productivity.
[Closing]
Presenter 1, 2, and 3:
In summary, these inventions — from the dynamo to the smartphone — were created to solve
problems, improve communication, speed up transportation, and make life more convenient.
Each was a stepping stone to the technology we enjoy today.
Thank you for listening, and we’re now open for your questions.