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Chapter 9: X-ray Interaction with Matter
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The two primary forms of x-ray interaction in the diagnostic range are _____.
a. Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption
b. Compton scattering and pair production
c. photoelectric absorption and coherent scattering
d. coherent scattering and Thompson scattering
ANS: A
The two primary forms of x-ray interaction in the diagnostic range are Compton scattering
and photoelectric absorption.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 148
OBJ: Describe each of the five x-ray interactions with matter.
2. An incident x-ray interacts with an atom without ionization during _____.
a. photoelectric absorption
b. Compton scattering
c. coherent scattering
d. pair production
ANS: C
An incident x-ray interacts with an atom without ionization during coherent scattering.
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DIF: Moderate REF: page 148
OBJ: Describe each of the five x-ray interactions with matter.
3. An outer-shell electron is ejected and the atom is ionized during _____.
a. photoelectric interactions
b. Compton interactions
c. coherent scattering
d. pair production
ANS: B
An outer-shell electron is ejected and the atom is ionized during Compton interactions.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 149
OBJ: Describe each of the five x-ray interactions with matter.
4. Which x-ray interaction involves the ejection of the K-shell electron?
a. coherent scattering
b. Compton interaction
c. pair production
d. photoelectric absorption
ANS: D
Photoelectric absorption involves the ejection of the K-shell electron.
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DIF: Moderate REF: page 151
OBJ: Describe each of the five x-ray interactions with matter.
5. The scattered x-ray from a Compton interaction usually retains _____ of the energy of the
incident photon.
a. none
b. little
c. most
d. all
ANS: C
The scattered x-ray from a Compton interaction usually retains most of the energy of the
incident photon.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 149
OBJ: Describe each of the five x-ray interactions with matter.
6. Compton scatter is directed at _____ angle from the incident beam.
a. a 180
b. a 90
c. a 0
d. any
ANS: D
Compton scatter is directed at any angle from the incident beam.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 149
OBJ: Describe each of the five
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7. As kVp _____, the probability of photoelectric absorption _____.
a. increases, remains the same
b. increases, decreases
c. decreases, decreases
d. decreases, remains the same
ANS: B
As kVp increases, the probability of photoelectric absorption decreases.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 151
OBJ: Describe each of the five x-ray interactions with matter.
8. In _____, there is complete absorption of the incident x-ray photon
a. photoelectric interaction
b. Compton interaction
c. pair production
d. coherent scatter
ANS: A
There is complete absorption of the incident x-ray photon in photoelectric interaction.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 151
OBJ: Describe each of the five x-ray interactions with matter.
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9. _____ occurs only at the very high energies used in radiation therapy and in nuclear medicine
P.E.T. imaging.
a. Coherent scatter
b. Compton scatter
c. Photoelectric absorption
d. Pair production
ANS: D
Pair production occurs only at the very high energies used in radiation therapy and in nuclear
medicine P.E.T. imaging.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 154
OBJ: Describe each of the five x-ray interactions with matter.
10. Only at energies above 10 MeV can _____ take place.
a. photodisintegration
b. pair production
c. Compton scatter
d. photoelectric absorption
ANS: A
Only at energies above 10 MeV can photodisintegration take place.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 154
OBJ: Describe each of the five x-ray interactions with matter.
11. When the mass density of T
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a. decreased, increased
b. increased, increased
c. increased, decreased
d. decreased, decreased
ANS: B
When the mass density of the absorber is increased, it results in increased Compton scatter.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 156
OBJ: Explain the effect of atomic number and mass density of tissue on the differential absorption.
12. K-shell binding energy increases with increasing _____.
a. mass density
b. kVp
c. atomic number
d. mAs
ANS: C
K-shell binding energy increases with increasing atomic number.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 151
OBJ: Explain the effect of atomic number and mass density of tissue on the differential absorption.
13. Which has the greatest mass density?
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a. fat
b. soft tissue
c. bone
d. air
ANS: C
Bone has greater mass density than fat, soft tissue, or air.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 157
OBJ: Explain the effect of atomic number and mass density of tissue on the differential absorption.
14. Differential absorption in diagnostic imaging is primarily caused by _____.
a. photoelectric absorption
b. Compton scatter
c. pair production
d. all of the above
ANS: C
Differential absorption is primarily caused by the photoelectric effect.
DIF: Difficult REF: page 150
OBJ: Describe each of the five x-ray interactions with matter.
15. Because of differential absorption, about _____% of the incident beam from the x-ray tube
contributes to the finished image.
a. 0.5
b. 10
c. 50 [Link]
d. 95
ANS: A
Because of differential absorption, about 0.5% of the incident beam from the x-ray tube
contributes to the finished image.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 155
OBJ: Explain the difference between absorption and attenuation.
16. Differential absorption is dependent on (the) _____.
a. kVp of the exposure
b. atomic number of the absorber
c. mass density of the absorber
d. all of the above
ANS: D
Differential absorption is dependent on the kVp of the exposure, the atomic number of the
absorber, and the mass density of the absorber.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 155
OBJ: Explain the effect of atomic number and mass density of tissue on the differential absorption.
17. Attenuation is caused by _____.
a. absorption
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b. scattering
c. transmission
d. both A and B
ANS: D
Attenuation is caused by absorption and scattering.
DIF: Difficult REF: page 159
OBJ: Explain the difference between absorption and attenuation.
18. Barium is a good contrast agent because of its _____.
a. low atomic number
b. high atomic number
c. light color
d. low density
ANS: B
Barium is a good contrast agent because of its high atomic number.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 158
OBJ: Understand the advantages of the use of barium as a contrast agent.
19. The use of contrast agents increases the amount of _____.
a. differential absorption
b. Compton scatter
c. photoelectric absorption
d. all of the above
ANS: D [Link]
The use of a contrast agent increases the amount of Compton scatter and photoelectric
absorption, therefore increasing the amount of differential absorption.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 158
OBJ: Discuss why radiologic contrast agents are used to image some tissues and organs.
20. A negative contrast agent is _____.
a. air
b. iodine
c. barium
d. water
ANS: A
A negative contrast agent is air.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 159 OBJ: Discuss the types of radiologic contrast agents.
21. X-rays transmitted without interaction contribute to _____.
a. photoelectric absorption
b. the radiographic image
c. the image fog
d. beam attenuation
ANS: B
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X-rays transmitted without interaction contribute to the radiographic image.
DIF: Moderate/Difficult REF: page 155
OBJ: Explain the difference between absorption and attenuation.
22. Compton interactions, photoelectric absorption, and transmitted x-rays all contribute to _____.
a. image fog
b. differential absorption
c. patient dose
d. attenuation
ANS: B
Compton interactions, photoelectric absorption, and transmitted x-rays all contribute to
differential absorption.
DIF: Difficult REF: page 154
OBJ: Explain the difference between absorption and attenuation.
23. High kVp techniques reduce _____.
a. patient dose
b. differential absorption
c. image fog
d. all of the above
ANS: A
High kVp techniques reduce patient dose.
DIF: Moderate REF: Tpage
EST155
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OBJ: Explain the difference between absorption and attenuation.
24. At energies below 40 keV, the predominant x-ray interaction in soft tissue and bone is _____.
a. coherent scatter
b. Compton scatter
c. photoelectric absorption
d. photodisintegration
ANS: C
At energies below 40 keV, the predominant x-ray interaction in soft tissue and bone is
photoelectric absorption.
DIF: Moderate REF: page 151
OBJ: Explain the difference between absorption and attenuation.
25. If 5% of an incident beam is transmitted through a body part, then 95% of that beam was
_____.
a. scattered
b. attenuated
c. absorbed
d. back-scattered
ANS: B
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If 5% of an incident beam is transmitted through a body part, then 95% of that beam was
attenuated.
DIF: Difficult REF: page 159
OBJ: Explain the difference between absorption and attenuation.
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