SHANTINIKETAN INDIAN SCHOOL, DOHA-QATAR

MATHEMATICS
CHAPTER-2 POLYNOMIALS
NAME OF THE STUDENT: ________________________________

CLASS: X DIV: _____________ P. No: _______________

Summary
A polynomial is an algebraic expression in which the exponent on any variable is a whole
number. Example:

1
❖ 2𝑥 + 3√𝑥 is an algebraic expression but not a polynomial, since the exponent on 𝑥 is ,
2
which is not a whole number.
Degree of a Polynomial:
The degree of a polynomial is the highest power of the variable in a polynomial expression.
Eg: The degree of a polynomial 6𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 + 3 is 4.

Examples: 5𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 -The degree of the polynomial is 5

12𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 2 – The degree of the polynomial is 3

6 – The degree of the constant polynomial is 0 (6 ⇒ 6𝑥0= 6 × 1 = 6)

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Zero Of a Quadratic Polynomial:
The values for which the polynomial will be zero is called zero of a polynomial.
Consider the polynomial: 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 4
Let's find the value of the polynomial at 𝑥 = −1 by substituting −1 for 𝑥 in 𝑝(𝑥).

𝑝(−1) = (−1)2 − 3(−1) − 4 = 1 + 3 − 4 = 0

So, here 𝑥 = −1 is a zero of the quadratic polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 4.
Geometric Meaning Of Zero Of A Polynomial:
The zero of the polynomial is the x-coordinate of the point, where the graph intersects the x-axis. If a
polynomial p(x) intersects the x-axis at ( k, 0), then k is the zero of the polynomial.
Example 1: Find the number of zeroes in the given graph.

As the graph touches only one point on the 𝑥-axis, the number of zero is only 1.
Example2: The graph of a polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) cuts the 𝑥-axis at 3 points and touches it at 2 other
points. Then the number of zeroes of 𝑝(𝑥) is 5.
Relationship between Zeroes and Cofficients of a polynomial:
If α and β are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial, 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, then the sum and product of
the zeroes can be written as:

NOTE: General Form of a Quadratic polinomial is:

𝒌{𝒙𝟐 − (𝜶 + 𝜷)𝒙 + 𝜶𝜷}, where 𝒌 is a constant.

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Example1:
Find the sum and product of the roots of the quadratic polynomial 2𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 4 = 0.

Example2:
Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are 4,1.
Sum of zeroes = 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 4
Product of zeroes = 𝛼𝛽 = 1
∴ If α and β are zeroes of any quadratic polynomial, then the quadratic polynomial equation can
be written directly as:-
𝒌{𝒙𝟐 − (𝜶 + 𝜷)𝒙 + 𝜶𝜷} = 𝟎
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0
Thus, 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 is the quadratic polynomial.
Example3:
Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial, 6𝑥 2 − 3 − 7𝑥 and verify thhe relationship between
the zeroes and the coefficients.
6𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 3 ⇒ 6𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3
⇒ 3𝑥(2𝑥 − 3) + 1(2𝑥 − 3) ⇒ (3𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 − 3)
1 3
Therefore, zeroes of polynomial equation 6𝑥 2 − 3 − 7𝑥 are(− , ) .
3 2

Verification:
1 3 7
Sum of zeroes = (− 3) + (2) = 6 ⇒

1 3 −3
Product of zeroes (− ) × ( ) = ⇒
3 2 6

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 Challenge Yourself

1. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are −2 and −5. Verify the relationship between
zeroes and coefficients of the polynomial.
2. Find the number of zeroes if the graph of a polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) cuts the 𝑥-axis at 4 points and
touches it at 1 other points.
3. If 𝛼, 𝛽 are the zeroes of the polynomial, 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 − 4𝑡 + 3, then find the value of
𝛼 4𝛽3 + 𝛼 3𝛽4.
4. If one zero of the polynomials, 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 2𝑘 + 1 is seven times the other, find the value of 𝑘.
5. Find a quadratic polynomial whose sum of roots and products of roots are −3 and 2
respectively.
6. If 𝛼, 𝛽 are the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑝(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑐 = 0 such that
(𝛼 + 1)(𝛽 + 1) = 0 then find the value of c?
7. If α and β are the zeroes of quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 4 find the value of
1 1
+ 𝛽 − 𝛼𝛽.
𝛼
8. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 10, and verify the relation between the
zeroes and the coefficients.
9. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, find the value of 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 .
10. Form a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 3 + √2 and 3 − √2.
11. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial √3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4√3
12. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeroes of a polynomial such that 𝛼 + 𝛽 = −6 and 𝛼𝛽 = 5, then find the
polynomial.
13. 3+√5 3−√5
Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are and
5 5
2
14. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 3𝑥 − 75 and verify the relationship between the
zeroes and the coefficients
15. 1
Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are √3 and respectively.
√3
16. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial 6𝑦2 – 7𝑦 + 2, find a quadratic polynomial whose
1 1
zeroes are 𝛼 and 𝛽.
17. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 𝑘, satisfying the relation,
21
α2 + β2 + αβ = , then find the value of 𝑘.
4
18. If α and β are zeroes of 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 4, such that α2 + β2 = 24, find 𝑘.
19. If the sum of zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 3𝑥 2 − 𝑘𝑥 + 6 is 3, then find the value of 𝑘.
20. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial 2𝑥2 – 3𝑥 + 1, find a quadratic polynomial whose
zeroes are 3α and 3β.

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