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C@MANISH RAI 2024
By : Manish Rai
manishraee99@[Link]
FUNDAMENTAL OF ELECTRO-SYSTEM
Chapter 4
Electrical Power and Theory
❖ Introduction to Electric Power:
James Joule (1818-1889), an English scientist, confirmed Ohm's Law and discovered that a
conductor's ability to produce heat is directly proportional to both its resistance and the square of
the current flowing through it.
i.e, H∝R
𝐻 ∝ 𝐼2
We can see that when an electric current flow through a metallic conductor, the amount of heat
generated in a given amount of time is directly proportional to the conductor's resistance and the
square of the current. This relationship is given by Joule's law of heating:
i.e, 𝐻 = 𝐼2R
Where:
H = Heat generated in the conductor
I = Current flowing through the conductor
R = Resistance offered by the conductor
Definition:
The rate at which work is done in an electric circuit is called Electric power.
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡(𝑊)
Electric Power(P) = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛(𝑡)
The unit of Electrical power is J/s or Watt(W).
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL STREAM
GRADE 9
1 COMPUTER ENGINEERING
By : Manish Rai
manishraee99@[Link]
FUNDAMENTAL OF ELECTRO-SYSTEM
❖ Derive P = I2R:
We have,
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡(𝑊)
Electric Power(P) = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛(𝑡)
𝑊
or, P = ……………(i)
𝑡
Voltage is the work done (W) per unit charge (q).
𝑊
So, V = 𝑞
or, W = Vq………………..(ii)
The current (I) is the rate of flow of electric charge (q).
𝑞
So, I = 𝑡
or, q = It
Substituting the value of q in equation (ii),we get
W = VIt
Substituting the value of W in equation (i),we get
𝑉𝑖𝑡
P= 𝑡
or, P = VI
From ohm’s law, V = IR
So , P = IRI
P = I2R
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL STREAM
GRADE 9
2 COMPUTER ENGINEERING
By : Manish Rai
manishraee99@[Link]
FUNDAMENTAL OF ELECTRO-SYSTEM
❖ Electrical Energy :
➢ The total work done in an electric circuit is called electrical energy.
i.e, Electrical energy(E) = Electrical Power(P) * time(t)
E = I2R * t
➢ Its SI unit is Joule or watt-second.
➢ The most commonly used unit of electrical energy is KWhr (or unit) in our daily life.
Define 1 Joule:
➢ If 1volt voltage is applied across a circuit and 1 ampere of current is flowing through it for
1 second, then work done or amount of electrical energy will be 1 Joule or watt-second.
1 J = 1 W * 1 s = 1 Ws
1 Wh = (1*60*60) Ws
= 3600 Ws
1 KWh = 1000 Wh
= 1000 * 60 *60 Ws
= 36 * 105 Ws or Joule (J)
= 3.6 * 106
= 3.6 Mega Joule(MJ)
Note:
If a bulb is rated with 100 watts, it means the bulb can convert 100 J of electrical energy into
heat and light energy in 1 second.
Numerical
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL STREAM
GRADE 9
3 COMPUTER ENGINEERING
By : Manish Rai
manishraee99@[Link]
FUNDAMENTAL OF ELECTRO-SYSTEM
1. The resistance of the element of heater is 900Ω and current of 1.5A is flowing through
the circuit. Find the power dissipated in the circuit.
2. An electric heater operates on 220 V and draws a current of 6 A. Calculate the power
consumption.
3. The current passing through a filament lamp is 2A. If it is connected to a 12 V power
supply. Calculate the resistance of filament and power consumed by the lamp.
4. An electric heater of 220V is used on 8A. Find the power consumed by it. Also find the
cost of using the heater for one hour if the rate of electricity is Rs. 6 per unit.
5. An electric heater of 220V is used on 8A. Find the power consumed by it. Also find the
cost of using the heater for one hour if the rate of electricity is Rs. 6 per unit.
6. An electric heater of 220V is used on 12A. Find the cost of using the heater for two hours
if the rate of electricity is Rs. 9.5 per unit.
***End of Chapter 4***
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL STREAM
GRADE 9
4 COMPUTER ENGINEERING