Date : 23-06-2025 STD 12 Science Chemistry Total Marks : 123

* Given Section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [44]

1. Answer the following question:

Why a person suffering from high blood pressure is advised to take minimum
quantity of common salt?
Ans. : Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the concentration of the solutes.
Our body fluid contains a number of solutes. On taking large amount of common
salt, Na+ and Cl- ions enter into the body fluid thereby raising the concentration of
the solutes. As a result, osmotic pressure increases which may rupture the blood
cells.
2. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing non-volatile solute. What type of
deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by a solution of chloroform and acetone
and why?
Ans. : The relative lowering of vapour pressure of a solution is equal to the mole
fraction of the solute. / The vapour pressure of a solution of a non- volatile solute
is equal to the vapour pressure of the pure solvent at that temperature multiplied
by its mole fraction.
Negative deviation due to formation of Hydrogen bond between chloroform and
acetone.
3. Non-ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviations from Raoult’s
law. What are these deviations and why are they caused? Explain with one
example for each type.
Ans. : When the vapour pressure of a non-ideal solution is either higher or lower
than that predicted by Raoult’s law, the solution exhibits deviations. These
deviations are caused because of unequal intermolecular attractive forces between
solute-solvent molecules and solute-solute or solvent-solvent molecules. Positive
deviation eg: Mixture of ethanol and acetone, Carbon-disulphide and acetone.
Negative deviation eg: Chloroform and acetone, nitric acid and water.
4. Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from
Raoult's law? Give an example.
Ans. :
a. Azeotropes are binary mixtures having the same composition in the liquid
and vapour phase and boil at a constant temperature.
b. Minimum boiling azeotrope.
eg - ethanol+water.
5. i. Why are aquatic species more comfortable in cold water than in warm
water?

Page 1
 ii. What happens when we place the blood cell in saline water solution
(hypertonic solution)? Give reason.
Ans. :
i. As solubility of gases decreases with increase of temperature, less oxygen
is available in summer in the lakes/as cold water contains more oxygen
dissolved.
ii. They will shrink, due to osmosis.
6. State Raoult’s law for solutions of volatile liquid components. Taking a
suitable example, explain the meaning of positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
Ans. : Raoult’s law states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour
pressure of each component in the solution is directly proprtional to its mole
fraction.
When the solute-solvent interaction is weaker than those between the solute-
solute and solvent-solvent molecules then solution shows positive deviation from
Raoults law hence the partial pressure of each component is greater. ex. mixture
of ethanol and acetone or carbondisulphide and acetone behave in this manner.
7. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. Write two
characteristics of the solution which obeys Raoult’s law at all concentrations.
Ans. : Rault’s law states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial pressure of
each component is directly proportional to their mole fraction in solution.
Raoult's Law: According to Raoult's law, for a solution of two volatile liquids, the
partial vapour pressure of each component of the solution is directly proportional
to its mole fraction present in solution.
P1 α x1

0
⇒ P1 = P x1
1

P1 = partial pressure of component 1

x1 = mole fraction of component 1
0
P1 pure vapour pressure of component 1
Ideal solution obeys Raoult's law at all concentrations. The conditions obeyed are,
i. Δ H = 0
mix

ii. Δ V = 0
mix

Two characteristics of ideal solutions:

i. They obey rault’s law at all ranges of concentration. I.e. Ptotal = P1 + P2
ii. Both ΔH and ΔV are zero for such solutions.
8. Define the following terms:
i. Mole fraction.
ii. Isotonic solutions.
iii. Van't Hoff factor.
iv. Ideal solution.

Page 2
 Ans. :
i. Mole fraction is the ratio of number of moles of one component to the
total number of moles in a mixture.
ii. Two solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature are
called Isotonic Solutions.
iii. Van’t Hoff factor is expressed as:
Normal molar mass
i =
abnormal molar mass

iv. The solution which obeys Raoult’s law under all conditions is known as an
ideal solution.
9. State Henry’s law. Write its one application. What is the effect of temperature on
solubility of gases in liquid?
Ans. : Henry’s law states that the mole fraction of gas in the solution is
proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the solution.
Applications: solubility of CO 2 gas in soft drinks/solubility of air diluted with helium
in blood used by sea divers or any other.
Solubility of gas in liquid decreases with increase in temperature.
10. Answer the following question:
Give reasons for the following:
a. At higher altitudes, people suffer from a disease called anoxia. In this
disease, they become weak and cannot think clearly.
b. When mercuric iodide is added to an aqueous solution of KI, the
freezing point is raised.
Ans. :
a. At higher altitudes, partial pressure of oxygen is less than that at ground
level, so that oxygen concentration becomes less in blood or tissues.
Hence, people suffer from anoxia.
b. Due to the formation of complex K2[HgI4], number of particles in the
solution decreases and hence the freezing point is raised.
11. State Henry’s law and write its two applications.
Ans. : Henry’s law states that “the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (p)
is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas (x) in the solution”:
1. To increase the solubility of CO 2 in soft drinks.
2. At high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is less than that at the
ground level. This leads to low concentrations of oxygen in the blood and
tissues of people living at high altitudes or climbers.
3. Scuba divers must cope with high concentrations of dissolved gases while
breathing air at high pressure underwater. Increased pressure increases
the solubility of atmospheric gases in blood.

Page 3
12. What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult's law? Give an example. What
is the sign of ΔmixH for positive deviation?

Ans. : When vapour pressure of solution is higher than that predicted by Raoult's
law/the intermolecular attractive forces between the solute-solvent/(A-B) molecules
are weaker than those between the solute-solute and solvent-solvent molecules/A-
A or B-B molecules.
Eg. ethanol-acetone/ethanol-cyclohexane/CS2-acetone.

13. Define the term ‘osmotic pressure’. Describe how the molecular mass of
a substance can be determined on the basis of osmotic pressure measurement.
Ans. : The extra pressure applied on the solution side that just stops the flow of
solvent to solution through semi-permeable membrane is called osmotic pressure
of the solution.
Here r is the osmotic pressure and R is the gas constant.
π = (n2/V) RT

w2 RT
π V =
M2

or M2 =
w2 RT

π V

Thus knowing the quantities w2, T, ð and V we can calculate the molar mass of the
solute.
14. Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics.
Ans. : Solutions which obey Raoult’s law over the entire range of concentration:
A-A or B-B ~ A-B interactions.
Δ Hmix = 0
Δ Vmix = 0

15. Define the terms, ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’. What is the advantage of
using osmotic pressure as compared to other colligative properties for the
determination of molar masses of solutes in solutions?
Ans. : The flow of solvent from solution of low concentration to higher
concentration through semipermeable membrane is called osmosis. The
hydrostatic pressure that has to be applied on the solution to prevent the entry of
the solvent into the solution through the semipermeable membrane is called the
Osmotic Pressure.
Advantage: Unlike other colligative properties, osmotic pressure is used to
determine the Molar mass of macromolecules/polymers like protein.
16. What is "semi permeable membrane"?
Ans. : A membrane that permits the flow of solvent molecules not the solute
molecules is called semi permeable membrane. During osmosis and reverse
osmosis, only solvent molecules move across the semi permeable membrane.

Page 4
17. State Henry’s law and mention some important applications?
Ans. : The effect of pressure on the solubility of a gas in a liquid is governed by
Henry's Law. It states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid at a given temperature
is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas Mathematically, P = KHX
where P is the partial pressure of the gas; and X is the mole fraction of the gas in
the solution and KH is Henry's Law constant.
Applications of Henry's law:
i. In the production of carbonated beverages (as solubility of C02 increases
at high pressure).
ii. In the deep sea diving.
iii. For climbers or people living at high altitudes, where low blood 02 causes
climbers to become weak and make them unable to think clearly.
18. Define the following terms:
i. Abnormal molar mass.
ii. van’t Hoff factor (i).
Ans. :
i. If the molar mass calculated by using any of the colligative properties to be
different than theoretically expected molar mass
ii. Extent of dissociation or association or ratio of the observed colligative
property to calculated colligative property
19. What is meant by elevation in boiling point? Why is it a colligative property?
Ans. : The increase in boiling point of the solvent in a solution when a non-volatile
solute is added.
Because it depends upon molality/the number of solute particles rather than their
nature/△T ∝ m b

20. State the following:

i. Raoult's law in its general form in reference to solutions.
ii. Henry's law about partial pressure of a gas in a mixture.
Ans. :
i. Raoult's law states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour
pressure of each component in the solution is directly proportional to its
mole fraction.
ii. Henry's law states that at a constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in
a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution.
21. Write two differences between an ideal solution and a non-ideal solution.
Ans. :
Ideal Non-ideal

Page 5
 Obeys Roult’s law at all range of Does not obey.
concentration.
Δmix H = 0, Δmix V = 0 Δmix H ≠ 0, Δmix V ≠ 0 (or any other
difference)

22. State Raoult's law for the solution containing volatile components. What is the
similarity between Raoult's law and Henry's law?
Ans. : For the solution containing volatile components, the partial vapour pressure
of each component is directly proportional to its mole fraction. In both cases, p ∝
x/ Henry’s Law is a special case of Raoults Law.

* Given Section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [24]

23. When fruits and vegetables that have dried are placed in water, they slowly swell
and return to the original form. Explain why. Would a temperature increase
accelerate the process? Explain.
Ans. : The cell walls of the fruits and vegetables act as semipermeable membrane.
When they are dried, concentration inside becomes higher. On placing in water,
the process of osmosis takes place. So, they swell and return to their original form.
The process will be accelerated with increase of temperature because osmosis
becomes faster with increase in temperature.
24. Using Raoult’s law explain how the total vapour pressure over the solution is
related to mole fraction of components in the following solutions.
NaCl(s) and H2O(l)

Ans. : For a solution containing non-volatile solute i.e. NaCl(s) and H2O(l), the
Raoult’s law is applicable only to vaporisable component (1) i.e. H2O(l) and total
vapour pressure is written as,
0
p = p1 = x1 p
1

Where p1o reresents the vapour pressure of pure H2O(l)

25. Explain the following:

a. Solution of chloroform and acetone is an example of maximum boiling
azeotrope.
b. A doctor advised a person suffering from high blood pressure to take
less quantity of common salt.
Ans. :
a. This solution has lesser vapour pressure due to stronger interactions
(hydrogen bonds) between chloroform and acetone molecules.
b. Because higher quantity of NaCl will increase number of sodium and
chloride ions in the body fluid which can increase the osmotic pressure of
body fluid, i.e., blood pressure of a person.

Page 6
26. State Henry’s Law. What is the significance of KH?

Ans. : Henry’s law: It states that “the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase
(p) is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas (x) in the solution” and is
expressed as:
p = KHx
where, KH is the Henry’s law constant.
Significance of KH: Higher the value of Henry’s law constant KH, the lower is the
solubility of the gas in the liquid.
27. What is the significance of Henry's Law constant KH?

Ans. : Henry's law is expressed mathematically as,

p = KHx (where, p is the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase & x is the mole
fraction of the gas in solution)
Thus it is significant from above equation that, "Higher the value of Henry’s law
constant KH at a given pressure, the lower is the solubility of the gas in the liquid".

28. Which aqueous solution has higher concentration-1 molar or 1 molal solution of
the same solute? Give reason.
Ans. : Here density determines the relative concentrations of the solutions.
Case I:
When density of solvent is 1g/ mL: In aqueous solution, density of water is
normally taken as 1. This means that 1m solution has 1 mole of the solute
dissolved in 1000g or 1000mL of the solvent. At the same time 1M solution
contains 1 mole of the solute in 1000mL solution, which is the volume of both
the solute and solvent present in the solution. This clearly shows that the
solvent present in 1M solution is less as compared to 1m solution. Therefore,
1M solution is more concentrated than 1m solution.
Case II:
When density of the solvent is less than 1g/ mL: This means that the volume
of solvent (mass/ density) will be more as compared to its mass. Thus, 1M
solution will be less concentrated than 1m solution.
Case III:
When density of the solvent is more than 1g/ mL: This means that the volume
of solvent will be less than its mass. Under these circumstances, 1M solution
will be more concentrated than 1m solution.
29. Give reasons for the following:
a. Measurement of osmotic pressure method is preferred for the
determination of molar masses of macromolecules such as proteins and
polymers.
b. Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water than in warm water.

Page 7
 c. Elevation of boiling point of 1M KCl solution is nearly double than that of
1M sugar solution.
Ans. :
a. Measurement of the osmotic pressure method is preferred for the
determination of molar masses of macromolecules such as proteins and
polymers because,
At room temperature, osmotic pressure can be measured, while other
colligative properties need high temperature or low temperature
conditions.
They are generally not stable at higher temperatures.
b. In water, oxygen is present in the dissolved state.
The solubility of oxygen increases with a decrease of temperature. It is due to
this reason that aquatic species are more comfortable in cold waters rather
than in warm waters.
c. KCl dissociates into K+ and Cl-, i.e. i = 2; whereas sugar does not dissociate
to give ions.
Elevation in the boiling point is directly proportional to the ‘i’ value. So, the
elevation in boiling point of 1M KCl solution is nearly double that of 1M sugar
solution.
30. a. Why is the vapour pressure of a solution of glucose in water lower than
that of water?
b. A 6.90 M solution of KOH in water contains 30% by mass of KOH.
Calculate the density of the KOH solution.
[Molar mass of KOH=56 g mol-1].
Ans. :
a. Glucose is a nonvolatile, so it decreases the vapour pressure of
solution/the number of solvent molecules escaping from the surface is
reduced resulting in the decrease of vapour pressure of the solvent.
b. Let the density of solution be = d g cm-3
Volume of solution = 1L = 1000 cm3
Mass of solution = (1000 d) g
6.90 M solution means 1 L solution contains 6.90 moles of KOH.
Mass of KOH = 6.90 × 56 = 386.4 g
But only 30% of the solution by mass is KOH
30 3
cm × (1000 d) = 386.4g
100

d = 1.288g cm-3.
Alternate Answer

Strength = molarity × mol mass

= 6.9 × 56 = 386.4g/L

Page 8
 30g of solute is present in 100g of solution
1g is present in =
100

30g
g of solution

100g×386.4g
∴ 386.4g of solute is present in = = 1288 g of solution
30 g

mass 1288g 3
∴ Density = = 3
= 1.288g/cm .
volume 1000 cm

Alternate answer
%×d×10
M =
MB

30×d×10
6.9 =
56

6.9×56 3
d = = 1.288g/cm .
30×10

* Given Section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [55]

31. When kept in water, raisin swells in size. Name and explain the phenomenon
involved with the help of a diagram. Give three applications of the phenomenon.
Ans. : Raisins swell in size on keeping in water. This happens due to the
phenomenon of osmosis. The outer skin of raisin acts as a semipermeable
membrane. Water moves from a place of lower concentration to a place of higher
concentration through the semipermeable membrane. Thus, water enters inside
the raisins and make them swell.

Applications of the phenomenon:

i. Movement of water from soil into plant roots and subsequently into upper
portion of the plant is partly due to osmosis.
ii. Preservation of meat against bacterial action by adding salt.
iii. Preservation of fruits against bacterial action by adding sugar. Bacterium in
canned fruit loses water through the process of osmosis, shrivels and dies.
iv. Reverse osmosis is used for desalination of water.
32. Why is it not possible to obtain pure ethanol by fractional distillation? What
general name is given to binary mixtures which show deviation from Raoult’s
law and whose components cannot be separated by fractional distillation. How
many types of such mixtures are there?
Ans. : The general name given to binary mixtures which show deviation from
Rault's law and whose components cannot be separated by fractional distillation is
"aziotropes".
It is not possible to obtain pure ethanol by fractional distillation because of
 following reasons, Azeotropes are binary solutions (liquid mixtures) having the
same composition in liquid and vapour phase and it is not possible to separate the
components of an azeotrope by fractional distillation. Ethanol-water mixture
(obtained by fermentation of sugars) on fractional distillation gives a solution of
approx. 95% ethanol by volume of ethanol. This has the same composition in liquid
and vapour phase and hence it is not possible to separate them.
There are two types of such binary mixtures termed as:
1. Minimum boiling azeotrope: The non-ideal solutions showing large positive
deviation from minimum boiling azeotrope at a specific composition.
For example, 95% ethanol and 5% water (by volume). The boiling points of
pure ethanol, water and its azeotrope is given below, Ethanol = 351.3K, Water
= 373K, Azeotrope = 351.1K.
2. Maximum boiling azeotrope: The non-ideal solutions showing large
negative deviation from Rault's lawform maximum boiling azeotrope at a
specific composition, viz. Nitric acid and water with approximate
composition, 68% nitric acid and 32% water by mass. Boiling point of such
HNO 3 - H2O Azeotropic mixture is 393.5K.

33. Discuss biological and industrial importance of osmosis.

Ans. : The process of osmosis is of immense biological and industrial importance
as is evident from the following examples:
1. Biological Importance:
Movement of water from soil into plant roots and subsequently into
upper portion of the plant is partly due to osmosis.
Preservation of meat against bacterial action by adding salt (i.e.
salting).
Preservation of fruits against bacterial action by adding sugar.
Bacterium in canned fruit loses water through the process of
osmosis, shrivels and dies.
When placed in water containing less than 0.9% (mass by volume) salt
blood cells collapse due to loss of water by osmosis. People taking lot
of salt or salty food experience water retention in their tissue cells
and in their intercellular spaces because of osmosis. This resulting
puffiness or swelling has been identified as a disease called edema.
Revival of wilted flowers when placed in fresh water.
2. Industrial importance:
Reverse osmosis is used for desalination of sea water- when a
pressure more than osmotic pressure is applied over sea water, pure
water is squeezed out of the sea water through a semipermeable
membrane. A variety of semipermeable membranes are available for
this purpose.
34. a. What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone?
Give reason.
 b. A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in water is labelled as
10% (by mass). What would be the molality and molarity of the solution?
(Density of solution = 1.2 g mL–1).
Ans. :
a. It shows positive deviation.
It is due to weaker interaction between acetone and ethanol than ethanol-
ethanol interactions.
b. Given: WB = 10g WS = 100g, WA = 90g MB = 180g/mol & d = 1.2g/m L
Wt %×density×10
M =
[Link]

10×1.2×10
M = = 0.66M or 0.66 mol/L
180

WB ×1000
m =
MB × WA (in g)

10×1000
m =
180×90

= 0.61m or 0.61mol/kg.
35. a. Explain the following:
i. Henry's law about dissolution of a gas in a liquid.
ii. Boiling point elevation constant for a solvent.
b. A solution of glycerol (C3H8O 3) in water was prepared by dissolving
some glycerol in 500 g of water. This solution has a boiling point of
100.42°C. What mass of glycerol was dissolved to make this solution?
(Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol–1).

Ans. :
a.
i. The Partial pressure of the gas above the liquid is directly
proportional to the mole fraction of the gas dissolved in the liquid.
ii. Boiling PointElevation Constant. It is equal to elevation in boiling point
of 1 molal solution, i.e., 1 mole of solute is dissolved in 1 kg of solvent.
b. WB = ? WA = 500 g Tb = 100.42 oC – 100 oC = 0.42 oC or 0.42K
Δ

Kb = 0.512 K kg/mol M B = 92g/mol

WB ×1000
ΔTb = Kb
MB × WA(in gram)

ΔTb × WA(in grams)

WB =
1000×Kb

−1
042K× 92 g mol ×500kg
= −1
1000×0.512K kg mol

WB = 37.73 g
36. a. Define the following terms:
i. Ideal solution.
ii. Azeotrope.
iii. Osmotic pressure.
 b. A solution of glucose (C6H12O 6) in water is labelled as 10% by weight.
What would be the molality of solution?
(Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1).
Ans. :
a.
i. Ideal Solution: Those solutions which follows Raoult’s law under all
conditions of temperature and pressure.
ii. Azeotrope: A liquid mixture which distills at constant temperature
without under going any change in composition is called Azeotrope.
iii. Osmotic Pressure: The minimum excess pressure that has to be
applied on the solution side to prevent the entry of the solvent in to
the solution through the semi - permeable membrane is called
osmotic pressure.
b. Given Molecular mass of Glucose = 180, % by wt = 10
M =
1000×wt%

(100-wt%)×mol. wt. of solute

OR M =
w×1000

M×W

1000×10
M =
(100-10)×180

10000
M =
90×180

m = 0∙617m.
37. a. Define the terms osmosis and osmotic pressure. Is the osmotic pressure
of a solution a colligative property? Explain.
b. Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00 g of
NaCl to 250.0 g of water. (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol–1, Molar mass of
NaCl = 58.44 g)
Ans. :
a. The flow of solvent molecules from solution of low concentration to higher
concentration through semipermeable membrane is called osmosis.
The hydrostatic pressure that has to be applied on the solution to prevent the
entry of the solvent into the solution through the semipermeable membrane
is called the Osmotic Pressure.
Yes osmotic pressure is a colligative property as it depends upon the number
of particles of the solute in a solution.
b. Tb = iK b m

−1 15g 1000
0
Tb − T = 2 × 0.512K kg mol × ×
b −1
250kg
58.44 gmol

Tb-373 K = 1.05 K

Tb = 374.05K or 101.05oC.

38. a. Define the following terms:

i. Mole fraction.
ii. Van’t Hoff factor.
 b. 100 mg of a protein is dissolved in enough water to make 10.0 mL of
a solution. If this solution has an osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 25°
C, what is the molar mass of protein?
(R = 0.0821 L atm mol–1 K–1 and 760 mm Hg = 1 atm.)
Ans. :
a.
i. Mole fraction is the ratio of number of moles of one component to
the total number of moles in a mixture.
ii. Van't Hoff factor is expressed as:
norml molar mass (m )
1
i =
abnormal molar mass (m' )(due to dissociation or association )
1

b. π = CRT
w2RT
M2 =
π V

−3 −1 −1
100× 10 g×0.0821 L atm mol K ×298 K×760×1000
M2 =
13.3 atm×10L

M 2 = 13980g mol–1 or 1.4 x 104g mol–1.

39. a. When 2.56 g of sulphur was dissolved in 100 g of CS2, the freezing point
lowered by 0.383 K. Calculate the formula of sulphur (Sx).

(Kf for CS2 = 3.83 K kg mol–1, Atomic mass of Sulphur = 32 g mol–1]

b. Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What
happens if we place blood cells in a solution containing.
i. 1.2% sodium chloride solution?
ii. 0.4% sodium chloride solution?
Ans. :
a. ΔTf =
Kf Wb ×1000

Mb × Wa

0.383 =( 3.83×2.56/M×100) ×1000

M=256
S × x = 256
32× x= 256
x=8.
b.
i. Shrinks.
ii. Swells.
40. a. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components.
How does Raoult’s law become a special case of Henry’s law?
b. 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered
the freezing point of benzene by 0.40 K. Find the molar mass of the
solute. (Kf for benzene= 5.12 kg mol-1).

Ans. :
 a. Partial vapour pressure of a liquid component is directly proportional to its
mole fraction in its solution.
The partial pressure of the volatile component or gas is directly proportional
to its mole fraction in solution. Only the proportionality constant KH differs

from PoA . Thus, Raoult’s law becomes a special case of Henry’s law in which

KH becomes equal to PoA .

b. Given WB = 1∙00g; WA = 50g; Kf = 5∙12K kg/ mol- 1; ΔTf = 0∙40K
WB ×1000
ΔTf = Kf
MB × WA (in grams)

WB ×1000
MB = Kf
ΔTf × WA

5.12×1×1000
MB =
0.40×50

= 256g mol-1
41. Explain the following phenomena with the help of Henry’s law.
i. Painful condition known as bends.
ii. Feeling of weakness and discomfort in breathing at high altitude.
Ans. :
i. According to Henry’s law pressure of a gas is directly proportional to
solubility. Scuba divers when come towards surface the air pressure
gradually decreases. This reduced pressure releases the dissolved gases
present in blood and leads to the formation of bubbles of nitrogen in the
blood. This blocks capillaries and creates a medical condition known as
bends, which is painful and dangerous to life.
ii. At high altitude, partial pressure of oxygen is less than that of ground level.
This leads to low concentrations of oxygen in blood and tissues of people
living at high altitudes. Low blood oxygen causes weakness and discomfort.
----- -----