MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI

A
Micro Project
On
“Causes and Effects of Pollution"
For the requirements of partial fulfillment curriculum of
DIPLOMA
In
ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Submitted by
[Link] AMOL PATIL

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Ms. S .J. DAVANE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMPUTER ENGINEERING
SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC,
MAHAGAON
ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-2025
 SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL HOSPITAL &RESEARCH CENTER, MAHAGAON

“SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC”

A/P –MAHAGAON, SITE –CHINCHEWADI, TAL-GADHINGLAJ, DIST-KOLHAPUR

Certificate

th
This is to that the following student of 5 Semester of Diploma in Electronics &
Computer Engineering of Institute SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL
POLYTECHNIC, MAHAGAON-416502.
(CODE-0965) has completed Micro project on “Causes and Effects of Pollution”
satisfactory in subject “EST” subject code -22447 for academic year 2024 to 2025 as
prescribed in the curriculum.

ROLL NO ENROLLMENT NO SEAT NO STUDENT NAME

14 211214
2209650087 Om Amol Patil

DATE: / / PLACE: MAHAGAON

Ms. S .J. DAVANE MR. [Link] PROF. R. S. PATIL

(Project Guide) (Head of Department) (Principal)

 Acknowledgement

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the
kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my
sincere thanks to all of them.

I am highly indebted to S .J. DAVANE mam, for their guidance and constant supervision as
well as for providing necessary information regarding the project &also for their support in
completing the project.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & classmates for their kind co-
operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project. I would like to
express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for giving me such attention and
time. My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the project and
people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.
 INDEX

[Link] Content Page No.

1. Micro-project Proposal -Annexure -I 1-3

2. Micro-project -Annexure -II 4-11

3. Micro-project Evaluation Annexure-III 12-14

 PART A- MICRO-PROJECT PROPOSAL

PROJECT TITLE : Causes and Effects of Pollution

1. Rational
Pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and premature death. Pollution causes more than
9 million premature deaths, the majority of them due to air pollution. That's several times more deaths
than from AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined.

2. Course Outcomes
• Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.

3. Literature Review
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful materials
are called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by
human activity, such as trash or runoff produced by factories.

Types of Pollution are:

 Air pollution
 Water pollution
 Soil pollution
 Noise pollution

4. Proposed Methodology
 Focus on selection of appropriate topic for Micro project.
 Select the topic „Causes and Effects of Pollution‟.
 To meet the subject teacher and take guidelines about it.
 Searching the information related to the topic of micro-project.
 Start the procedure for project and making soft copy of project report.
 We organize all information about our topic in proper manner.
 Show the soft copy of the project report to subject teacher and make corrections in it.
 Submit the hard copy of the project report to the subject teacher.

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5. Resources required (major resources like raw material, tools, software etc.)

Name of Resource/
S. No. Specification Qty Remarks
Material
i3, 4GB RAM, 500GB HDD,
1 Desktop PC, Used
LCD screen, KBD, Mouse 1

2 Internet Connection Browser Google chrome 1 Used

MS-Office (MS-word,
3 Software 1 Used
MS- Excel, MS-
PowerPoint)

2
 PART B – Micro–Project Report

PROJECT TITLE : Causes and Effects of

Pollution

1. Literature Review

There Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause
adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy
(such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be
either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Although
environmental pollution can be caused by natural events, the word pollution generally
implies that the contaminants have an anthropogenic source – that is, a source created by
human activities. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. In
2015, pollution killed nine million people worldwide (one in six deaths).This remained
unchanged in 2019, with little real progress against pollution being identifiable. Air pollution
accounted for 3⁄4 of these earlier deaths.
Major forms of pollution include air pollution, light pollution, litter, noise pollution, plastic
pollution, soil contamination, radioactive contamination, thermal pollution, visual pollution,
and water pollution.

2. Aim of Micro project

To get known about the causes and hazardous effects of pollution.

3. Course Outcomes Integrated

• Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.

4. Actual Methodology Followed

• Focused onselection of appropriate topic for Micro project.
• Selected the topic „Causes and Effects of Pollution‟.
• We met the subject teacher and take guidelines about it.
• Searched the information related to the topic of micro-project.
• Started the procedure for project and made soft copy of project report.
• We organized all information about our topic in proper manner.
• Showed the soft copy of the project report to subject teacher and made corrections in it.
• Submitted the hardcopy of project report to the subject teacher.

3
 Causes and Effects of Pollution

 Whatis Pollution?

“Pollution is the introduction of substances (or energy) that causes adverse changes in
the environment and living entities.”
Pollution need not always be caused by chemical substances such as particulates (like
smoke and dust). Forms of energy such as sound, heat or light can also cause pollution.
These substances that cause pollution are called pollutants.
Pollution, even in minuscule amounts, impacts the ecological balance. Pollutants can make
their way up the food chain and eventually find their way inside the human body. Read on
to explore the types of pollution and their implications.

Figure [Link] of Pollution

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 Types of Pollution

There are mainly 4 types of Pollution. These are as follows:

1. Air Pollution

Air pollution refers to the release of harmful contaminants (chemicals, toxic

gases, particulates, biological molecules, etc.) into the earth’s atmosphere. These
contaminants are quite detrimental and, in some cases, pose serious health issues.
Some causes that contribute to air pollution are:

 Burning fossil fuels

 Mining operations
 Exhaust gases from industries and factories
The effects of air pollution vary based on the kind of pollutant.
But generally, the impact of air pollution ranges from:

 Increased risk of respiratory illness and cardiovascular problems

 Increased risk of skin diseases
 May increase the risk of cancer.
 Global warming
 Acid rain
 Ozone depletion
Among the other types of pollution, air pollution is theorized to have a planet-wide
implication. Scientists have even speculated an apocalypse-like scenario where air
pollution if left unchecked can bring about an extreme form of global warming
called the runaway greenhouse effect. Though this is purely speculative, it is a
phenomenon that has already occurred on Venus.

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2. Water Pollution

Water pollution is said to occur when toxic pollutants and particulate matter are
introduced into water bodies such as lakes, rivers and seas. These contaminants are
generally introduced by human activities like improper sewage treatment and oil
spills. However, even natural processes such as eutrophication can cause water
pollution.
Other significant causes of water pollution include:

 Dumping solid wastes in water bodies

 Disposing untreated industrial sewage into water bodies
 Human and animal wastes
 Agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers.
The effects of water pollution are very pronounced in our environment. Furthermore,
toxic chemicals can bioaccumulate in living beings, and these chemicals can travel
their way up the food chain, ultimately reaching humans.
Among the other types of pollution, water pollution has severe consequences on
humans. For instance, in 1932, a grave case of water pollution incapacitated the
inhabitants of an entire city in Japan with neurological diseases and mental illness for
many decades. However, the immediate cause was not apparent but was eventually
attributed to acute mercury poisoning. Methylmercury was dumped into the
surrounding bay and had ultimately bioaccumulated inside the fish. The local
population then consumed these fish, and this resulted in the manifestation of ill effects
and neurological diseases.

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3. Soil Pollution

Soil pollution, also called soil contamination, refers to the degradation of land due to the
presence of chemicals or other man-made substances in the soil. The xenobiotic
substances alter the natural composition of soil and affect it negatively. These can
drastically impact life directly or indirectly. For instance, any toxic chemicals present in
the soil will get absorbed by the plants. Since plants are producers in an environment, it
gets passed up through the food chain. Compared to the other types of pollution, the
effects of soil pollution are a little more obscured, but their implications are very
noticeable.
Some of the common causes of soil pollution are:

 Improper industrial waste disposal

 Oil Spills
 Acid rain which is caused by air pollution.
 Mining activities
 Intensive farming and agrochemicals (like fertilizers and pesticides)
The effects of soil pollution are numerous. Specific wastes, such as radioactive waste
become particularly hazardous when they are not well-contained. A well- documented
example is a nuclear accident in Chernobyl, which has left an area of 2,600 km2
uninhabitable for several thousand years.
Other effects of soil pollution include:

 Loss of soil nutrients, which renders the soil unfit for agriculture.
 Impacts the natural flora and fauna residing in the soil.
 Degrades vegetation due to the increase of salinity of the soil.

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4. Noise Pollution

Noise pollution refers to the excessive amount of noise in the surrounding that disrupts the
natural balance. Usually, it is man-made, though certain natural calamities like volcanoes
can contribute to noise pollution.
In general, any sound which is over 85 decibels is considered to be detrimental. Also, the
duration an individual is exposed plays an impact on their health. For perspective, a normal
conversation is around 60 decibels, and a jet taking off is around 15o decibels.
Consequently, noise pollution is more obvious than the other types of pollution.
Noise pollution has several contributors, which include:

 Industry-oriented noises such as heavy machines, mills, factories, etc.

 Transportation noises from vehicles, aero planes, etc.
 Construction noises
 Noise from social events (loudspeakers, firecrackers, etc.)
 Household noises (such as mixers, TV, washing machines, etc.)
Noise pollution has now become very common due to dense urbanization
and industrialization. Noise pollution can bring about adverse effects such
as :

 Hearing loss
 Tinnitus
 Sleeping disorders
 Hypertension (high BP)
 Communication problems

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 Ways to Prevent Pollution:

1. Using Public transport

2. Implementing the 3R Mantra –Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
3. Close the running water taps.
4. No plastic bags.
5. Reduction of forest fires and smoking
6. Avoid usage of crackers
7. Use filters for chimneys.
8. Use of fans instead of air conditioners
9. Disposal of e-waste in proper manner
10. Reducing the population
11. Proper ways to sewage disposals
12. No more use of loudspeakers
13. Eat organic food.
14. Use nontoxic cleaning materials.
15. Avoid burning trash.
16. Don’t smoke.
17. Use biodegradable products.
18. Try using natural fertilizer and pesticides.
19. Plant more trees.
20. Use energy saving bulbs.
21. Don’t buys products in aerosol spray cans.
22. Turn down volume.
23. No CFC‟S
24. Reuse of containers
25. Save wildlife.

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5. Actual Resources Used

Name of
S. No. Specification Qty Remarks
Resource/
Material

Intel i3, 4GB RAM, 500GB HDD, 1

1 Desktop PC Used
LCD
screen,KBD,Mouse

2 Internet Connection Browser Google chrome 1 Used

MS-Office (MS-word, MS-Excel,

3 Software MS- Powerpoint)
1 Used

6. Outputs of Micro-Project

 We understood the concept “Causes and Effects of Pollution”.

 We understood the hazardous impact of pollution on human health.

7. Skills Developed-
We acquired the knowledge about “Causes and Effects of Pollution”.

8. References-
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link] details?
siteName=books&bookId=26964&publisher=Nirali%20Prakashan&preview=true

9. Area of future Improvement-

As this is a studyreport, there is no future improvement.

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