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History Exit Exam Questions 2015

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166 views15 pages

History Exit Exam Questions 2015

Uploaded by

sisaywedaj
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

WOLDIA UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES


DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT

Target Group: 4th Year History and Heritage Management Regular


Students
Exam type: Pre-test for Exit Exam Examinees
Maximum Weight: 100%
Exam Date: 16/07/2015 E.C, at 2:30 local time
Time allowed: 2:30 Hrs.
Name ______________________________ID No________________
General Directions:
 The exam contains 15 pages including the cover page and 100
multiple choice questions; attempt all questions.
 Write the answer on the separate answer sheet provided.
 No material is allowed to hold in the exam room, except your ID
card and Pen.
 Don’t turn the page until you are told to do so.
 Any attempt to cheat or misbehave will could be taken as a
serious academic dishonesty.

Names of exam committees and their signature


1. ______________________________________
2. ______________________________________
3. ______________________________________

Megabit, 2015 E.C

Part I: Philosophy of History and Historiography (HiHm2551)

1
1. The subject history became an independent field of study in 18th century Europe by:
A. Otto Von Ranke B. Hiob Lodolf C. Herodotus D. Dillman
2. For most of the times it is believed that the history of literate societies is well studied
and documented due to the presence of written sources. What has to be done to study
the history of illiterate societies?
A. Using archaeological research
B. Depending on religious books
C. Through oral, linguistics, sociological and anthropological studies
D. Through the use of primary and secondary sources
3. The historiography of Ethiopia is mostly characterized by:
A. Bias that focuses on the history of northern half of the country
B. Chroniclers writing that focus only on the history of the upper class
C. Using of oral and linguistics to study the history of the southern part
D. All are answers
4. The two most important things in writing or studying Historical research are:
A. Collection of data about what took place; and second, the study of that data
B. Participating in historical events as eye witnesses and recording the event
C. Getting blessed by priests and sheiks
D. Getting in to field works and reporting the result
5. When we say history changes in time. It is to mean:
A. The changing of events over time
B. The changing of concepts over time
C. The changing of causes of event over time
D. None of the above
6. Doing history research is a difficult task. What makes it difficult?
A. Finding reliable sources is challenging
B. Historical evidences needs a careful cross checking
C. It is difficult to differentiate major sources in history
D. All are correct
7. One from the following is not a characteristic of good historian;
A. Made critical examination of sources
B. Selected particular details from the authentic materials in those sources
C. Synthesis those details into a narrative and reach to a conclusion.
D. Simply depends on myth and story to investigate any historical event
8. A mechanism that helps historians to differentiate one primary source from the other
is:
A. Its originality
B. Its credibility to substantiate an event with full confidence and create a narrative
C. Its proximity to the event in time and space
D. Its authenticity when compared with secondary sources
9. The historiography of northern and northeastern Africa is well studied than that of the
rest of Africa due to:

2
A. Its proximity to the Middle East and Europe have exposed the region to the outside
writers
B. The discovery of artifacts and other relics in the region
C. Archaeological remains and fossils are rare to find in the region
D. All except C
10. In history event took place in a sequence of time. That sequence of time is referred as:
A. Chronology B. Archaeology C. Calendars D. Historiography

Part II: Historical Research Methods II (HiHm2662)


11. Which one of the following is correct about sources of history and the duty of a
historian?
A. Primary sources of history have no proximity to the event both in time and space
B. Oral sources are ideal for illiterate societies whose histories are not recorded using
written language
C. In collecting historical data or evidence, the researcher should take the available
mass of data without sifting them.
D. Any document used for historical research must pass test of internal criticism
alone.
12. Which one of the following statement is void about the purpose of historical research?
A. It enables to uncover unknown events
B. It enables to understand significance of events
C. It enables to discover context of a movement
D. It enables to deconstruct the past
13. Which one of the following is the demerit of historical research?
A. No danger of experimenter subject interaction
B. It reduces risk
C. Difficult to provide generalizations
D. It is synthetic and eclectic in its approach
14. Of the following ministers which were established in the 1 st decade of the 20th c by
MenelikII, the one that was responsible to keep state archives was?
A. Minister of Justice C. Minister of the Exterior
B. Minister of the Interior D. Minister of Pen
15. Which one of the following is not the importance of using primary sources in
historical research?
A. It consolidates the reliability of the study
B. It ensures the integrity of the study
C. It enables to arrive at invalid conclusions
D. It serves as raw material for historical interpretation
16. An author’s ability to convey the truth free of underlying values, prejudices and biases
refers to?
A. Scope B. Neutrality C. Up to datedness D. Objectivity
17. Which one of the following sources is not indigenous source used for constructing
Ethiopian history?

3
A. Ancient manuscripts B. Travelers account C. Chronicles D. Hagiographies
18. Which one of the following is not the purpose of formulating hypothesis/research
question?
A. It increases the subjectivity of the investigation
B. It enables to identify relevant data from the irrelevant one
C. It minimizes the researcher bias
D. It serves as an aid to conduct rigorous study
19. In evaluating historical documents, the historian considers the breadth and depth of
coverage of topics and this refers to?
A. Authority B. Scope C. Up to datedness D. Reliability
20. Which one of the following is correct about the methodology that a historian employs
in conducting historical research?
A. In principle, a historian is recommended to use internet sources for research
because they are well sifted and filtered.
B. A historian is said to be accurate when he/she is incompetent, dishonest and
biased
C. In finding a set of primary historical sources, historians need to be diligent and
persistent
D. To assess the authenticity of a source, the historian may not use techniques taken
from auxiliary disciplines like linguistics and epigraphy

Part III: Ethiopia and the Horn to 1270 (HiHm2111)


21. Which one of the following factor affected linguistic processes?
A. Population Movements
B. Warfare, trade
C. Religious and territorial expansion
D. All
E. A & B
22. The first culture of human beings was
A. Making Tools
B. Hunting & Gathering
C. Pastoralism
D. None
23. Which one of the following family language has dominant speakers in Ethiopia?
A. Semetic B. Osmotic C. Cushitic D. Nilo-Saharan
24. The earliest states were called___________
A. Democratic State B. Monarchical State C. Theocratic State D. Unitary state
25. Which one of the following is not a factor for the emergence of state?
A. Trade C. Religion C. Agriculture D. Pastoralism
26. Which one of the following was not the legacy of Aksumite civilization?
A. Coins B. Palace C. Rock – Hewn Church D. Obelisks
27. The major items of export of the Aksumite state was
A. Frankincense C. Garments and Textiles

4
B. Glassware and Jewelry D. Metallic Sheets
28. Which one of the following is the ancient state in the horn of Africa?
A. Damat B. Damot C. Punt D. Aksum
29. Which one of the following is contributed a lot for the interaction of the people of
Ethiopia and the Horn
A. Trade B. Population Movement C. Religion D. None
30. Which one of the following was the factor for the decline of Zagwe?
A. Decline in Agricultural Productivity
B. The Problem of Royal Succession
C. Environmental Degradation
D. All

Part IV: Ethiopia and the Horn, 1270-1527 (HiHm2112)

31. Which one of the following is not true about the relationship between Christian kings
and Muslim Provinces of the early Medieval Ethiopia?
A. The eastern frontier Muslim provinces were never fully integrated.
B. Adverse feelings between the Christian kings and the majority of their Muslim
subjects continued until the 1520s.
C. The Christian kings deeply suspected their Muslim subjects in these provinces.
D. The kings of Adal had not contact with these frontier areas and had little effect the
provinces.
32. Which one of the following characterized the figurative woman, Queen Eleni, of the
Medieval Ethiopia?
A. Effort to solve the power transition problem among Solomonic princes
B. Effort to establish diplomatic ties with the Portuguese government
C. Effort to handle political instability of the Gondarine period
D. Effort to help Emperor Tewodros to be successful
33. Which one of the following was not part of the Christian highland state at the end of
the 13th century AD?
A. Damot B. Lasta C. Northern Shewa D. Tigre
34. What was the motif behind the large scale territorial expansions and campaigns of
King Amde Tsiyon?
A. To consolidate the conflicting interests of the Muslims into a strong political power
B. To control the network of trade routes in the whole Ethiopian region
C. To expand Christianity at the expense of Islam in the Ethiopian region
D. To weaken the power of the Zagwe kings who had been affecting his rule
35. Which one of the following is not true about the Muslim provinces after they were
incorporated by King Amde Tsiyon?
A. The inhabitants had been significantly converted into Christianity.
B. Governors for these areas were carefully recruited from among the most loyal
warriors.
C. Strong military colonies were established at selected places in these provinces.
D. The provinces were under an almost constant state of emergency.

5
36. All of the following are correct about the economic conditions of the Christian state
between 1270 and 1529, except;
A. Trade had brought significant amount of income for the Christian kings.
B. The social attitude of the people had not been encouraging for craftsmanship.
C. The Christian kings had very limited control over the trade route of the region.
D. Agriculture had been the economic mainstay majority of the people.
37. What was the major factor that contributed for the political stability of the Christian
state in the 14th and the 15th centuries?
A. The frequent resurgence of different Muslim provinces in the East
B. The establishment of Amba Gishen as a royal prison for Christian princes
C. The agreement of Christian princes to solve succession problems smoothly
D. The absence of factors that could disturb the stability of the Christian state
38. Which one of the following is incorrect about the role of trade in the medieval
Ethiopia?
A. It acted as a major agent that resulted in the formation of Muslim Sultanates
B. It was mainly conducted through the port of Massawa in the Red Sea coast.
C. It served as a major source of livelihood for different Muslim communities
D. It remained a major source of conflict between the Christian Kingdom and Muslim
sultanates.
39. Why did Adal become the major challenge of the Christian kingdom after its
establishment in the late 14th century?
A. It was because of the supremacy of the Adal in the region throughout the 14 th and
the 15th centuries.
B. It was because of the Adal’s strong control over the lucrative Moqadishou trade
routes.
C. It was due to the physical distance and the desert terrain between the centres of
Adal and the Christian state.
D. It was due to the permission of the Christian rulers that Adal became major
challenge.
40. Which one of the following was not the measure taken by Emperor Zar’a Yaeqob to
stabilize and consolidate the Orthodox Church?
A. Settling the conflict among the Ethiopian clergy in order to create an amicable
church-state relationship.
B. Ordering the people to observe fasting on Wednesdays and Fridays and get Father
Confessors.
C. Encouraging the establishment of a library in every church that resulted in the
revival of religious literature.
D. Urging the clergy to confine their preaching into the central part of the Christian
state.

Part V: Ethiopia and the Horn, 1527-1896 (HiHm3111)

6
41. Which one of the following was not the consequence of the wars of Imam Ahmed in
the first half of the 16th C?
A. The weakening of the Christian kingdom
B. The destruction of priceless cultural heritages related in the Orthodox Church
C. The weakening of the both the Muslim sultanate of Adal and the Christian state
D. The widening of the territorial limit of the Christian highland state
42. Which one of the following is not true about the Zemene Mesafint?
A. Strengthening of the power ‘Solomonic’ kings
B. Insecurity of economic production
C. Strengthening of the power of regional lords
D. Political instability of northern part of Ethiopia
43. What were the two global powers that intervened in the conflict between Adal and the
Christian state in the first half of the 16th C?
A. Spain and Portugal C. Britain and France
B. Spain and Ottoman Turkey D. Portugal and Ottoman Turkey
44. Who was the famous woman that influenced the politics of Gondar in the 18th C AD?
A. Tewabech B. Menen C. Eleni D. Mentewab
45. Which one of the following factor had nothing with the commencement of Zemene
Mesafint?
A. The emergence of rival political factions
B. The death of King Iyoas
C. The coming of Michael Sehul
D. The defeat of Ras Ali at Ayshal
46. Which one of the following is true about the battle of Shimra Kure?
A. Showed the intervention of Ottoman Turks in favour of the Christian state
B. Marked Christian state’s dominancy the over the Ethiopia and the Horn
C. Resulted in the victory of the Christian army over the force of Imam Ahmed
D. Ended the supremacy of the sultanate of Adal over the horn of Africa
47. Which one of the following is true about the ‘close door’ policy?
A. It isolated Ethiopia from all Europeans for about a century and a half.
B. It was followed by the worsening of relations of Ethiopia and the Arabs.
C. It was a policy adopted by Emperor Susenyos to strengthen relations with Jesuits.
D. It was launched in the beginning of the nineteenth century.
48. Which one of the following is hardly true about achievement of Gondarine period?
A. The production of a wealth of religious paintings
B. The revival of external contact with Christian Europe
C. The development of trade and urbanization
D. The construction of secular and religious buildings
49. The conflicts, peaceful contacts and population movements of medieval Ethipia had
resulted in ____________.
A. Interaction and integration across ethnic and religious diversities
B. Homogeneity of languages, cultures and religious beliefs
C. Complete disintegration of Ethiopia and the Horn of African region
D. Development of separate identities without having any kind of contact

7
50. One of the following was not the reform of king Fasiladas;
A. The restoration of Orthodox Christianity as state religion
B. The establishment of Amba Gishen as a royal prison
C. The establishment of a royal prison at Amba
D. The inauguration of the Close Door Policy’

Part VI: Ethiopia and the Horn, 1896-1941 (HiHm3112)


51. One of the following is not significant in the development of Ethiopian modern
institutions and infrastructures to 1941?
A. The completion of Addis Ababa - Djibouti railways
B. The coming of expatriates
C. The introduction of communication services
D. The spread of spiritual solutions for medical services
52. In which battle field emperor Haile Selassie I led the army of imperial bodyguard to
fight against Italians on March 31, 1936?
A. Amba Aradom C. Michew
B. Temben D. Shire
53. During the period of Diarchy(1916-30), the progressives were:
A. Links with foreign countries for political, economic and social reforms
B. Hostiles of modernizations
C. Conservatives devoted their time on religious issues
D. Traditionalists that opposed the involvement of Europeans
54. The measure that taken by Menelik II to solve problem of succession following his
illness and the death of Ras Mekonen was:
A. mitigated the abuses of Lebashay
B. Consolidated absolutism and modern bureaucracy
C. Established ministerial system for decree of continuity
D. Assigned Empress Zewuditu as his successor to secure old traditions
55. The pretext of Italo Ethiopian war (1936-41) was:
A. Ethiopian admission to league of Nation 1923
B. The opening of Italian Legation in 1897
C. Walwal incident of 1934
D. An attempts to kill the Italian viceroy
56. Which one is not true about the second phases of patriotic resistance movement
A. The establishment of Black Lion organization
B. the transition from the conventional to guerrilla warfare
C. the patriotic centered on the rural areas
D. rudimentary systems for gathering intelligence
57. A British commander who attacking against Italy to liberate Ethiopia through Kenya
in1941was:
A. General Wingate B. General Cunningham C. Sanford D. General Platt
58. In which country Lij Iyasu had a good relation to push Italy out of Eritrea and
Somalia?

8
A. Germany B. Britain C. France D. Japan
59. Which events happened fist?
A. The establishment of Holeta Military Academy
B. The establishment for office of abolition slavery
C. Emperor’s grand tour to Europe
D. The first written constitution
60. Which state incorporated forcefully by Menelik II territorial expansion after the Battle
of Adwa?
A. Welayta B. Harar C. Arsi D. Kaffa

Part VI: History of Hydropolitics in the Nile Basin to 1959 (HiHm3881)

61. By the People of Agew in Ethiopia the River Nile is known as;
A. Ghion C. Tekezi
B. Gessia D. Nil
62. Of the following one is considered as a significant factor for Hydro hegemonic
character of the Nile River water utilization. Which one?
A. Upstream economic development
B. Normatic Agreement tactics
C. Just international water laws
D. The development of legal and institutional framework
63. Which one of the following events considered as primary factor that increased Egypt’s
importance in the eyes of European power?
A. The construction of Suez canal C. The rise of Mahadist in Sudan
B. The Berlin conference D. Fashoda incident
64. After the victory of Gundet and Gura Ethiopia got;
A. The wall city of Harrar C. The highland region of Bogos
B. The coastal area of Massawa D. None of the above
65. In Tripartite agreement of 1906 Britain’s vested interest was defined on;
A. Nile Basin C. Red Sea ports
B. Railway zone D. Eritrean highland area
66. Among the following countries one is recipient of Nile River. Which one?
A. Egypt C. Uganda
B. Ethiopia D. Kenya
67. ________ Incident brought Britain and France in to brink of war in 1898.
A. Omdurman C. Aswan
B. Watch-Dog D. Fashoda
68. In 1891, Britain and Italy agreed,
A. To regulate their sphere of influence over Equatorial lake region
B. To delimit their sphere of influence over Northeast Africa
C. To recognize Italian domain over Blue Nile river Basin
D. To build reservoir in wetland area of northern Sudan
69. Of the following statement one is stated by the Greek historian Herodotus about the
Nile. Which one?

9
A. “Egypt is the mother of the world”.
B. “The only matter that would take Egypt to war against is water”.
C. “Nile is the gift of the Egypt”.
D. “Egypt is the gift of the Nile”.
70. Egyptians applied various mechanisms to protect their status over the Nile River.
Except,
A. Stabilizing upstream C. Covert operation
B. Containment strategies D. War rhetoric

Part VIII: Africa, 1500-1884 (HiHm2222)


71. All are sound about the writing of the African history, except one;
A. The writing of the African history is as old as the writing of history itself
B. Started by the indigenous Africans long years before the coming of Europeans
C. Marginalized by the colonial scholarship
D. Magnified by the colonial scholarship
72. The two most important economic activities in the tropical forest zone of pre-colonial
Africa were:
A. Trade and fishing C. Hunting and gathering
B. Agriculture and mining D. Trade and manufacturing
73. All were the motives that stimulated the Europeans to come into Africa since the 15 th
century except _____
A. To overcome Muslim supremacy over the Red Sea
B. The establishment of sugar plantation of the Atlantic islands
C. The desire of exploring the entire part of Africa
D. The demand to flourish and their civilization
74. Which one is invalid about slavery and slave trade in Africa?
A. They were an indication of power and wealth
B. Due the arrival of Europeans, slaves mostly used for domestic purpose
C. The arrival of Europeans changed the African ownership
D. Many societies in Africa with hierarchical forms of government traditionally kept
slaves
75. Slaves were acquired in Africa via all the following means except --------
A. Tribute. B. Pawing. C. Raiding. D. None
76. All are the outcomes of legitimate commerce in Africa except________
A. African economy became monetized
B. Infrastructural developments
C. The expansion of slave trade
D. African economies tied to the European dependency
77. Why did Europeans see advantages in using African slaves in the Americas? Because:
A. Many Africans had experience in manufacturing
B. Many Africans had been exposed to European technology
C. Many Africans had been exposed to European disease
D. Many Africans had been exposed to European civilization

10
78. All are valid about the abolition of slave trade except one
A. The first government to denounce the slave trade illegal was the Danish
B. The rise of humanitarians in Europe condemned slave trade on moral grounds
C. The expansion of sugar plantation ended slave trade
D. Religious revival in Europe condemned slave trade as being opposed to laws of
God
79. Which country in Africa was considered the “door” to the third world and the ring of
France’s territorial possessions?
A. Morocco B. Algeria. C. Senegal D. Djibouti
80. The prime objective of the Berlin conference was
A. To legalize the partition of Africa among Africans
B. To ensure the Africans recognition to the European effective control
C. To establish a basic rule of dividing Europe
D. To avoid open conflict among European powers

Part IX: World History, 1848-1945 (HiHm3332)


81. Of the following one makes Unification of German and Italy similar except one;
A. Involvement of political leaders
B. Presence of foreign intervention
C. Both of them had started at the same time and end their unification process too
D. Their unification finally realized through war
82. Which one was not true about WWI?
A. Fall of major dynasties
B. African sentiment for independence aroused
C. Partly caused by past disagreement
D. Establishment of UN
83. The peace settlement made in the post WWI was characterized by;
A. Dominated by the "Big Four" Wilson, Clemenceau, Lloyd George, and Orlando of
Italy
B. Was unfair treaty to German and her Allies that later led to WWII
C. It was an ever lasting peace that deter people of the world not to fight the same
war again
D. Names of the treaties was given by the victorious nations to be an enduring
legacies
84. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was broke out due to one of the following except;
A. Political oppression and absence of peace
B. Presence of weak administration and Corruption
C. terrible working conditions and shortage of food
D. presence of Marxist and Leninist organization and struggle
85. The economic developments in the period between 1919-1939 includes;
A. Great depression and the New Deal
B. advent of fascism and Nazism to power
[Link] weakness to keep world peace

11
D. Beginning of WWII
86. German invasion of the Soviet Union during the WWII was known as;
A. Operation Sea Lion C. Operation Weserubung
B. Operation Barbarossa D. Swinging door operation
87. The 1848 Revolutions and its impacts on the social, political and economic structures
of Europe define with the following but one;
A. Unifications of Italy and Germany
B. Rise of New men
C. Destruction of Feudalism and serfdom
D. It did not effect on Denmark, Holland and Switzerland
88. At the end of the eighteenth century, romanticism emerged as a reaction to the ideas of
__________
A. Enlightenment B. Nationalism C. Realpolitik D. Liberalism
89. In the new phase of Western expansion during the nineteenth-century, European
nations began to view Asian and African societies as __________
A. Markets for Western gold and silver.
B. Sources for spices, tea, and silk.
C. Markets for industrial raw materials.
D. Markets for Western manufactured goods.
90. What was the main achievement of the Treaty of Kanagawa?
A. It resolved territorial disputes between China and Japan.
B. It opened Japan to American trade, ending 200 years of Japanese isolation.
C. It marked the end of the Shogunate and the beginning of the Meiji Restoration.
D. It ended the Japanese war with Russia.

Part X: Heritage Conservation and Management in Ethiopia (HiHm4771)


91. Which one of the following is not true about heritage management in Ethiopia?
A. In Ethiopia, cultural heritage management system is extremely effective to protect
historical and archaeological sites.
B. Valuing heritages and launching of management practice especially traditional
heritage management has deep rooted history.
C. Absence of an ingenious heritage management has long affected the development
of history, identity, science and anthropological values in the country.
D. All
92. Which one of the following is the reason for conserving and managing heritages
assets?
A. For aesthetic values C. For scientific Values
B. For historical values D. For economic Values E. All
93. Among the following which one is correct concerning to heritage potentials in
Ethiopia?
A. Ethiopia is endowed with incredible rock-cut churches embodying great
architectural, aesthetic and artistic significance built over its past.

12
B. An absence of colonialism effect, endowed the country with ample, intact and
remarkable heritages in Africa.
C. Ethiopia is one of the African countries endowed with diverse cultural heritages
built over the course of its history.
D. All
94. From the given alternative which one is not true?
A. Both types of cultural heritages (tangible and intangible) are vulnerable to natural
and manmade disasters.
B. Cultural heritage management principles provide a guiding framework for
excellence in managing heritage properties.
C. Many of our important heritage sites with outstanding values are not enclosed as
protected areas.
D. None
95. Which one of the following is not the major challenge with regarding to heritage
management in Ethiopia?
A. Many Specific elements of the heritage conservation and protection laws are
subjected to various interpretations
B. The current conservation mechanism employs more of preventive rather than
curative or interventive measures.
C. Conservation and management of heritage is a shared responsibility.
D. All except E. All
96. Among the following which one is true about world heritage sites of Ethiopia?
A. Ethiopia has thirteen heritage sites that are inscribed in the World Heritage List.
B. The Omo valley is the prominent geological and archaeological site in Ethiopia
that bears remarkable traces of human revolution.
C. According to UNESCO, the old town of Harar is considered as “the fourth city of
Islam” with 82 mosques, three of which date from the 10 th century and 102
shrines.
D. Semen mountain national Park is the only natural heritage site in the country
registered by UNESCO as World Heritage Site.
E. All
97. Which one of the following is not principle of heritage conservation?
A. Respect for the original location D. Respect for original fabric
B. Reversibility E. Legibility
C. Conservation Ethics
98. Which of the following is odd?
A. Simien mountain national park C. Lalibella rock -hewn churches
B. Tiya, prehistoric site D. Fasil royal compound and others

99. Among the following which one is the final decision of the world heritage committee
except one?
A. The site would be inscribed on the world heritage sites.
B. The site should not be inscribed on the list.

13
C. The nomination should be referred back to the state party for additional
information.
D. The nomination should be deferred for more in depth assessment or study.
[Link] one of the following criteria is not used by World Heritage Committee to
designate cultural heritage as World Heritage Site?
A. Bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a
civilization which is living or has disappeared.
B. Contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and
aesthetic importance
C. Be an outstanding example of a type of building or architectural or technological
ensemble or landscape which illustrates significant stage or stages in human
history.
D. Represent a masterpiece of human creative genius
E. All

Answer Sheet

Name _______________________________________ ID No __________

Theme I: Historiography and Historical Research

HiHm2551 HiHm2662
1._____ 11._____
2._____ 12._____
3._____ 13._____
4._____ 14._____
5._____ 15._____
6._____ 16._____
7._____ 17._____
8._____ 18._____
9._____ 19._____
10._____ 20______
Result out of
10

Theme 2: Ethiopian History

14
HiHm2111 HiHm2112 HiHm3111 HiHm3112 HiHm3881
21._____ 31._____ 41._____ 51._____ 61._____
22._____ 32._____ 42._____ 52._____ 62._____
23._____ 33._____ 43._____ 53._____ 63._____
24._____ 34._____ 44._____ 54._____ 64._____
25._____ 35._____ 45._____ 55._____ 65._____
26._____ 36._____ 46._____ 56._____ 66._____
27._____ 37._____ 47._____ 57._____ 67._____
28._____ 38._____ 48._____ 58._____ 68._____
29._____ 39._____ 49._____ 59._____ 69._____
30._____ 40._____ 50._____ 60._____ 70._____
Result out
of 10

Theme 3, 4&5: African History, World History and Heritage Management


Themes
HiHm222 HiHm3332 HiHm4771
2
71.______ 81._____ 91._____
72.______ 82._____ 92._____
73.______ 83._____ 93._____
74.______ 84._____ 94._____
75.______ 85._____ 95._____
76.______ 86._____ 96._____
77.______ 87._____ 97._____
78.______ 88._____ 98._____
79.______ 89._____ 99._____
80.______ 90._____ 100._____
Result out
of 10%
Result out
of 100%

15

Common questions

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From 1527-1896, the interplay of politics and religion greatly influenced the historiographical narrative of Ethiopia and the Horn. Political conflict, such as during the Zemene Mesafint, and religious shifts, including the reinstatement of Orthodox Christianity, deeply affected the regional power dynamics and cultural developments. These elements were crucial in shaping the region's identity and continuity amidst both internal and external challenges .

The historiography of northern and northeastern Africa is more developed due to the region's proximity to the Middle East and Europe, which exposed it to external writers and researchers. This geographical advantage facilitated the exchange of ideas and documentation, making its history more accessible and studied than other African regions .

Ethiopian historiography is characterized by biases that emphasize the history of the northern half of the country and the upper class, often neglecting the southern regions and lower classes. This bias can lead to incomplete historical narratives and an underrepresentation of diverse perspectives. It highlights the importance of using oral and linguistic methods to study regions and groups not covered extensively by traditional historiography .

Conducting historical research is challenging due to difficulties in finding reliable sources, the need for careful cross-checking of historical evidence, and distinguishing major sources from less reliable ones. These tasks require historians to critically assess the credibility and authenticity of various sources to construct accurate historical narratives .

Primary sources are invaluable for historical research because they offer credible and firsthand information that enhances the reliability and integrity of studies. However, challenges include potential biases within the sources and the difficulty of accessing or interpreting them accurately without the context offered by secondary sources. These challenges necessitate thorough cross-examination and contextual understanding to ensure accurate historical interpretation .

The history of literate societies is often well-documented due to the presence of written sources. In contrast, illiterate societies require alternative methods like archaeological research, oral histories, linguistic studies, and sociological and anthropological analyses to uncover their histories. These methods help construct historical narratives in the absence of written records .

Trade and interaction significantly shaped medieval Ethiopia's socio-political landscape by promoting ethnic and religious integration across diverse groups. These interactions facilitated the exchange of ideas, goods, and cultures, leading to a more interconnected society despite underlying tensions. Trade routes played a crucial role in this, also acting as sources of conflict and collaboration among different communities .

Chronological sequencing, or chronology, plays a crucial role in historical research by organizing events in a time-based sequence. This organization allows researchers to understand the progression and interconnection of historical events, contributing to a clearer understanding of causes, effects, and trends over time. Without chronological sequencing, it would be challenging to grasp the context and evolution of historical narratives .

Historians differentiate primary sources based on originality, credibility to substantiate events with confidence, proximity to the event in time and space, and overall authenticity as compared with secondary sources. These criteria allow historians to construct a reliable narrative that accurately reflects past events .

The 'close door' policy significantly impacted Ethiopian history by isolating the country from European influences for about a century and a half, aiming to preserve its cultural and religious integrity. This isolation had both positive and negative consequences: it protected Ethiopia from external colonial influences while also limiting economic and technological advancements due to reduced international trade and interaction .

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