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RIZAL’S BIRTH
JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y
ALONSO REALONDA
• was born on Wednesday night, June 19, 1861.
• was named before St. Joseph and St. Protacio
• Baptized in June 22, 1861 by Calamba’s parish priests,
Fr. Rufino Collantes and his godfather was Pedro
Casanas.
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Ancestry of Jose Rizal (Dr. Austin Craig)

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JOSE – from St. Joseph, whom his mother was a devotee

PROTACIO- from St. Protacio, the patron saint for June 19

RIZAL- adopted from Narciso Claveria’s decree; used to avoid conflict

and hostility of the Spaniards “ricial” –means a green pasture

MERCADO- his father’s surname

ALONSO- his mother’s maiden name

REALONDA- was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her

godmother based on the culture by that time
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Don Francisco Mercado

(1818-1898)

▪ was born in Biñan, Laguna.

▪ He studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in
Manila
▪ Moved to Calamba after his parent's death.
▪ Became a tenant farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda.

▪ Died on Jan 5, 1898

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Doña Teodora Alonso Y Realonda (1826-1911)

▪ was born in Meisik, Sta. Cruz Manila.

▪ She studied at Colegio de Sta. Rosa in Manila
▪ A woman of refined culture and character, with
exemplary literary talents, the fortitude of a spartan
woman and with business ability, she managed their
store.
▪ Died on August 16, 1911
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Saturnina, 63 (1850-1913)
“The Second Mother”

▪ “Neneng”, Children:
▪ she was married to Mauel T. Hidalgo of Tanauan • Alfredo married to Aurora
Batangas. Tiaoqu
▪ In 1909, Saturnina published Pascuals Poblete's • Adela married to Jose Ver
Tagalog translation of Noli Me Tangere
• Abelardo

• Amelia and Augusto who

both died young
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2. Paciano, 79 (1851-1930)
“The Big Brother”

▪ He studied Latin under maestro Justiniano Cruz attending

the Colegio de San Jose in Manila.
▪ He lived and worked with Fr. Jose A. Burgos
▪ He became an ally of the Katipunan
▪ He became a general in the revolutionary army during the
1900's
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3. Narcisa, 87 (1852-1939)
“The Hospital Sister”

▪ “Sisa”, Children:

▪ she was married to Antonio Lopez (Nephew of • Emilio

Father Leoncio Lopez) • Angelica married to Benito
▪ She was a musician and an educator from Pueblo de Abreu
Morong (former name of Rizal Province) • Antonio married to Natividad
▪ She could recite from memory almost all poems of Arguelles
Jose Rizal • Isabel, Francisco, Arsenio, and
Fidela all whom died young
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4. Olimpia, 32 (1855-1887)
“The Go-Between”

▪“Ypia” or “Yepa” Children:

▪she was married to Silvestre Ubaldo, a • Aristeo married to
telegraph operator of Manila Leonarda Limja
▪ She died while giving birth in 1887 • Cesario and another boy;
both died young
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5. Lucia, 62 (185-1919)
“A Fellow-Sufferer”

Children:

• Delfina married to General

▪ she was married to Mariano Herbosa (nephew of SalvadorNatividad (Delfina helped
Father Casañas) of Calamba Laguna Marcella Agoncillo in making the first
Philippine Flag in Hongkong)
▪ Her husband, Herbosa died of Cholera and was denied
of Christian burial being the brother-in-law of Rizal • Concepcion

• Patrocinia married to Jose Battalone

• Teodosio married to Lucina Vitingco

• Estanislao, Paz, Victoria and Jose.

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6. Maria, 86 (1859-1945)
“The Confidant”

Children:

▪“Biang”, • Encarnacion married to

Rosendo Banaad
▪married to Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, • Mauricio married to
Laguna Concepcion
• Arguelles

• Petrona, Paz, Prudencio,

who all died young.
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7. Jose Rizal, 35 (1861-1896)

▪“Pepe”
▪ The greatest Filipino hero
▪was born on June 19, 1861.
▪was executed by the Spaniards on
December 30, 1896.
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8. Concepcion, 3 (1862-1865) “A
Dear Loss”

▪ “Concha”
▪ Died at the age of 3; her death was
Rizal's first sorrow in life
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9. Josefa, 80 (1865-1945)
“The Katipunera”

▪ “Panggoy”
▪ She was epileptic and died spinster at
the age of 80
▪ She became a member of Katipunan
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10. Trinidad, 83 (1868-1951)

“The Steward”

▪“Trining”,
▪ Last of the siblings to survive and died as
spinster too; died at the age of 83.
▪ She became a member of the Katipunan
▪ Caretaker of “Mi Ultimo Adios”
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11. Soledad, 59 (1870-1929)

“The Teacher”

Children:
▪ “Choleng” • Trinitario married to Maria
▪ She was married to Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba San Mateo then married
▪ She became a teacher, said to have been “the best Bernabe Malva (Son of
General Miguel Malvar)
educated” among Rizal's sisters. • Luisa married to Jose
▪ 1929 - passed away at the age of 59 Arguelles
• Serafin and Felix who died
young
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The Mercado’s Home

• one of the
distinguished stone
houses in Calamba
during the Spanish
times.
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▪ Calamba was named after a big native jar. A hacienda

town which belonged to the Dominican Order.
▪ Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town).
▪ The first memory of Rizal, was his happy days in the
family garden when he was three years old.
▪ The Rizal children were bound together by ties of love and
companionship.
▪ At the age of three, Rizal began to take part in the family
prayers.
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▪ At the age of 5, he was able to read the Spanish Bible with

help of his mother and began to make sketches with his pencil
and to mold in clay and wax objects which attracted his fancy.
▪ On his nearly 7, his father took him for a pilgrimage to
Antipolo in order to fulfill his mother's vows which was made
when he was born.
▪ Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Children) - Rizal’s first
poem in native language at the age of eight.
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His Early Education

▪ His early education was concentrated on 4R’s –reading, writing,
‘rithmetic and religion.
▪ His mother was his first teacher
▪ He was taught how to read and write in Spanish.
▪ 1. Mastro Celestino - 1st private tutor
▪ 2. Maestro Lucas Padua - 2nd private tutor
▪ 3. Leon Monroy - former classmate of Rizal's father,
became his tutor; he instructed Jose in Spanish and
Latin - he died five months later.
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4. Uncle Jose/Juan Alberto -taught him love for the open air and
developed in him a great admiration for the beauty of nature.
5. Uncle Gregorio - a scholar, instilled into the mind of his nephew a
great love for books.

6. Uncle Manuel -He looked after the physical training of his sickly
and weak nephew

7. Father Leoncio Lopez - fostered Rizal's love for the scholarship

and intellectual honesty; an old parish priest of Calamba.
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His Education at Biñan

▪ He left Calamba for Biñan in June 1869, accompanied by Paciano.
▪ Paciano brought him to the school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
▪ experienced the first fight to his teacher’s son

▪ He was awarded as “painter of the class”

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There were two events that took place which

brought sorrow to his life:
1. The execution of the three priests: Gomez,
Burgos and Zamora.
2. The imprisonment of his mother.
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∙ GomBurZa –courted the governor’s ire (Rafael Izquierdo) by

advocating the secular movement to Filipinize the Philippine
parishes and was supported by the lawyers, Joaquin Pardo de
Tavera and Antonio Ma. Regidor.
∙ February 17, 1872 – the three priests were executed in spite of
the Archbishop’s plea for clemency for their innocence.
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His Mother’s Imprisonment

• Before June 1867 –Doña Teodora was accused, together with her brother, Jose
Alberto, as accomplices in an attempt to poison his brother’s wife.
• Antonio Vivencio del Rosario –Calamba’s gobernadorcillo helped her
brother’s wife filed a case.
• During her arrest, Doña Teodora was forced to walk from Calamba to Santa
Cruz (50 km). She was incarcerated in the provincial capital of Sta. Cruz where
she spent two years and a half of her life.