Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology
Department of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE)
Fundamentals of ICT
ICE 1111
MURSHEDA NUSRAT DELLA
LECTURER
Chapter-5
DEPT. OF ICE
BAUET
Data Communication
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Data Communication
The transfer of data or information from one location to another is
called data communication or data transmission.
ELEMENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Transmitter or sender or source
Receiver or sink or destination
Medium
Message
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Elements of Data Communication
Transmitter
The computer or device that is used for sending the data from
one location to other is called transmitter.
In electronic data communication, computer is usually used as
transmitter.
Receiver
The computer or device that receives the data is called receiver.
It is also known as ‘sink’. The receiver can be a computer, printer
or a fax machine.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Elements of Data Communication
Medium
The path or link through which data is transferred from sender to
receiver is called medium.
Message
The data or information which is sent from sender to receiver is
called message”. It is the main element of data communication
system, due to which data communication occur.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Communication Media
The path or link through which data is transferred from sender to
receiver is called medium”.
There are two main categories of data communication media.
Guided media
Unguided media
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Communication Media
Guided Media
Guided Media Are The Physical Links Through Which Signals Are Transferred. These
Are Also Called Bounded Media. These Include Various Types Of Cables. The
Type Of Cable Chosen For A Network Depends Upon The Network’s Topology,
Size And Speed.
Commonly Used Guided Media Include Coaxial Cables, Wire Pairs And Fiber-
optic Cables.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Communication Media
Unguided Media
Unguided Media Are The Logical Links Through Which Signals Are Transferred.
These Are The Natural Parts Of Environment That Can Be Used To Transfer
Signals In The Form Of Waves. The Atmosphere And Space Are Examples Of
Unguided Media.
Commonly Used Methods Of Transmission Through Unguided Media Are
Microwave And Satellite Transmission.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
DATA COMMUNICATION MODES
The manner in which data is transmitted from one location to another
is called data transmission mode.
There are three different modes for transmitting data from one
location to another.
Simplex mode
Half duplex mode
Full duplex mode
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Data Communication Modes
Simplex Mode
In Simplex Mode, Data Is Transmitted In Only On Direction. A Terminal
Can Only Send Data And Cannot Receive Data Or It Can Only
Receive Data But Cannot Send It. In This Mode, The Flow Of
Information Is
Uni-directional. It Is Not Possible To Confirm Successful Transmission Of
Data. So It Is Rarely Used For Data Communication.
Sender Receiver
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Data Communication Modes
Use:
This Mode Is Normally Used For Remote Control Devices In Which
One Device Can Only Send Data And Other Can Only Receive
Data. TV Remote Control Is An Example Of Simplex Mode.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Data Communication Modes
Half-duplex Mode
In Half-duplex Mode, Data Can Be Transmitted In Both Directions, But
Only In One Direction At A Time.
Therefore Data Can Be Sent And Received Alternatively. Its
Disadvantage Is That A Lot Of Time Is Wasted In Changing Direction Of
Flow Of Data. So, The Transmission Rate For This Mode Is Slow.
Sender/Receiver Receiver/Sender
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Data Communication Modes
Use:
It is possible to confirm the transmission of data in this mode.
So this is normally used in wireless communication system.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Data Communication Modes
Full-duplex mode
In full-duplex mode, data can be transmitted in both directions at the
same time. In this mode, no time is wasted in changing direction of
flow of data like half-duplex mode. Therefore it is the fastest and most
efficient mode.
Sender/Receiver Receiver/Sender
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Data Communication Modes
Use:
Telephone communication is an example of full-duplex mode.
Mobile phone communication is an example of full duplex mode.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Types of Internet Connection
1. Dial-Up Connection
A dial-up connection is established between your computer and the ISP server using a
modem. A dial-up Connection is a cheap and traditional connection that is not preferred
these days as this type of connection is very slow.
To access the internet connection in the dial-up connection we need to dial a phone
number on the computer and that’s why it requires a telephone connection. It requires a
modem to set up a dial-up connection, which works as interference between your
computer and the telephone line. In this connection, we can use either an internet
connection or a telephone at a time.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Dial Up Connection
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
2. Broadband Connection
Broadband refers to high-speed internet access
that is faster than traditional dial-up access. It is
provided through either cable or telephone
composition. It does not require any telephone
connection that’s why here we can use telephone
and internet connection simultaneously. In this
connection, more than one person can access the
internet connection simultaneously.
It is a wide bandwidth data transmission that
transports several signals and traffic types. In this
connection, the medium used is coaxial cable,
optical fiber cable, radio, or twisted pair cable.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
3. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It provides an
internet connection through the telephone
line(network). DSL is a form of broadband
communication that is always on, there is no need to
dial a phone number to connect. DSL connection
uses a router to transport data and the speed of this
connection range between 128k to 8Mbps
depending on the service offered. A DSL connection
can translate data at 5 million bytes per second, or
5mbps.
DSL service can be delivered simultaneously with
wired telephone service on the same telephone line
due to high-frequency bands for data.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
4. Cable
It is a form of broadband access cable
modem that can provide extremely fast
access to the internet. The speed of this
connection varies which can be different
for uploading data transmission or
downloading.
It uses a cable modem to provide an
internet connection and operates over
cable TV lines. The speed of cable
connection ranges from 512k to 20Mbps.h
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
5. Satellite Connection
This type of connection is provided mainly in rural areas where a broadband connection is
not yet offered. It accesses the internet via a satellite that is in Earth’s orbit.
The signal travels from a long distance that is from earth to satellite and back again which
provides a delayed connection. Satellite connection speeds range from 512k to 2.0Mbps.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
6. Wireless Connection
As the name suggests wireless connection does not use telephone lines or cables to connect to
the internet. The wireless connection uses a radio frequency band to connect to the internet. It
is also an always-on connection and this connection can be accessed from anywhere and
speed may vary for different locations. It ranges from 5Mbps to 20Mbps.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
7. Cellular
Cellular technology provides wireless Internet access through cell phones. Speed may vary
depending on the service provider. The most common are 3G and 4G which means from 3rd
generation and 4th generation respectively. The speed of the 3G cellular network is around
2.0Mbps and the 4G cellular network is around 21Mbps the goal of the 4G network is to
achieve peak mobile speeds of 100Mbps but the current speed of the 4G network is about
21Mbps.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
8. ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)
ISDN stands for Integrated Service Digital Network and it is a circuit-switched telephone
network system, but it also provides access to packet-switched networks that transmits both
voice and data over a digital line. It provides a packet-switched connection for data in
increments of 64 kilobit/s.
ISDN connection provides better speeds and higher quality than traditional connections. It
provided a maximum of 128kbit/s bandwidth in both upstream and downstream directions.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
WiFi:
WiFi stands for Wireless Fidelity. WiFi uses Radio waves to provide wireless high-speed
internet and network connections. A WiFi connection is established using a wireless
adapter to create hotspots. WiFi antennas size is small enough to be placed on a very
small router. WiFi can be used to connect with a printer, computers, gaming consoles, and
many more.
WiMAX:
WiMAX stands for Wireless Inter-operability for Microwave Access. WiMAX uses licensed or
unlicensed spectrum to deliver the connection to the network. WiMAX handles a larger
inter-operable network. WiMAX can be used to provide internet services such as mobile
data and WiFi spots.
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET
Thank You…….
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering (ICE), BAUET