QUESTIONS

QUESTIONS
what were key beliefs in Hitler's 25 point programme?
how much did nazi membership grow from 1920- 1923?
how much did the SA grow from 1932- 1933
causes of the Putsch in 1923?
How many troops did hitler march with and how many members died?
how much did nazi membership grow from 1925-1929
how many seats did the nazi's lose from 1924- 1928

reorganisation?
what were the consequences of the bamberg conference?
how did SS leadership grow?
foreing exchange rate during hyperinflation
what did the price of bread rise from in hyperinflation period?
how many did the french kill in the ruhr?
what was passive resistance?
how much did export increase by from 1925-1929
how many were still unemployed by 1928
what did the great depression cause unemployment to go?
what happened to industrial production during great depression?
3 reasons why hitler rose to power?
how did hitler rise to power?
what did hitler make judges do?
what was the concordat (1933)?
how many members did the gestapo have?
ss had how many employees and how many informants?
when was the SD made and by who?
what component did the gestapo heavily rely on?
how much did food comsunption fall by in ww11?
when was the law of encouragement of marriage passed?
why did the nazi's send 5 hrs on fitness and not on academics?
when were jews kids banned from education?
when did nazi's ban women from professional jobs?
how much did the bith rate rise ?
by 1934, how many members did the youth have?
how much did building of autobahns employ?
what percentage of food and raw materials were still being imported?
how many buildings in dresden were destroyed because of allied bombing?
what were the conditions like in ghettos
what was the july bomb plot?
how many workers from berlin were able to take a holiday
what was the Wannsee conferene
AMERICA
in the Montogmery bus boycott, how many customers were black
what were the impact of the boycot 1955
impact of little rock nine?
how many ppl had participated in sitins by the end of 1961?
impact of the greensboro sit in (1960)
where did the freedom rides start from?
where were the freedom riders bombed?
which police officer let the KKK continue their work and did n to prevent?
how many more black voters from the civil rights act onf 1957
driect consequence of the race riots
impact of the freedom rides?
what happened in late 1961?
what committee was set up?
how many freedom rides by summer of 1961
how many members in black oanthers?
how many members did NOW have by 1970?
by nov 1961 what did kennedy say?
how many US marshals did kennedy send?
Campaign c occurred when?
why did MLK chose birmigham?
how many children were arrested by connor?
what did bull connor order?
what did the use of violence result in?
what was the impact of birmingham protest/campaign C
how many white ppl attended march on wahsington?
what was the result of the march?
when was the civil rights act?
reasons of importance?
succeses
limitations:
oppostion:
this failure led to?
Voting rights act?
succeses:
effect?
what was freedom summer (1964)?
black population in mississippi?
what were the aims?
events?
consequences?
how many black people voted?
march on selma aims?
events? In selma
consequences?
how much did NOI membership increase because of malcolm?
what happened after Malcolm's assassination?
what were successes of black power?
limitations:
who was stokely carmichael?
support from SNCC to balck power?
what happened to core and sncc
what org did carmichael set up in 1965?
events at olympics mexico?
consequences?
how many major race riots between 1964-67 due to problems w/ghettos
how many killed, arrested and financial loss in race riots
LA riot 1965, statistics
how many black people were living in povrty?
kerner report?
how many americans owned a tv by 1958?[ vietnam] meant publicised
how many people did senator mccarthy accuse?
how many people were registered to vote in mississippi (black?
how much less did black teachers earn than white etacher?
How many hollywood personalities were blacklisted by HUAC
how many university lecturers fired?
how many americans black, registered to vote by 1966 due to MLK?
by 1970, black people living in poverty reduced from?
in 1963 how many doctors were women?
LA riot 1965 also known as watts riot had
how much was payed for head start programme?
BROWN V TOPEKA EVIDENCE?
how much did the bus company in Montgomery lose?
how many people lined to see emmett tills body?
in 1960, how many sit ins in tnennessee
how many miles did linda brown have to walk to school?
what did HUAC stand for?
what percentage of elected representatives were black
who were rosenburgs?
what did the FBI do?
how many army officials did Mcarthy accuse to get censured?
by 1954 how many supported mccarthy?
what did the loyalty programme of the fbi result in?
red army increased how much from 1050-55)
how much did the US provide in the marhsall plan?
when did USSR test an atomic bomb
how much did the red army increase in 1950-1955
how much were the hollywood ten fined?
how many did Mccarthy accuse and how many did he reduce to?
when was mccarthy censured by senate
one positive effect of brown v topeka?
negative effect of brown v topeka
how many reporters reported the little rock incident?
how many state troops did the governor use to stop little rock?
[nazi germany] what yr were jews forced to live in ghettos or conc camps0
what was the german labour front
what was the beauty of labour scheme?
how mnay business had improved their facilities by 1939?
what was strength through joy?
how many camps by 1939?
how many member had joined the strefnth through job by 1936
how much did wages increase by?
increase in women's work by the end of ww11
how many men served in the army in ww11?
consequences of the allied bombing?
how many ppl homeless after allied bombing
how many % of newspapers owned by the nazis in 1939?
how many radios by 1942?
what sparked the womens' movment?
what gave evidence for unequal pay?
what was the equal pay act of 1963?
in the ciivl rights act of 1964 what was illegal?
what act made sexism in education illegal?
what case legalised abortion
what ways did eleanor roosevelt help the womens movement?
what successed did eleanor roosevelt achieve?
who was schlafly?
why was NOW created and what did they do?
why was NOW opposed?
how did the WLM protest/
when was the roe v wade court case?
when was the women strike for equality by NOW
opposition against the roe v wade case?
when did the burglary occur on watergate?
role of washington post in watergate?
role of the fbi?

why was watergate a scandal?

when did nixon revela recorings after not releasing them as security concern
laws made after water gate 1 in 1973, rest in 1974
VIETNAM
how many french soldiers killed in the battle of bien dien phu
where did the geneva accord agree to split north and south vietnam?
when was the battle of bien dien phu?
How much financial aid did the US begin to give french in 1951?
when was the vietminh established?
when was vietnam colonised by Japan?
when was the national liberation front created?
what was VC response to increased US involvement?
VC membership increase due to strategic hamlet progrAM?
US reaction to geneva accors in 1955 (they didn’t sign them)
what was the gulf of tonkin resolution?
when was the battle of Ap bac?
how many military advisors were in Vietnam (increased from 16000 to ?)
how many % of US casualties were caused by ambushes?
how many % of casualties US were casued by booby traps
how many civilians who opposed the VC were killed between 1966-71)
how long did the tunneling systems run for under the jungle?
what happened in the battle of Bien Gia?
how much did the us spend on the war?
hos many deaths in 1968 for US

how many US troops withdrawn during vietnamisation

how much did the number of ARVN troops increase by from 68-71
how much funding did congress give the south?
reasons for vietnamisation failing?
when were the cambodia attacks
how many us and arvn troops in cambodia attack?
how many commies killed in the cambodia attacks?
when were the laos attacks?
did the arvn lose
in the north easter offensive of 1972, what happenes
how many journalist by 1968?
what did increased media coverage mean?
when 200 soliders were publicised in 1969
who was a famous journalist who reported tet offensive as a 'stalemate'
reasons for the student movement?
how many % of soldiers ended up dead or wounded?
average age of a solider in vietnam was
avg age of a dead solider in vietnam was
how many men drafter
how did hippies protest?
how many ppl attended the biggest war protest in washington
what did the students for a demcoratic society have big influence
what about the weatherman?
how many civilians killed in my lai
how many us troops in my lai
how many telegrams sent in rpotest
what was search and destroy?
what did zippo raids do?
What was operation ranch hand?
how much did USSR aid increase to in 1967
how much of north vietnam was sprayed with chemical warfare?
how many villages sprayed with chemical warfare
what was the largest number of us deaths?
how much did the tet offensive cause the us financially
how many killed in the kent university state shootings
how many gi's sent to locations before the tet offensive to scatter them
how much was spent yearly fighting the vietcong
how was vietnamisation a success?
how many us soldiers were drug addicts by 1971 (heroin)
How common was deserting in the arvn
how many vietnamese lost their jobs as the US govt withdrew
who was fidel castro
how did some men avoid the draft
what was the phoenix programme?
what were the fulbright hearings?
features of the fall of saigon?
[MIDDLE EAST}
how many jews came to palestine from 1919-23?
how many jews came to palestine from 1924-31?
jews immigrating from 1932-39?
how many percentage of the palestine population was jewish?
in 1939, how much of the ppulation was jewish
when was the UNSCOP created?
what did the UNSCOP recommend?
what was exodus 1947?
how many british troops killed in 1946
how many men killed on the bus in bassa massacre
When was the balfour declaration signed?
what did the balfour declaration promise?
reasons for the signing of the balfour declaration
Which protest occurred in 1929 against the Balfour declaration?
what was the sykes-picot agreeement?
What were the Hussain McManon letters?
what were mandates?
why did Palestinians attack the Jews in after 1923?
Who attacked the local jews and their property in 1921?
why was the Irgun, a terrorist Jewish organisaton, formed?
why did jewish immigration increase after 1918?
How many days of Bloody clashes in Jersualem left many Jews and Arabs dead
What was the Arab response to lack of British response?
why did the Arab protest?
How did British troops respond to Arab protests?
In 1934, there were approx how many jews in palestine?
what percenatge of the population of Palestine was Jewish by 1936?
How many Jews by 1939?
what was the OFFICIAL jewish defense force called?
what were 2 causes of increased Jewish immigration to palestine?
What was the peel commission in 1936?
what were reactions to the peel commission/
how many palestinanslived in the north and were forced to relocate?
what happened in 1939 to reduce arab revolt?
How was Jeiwsh immigration reduced?
which jewish terrorist group did not fight in ww11
what was the aim of the Lehi?
what did the london conference in 1945 hold?
how many people were in disolaced persons camps across europe?
What did British secretary Ernst Bevin say to this?
what did the Lehi aim to do to after London conference?
what did the Haganah do?
how many places had railways systems blown up by the Jewish?
how many british troops killed in 1946
how many were killed in the king david hotel bombing?
why was the king david hotel such a major terrorist attack?
when did the British withdraw from palestine?
what was the UNSCOP?
what was the resolution that enforced the parition plan
why was the vote passed for this resolution?
how much was required for the vote to pass/
UN partition plan and peel commision similarities?
what was the deir al yassin masacre
what was plan Dalet?
how many fled before state was even created?
what did the Israelis blame Arab fleeing for?
what was the refugee crisis?
what was the law fo return?
how many upper to middle class arabs fled during first arab israel wai 48-49
when was israel announced by david ben gurion?
how many arab states attacked israel after its formation?
explain two causes of israeli success during the arab-israel war?
how many reguee tents set up in middle east like jordan, syria, lebanon?
when did the fedayeen begin to attack?
how much more land did israel acquire than resolution 181 stated?
how many jews began to immigrate in the next 3 years?
explain two ways in which jewish immigration was different 1948, then b4
why was it difficut economically for the jewsih state?
what were nasser's ambitions after becomign prez in 1954?
1955- IDF attacked egyptian positions in the gaza strip,
how much of the canal was owned by the british?
effects of nasser nationalising the canal?
what was the sevres agreement?
when did the zio's attack?
explain two causes of the suez canal crisis?
why was the crisis a success for zionists?
negative impacts of the suez crisis on france and britain?
impact of the crisis on egypt?
why was the straits of tiran important to israel?
why was the suez canal important to the brits?
why was the aswan dam important to egypt?
what were two causes of the six day war?
what is a long term cause of the war?
what are some short term causes?
what are some clashes that happened at the time of the six day war?
effects of the six day war?
what did israel territorial gains mean?
what did egyptian losses mena?
palestinian resistance meant?
what did the resolution 242 state?
how destructive was the six day war for palestinians?
explain two ways palestinian attacks on israel in the 70's was different to the 60
what triggered the yom kippur war?
how many societ military advisors were dispelled to please the US and peace?
Why was the yom kippur war such a military boost in confidene for egypt?
what is israels fault in this war?
how did Israel survive the Yom kippur war?
how did the ceasefire for the yom kippur war work?
how much did oil prices increase in the oil crisis on 1973-74?
Shuttle diplomacy and kissinger?
when did the OPEC begin selling oil to USA again?
outcomes of shuttle diplomacy?
what was a major turning point in brining attention internationally to palestine
when did Sadat give his speech at the Knesset?
why was the suez canal in a terrible state?
what was the framework for Israeli'egyptain peace?
ME peace solution in camp david accords?
when was the treaty of washington march?
what was this treaty?
when was sadat assassinated?
what problems arose for jimmy carter?
when were the camp david accords
key people involved in these accords?
conflict in lebanon in th 90's
what was dawsons field?
when was the munich olympics massacre
what was the impact of terrorism?
what was another effect of the shuttle diplancy?
how much of lebanon was sunni by 1970?
what did this upset in balance cause?
how many killed in the civil war in lebanon?
where were PLO hq's?
what was the PLO's presence like to the lebanese govt?
who was the 1975 civil war against?
when was the coastal road massacre? Bus attack
how many civilians and children kileld in the coastal road massacre?
what and when was operation litani?
how many killed in operation litani?
what made Israel perceive the PLO as a major threat?
when was a truce organised between israel and PLO?
what was operation peace for galilee?
how far did israel take this invasion?
israel conducted what on beirut?
aim of israel in beirut?
how many PLO fighters evacuated to tunisia their new base?
what were the sabra and shatile massacre 1982?
short term effect of this invasion?
long term impact?
long term causes of the intifada? 87-93
short term cause of the intifada?
what were some attacksin the first intifada?
who organised and cooridinated the protest?
in 1988- how many attacks of hostility reported by the idf?
what was israeli response to the intifada?
effect of the intifada on aplestinians?
how many died palestinians in the first intifada?
how many were under the age of 16:
effect on israel?
what did israelis economy do?
what was the effect on politics?
how did the first intifada change the PLO's stance?
when did arafat give another speech in the un?
why did arafat change his approach [causes]?
when did jordan renounce its claim on the west bank?
what did this mean?
when was hamas set up?
when did the islamic jihad set up?
when was the ending of the gulf war ?
what happened during the gulf war?
what was the effect of this gulf war?
what was the effect on the PLO?
how many palestinians expelled from kuwait?
when did the USSR end?
what was the impact of the end of the cold war on the PLO?
so how many palestinians earned under the state of israel?
impact of the end of the cold war on Israel?
when did negotiations kickstart and why?
when were the oslo peace accords?
what agreements made for the next 5 years?
PNA?
what other agreements made?
what did the PNA achieve?
what effects did this oslo accords have?
when were the oslo accords II?
how did the oslo II divide the west bank?
how many jewish settler in area c:
effects of the accords on palestinians?
effects of the accords on israeli?
when did netanyahu become leader?
failure of the accords?
what was the israeli perspective on Palestine?
Palestines persepctive?
the reason for the surge in violence in the second intifada?
anger?
inspiration>
arafats weakenss?
provocation?
jihadism?
foregin adi?
competitons?
what was black march and when?
who was the new PM of israel?
what was israeli response to the second intifada?
operation defensive shiled?
effects of israeli response?
when was the roadmap for peace?
who supported the roadmap for peace?
who was appointed PM as sharon did not want to talk to arafat?
causes for why the road map for peace began to seem successful?
how much did the US aid in this plan?
when did the second intifada officially end?
what was the plan for israeli withdrawal from gaza called?
why was the plan unpopular?
how many israeli settlement had been dismantled by 2005 sep
how many settlers relocated?
negative effect of this?
positive effect for israel?
impact of the second intifada on israeli?
impact of the second intifada on palestinians?
positive effect of the intifada?
why did the road map for peace end and never continue to the second stage?
how many israeli settlers at this time?
why did palestinians vote for hamas?
why was hamas seen and recognised as a terrorist organisation?
when was fatah and hamas violence?
what were the conditions before the gaza war?
what was the summer 2008 truce used fro?
israeli motives behind such a large scale attack?
how many killed on the first daw of the gaza war?
when was the gaza war started?
what was operation for israel called?
what was the aim of the idf?
effects of the gaza war on palestinians?
how many israelis died?
effects on israel?
how many air strikes by hamas in march 2012/?
ANSWERS
strong Germany, Lebensraum, superiority of Aryans, one leader, antisemtism
2000 to 20,000
400,000 to 2 million
economic crisis of weimar, 55,000 members, assisstance from bavarians, mussolini
3000 troops and 16 dead
27000 to 13000
32 to only 12 seats which became 230 in 1932
bamberg conference, Gaue and gauleiters, SA intimidating voters, hitler youth and
doctor policies ensuring support for electrion,
hitler consolidates power by making himself absolute leader, 25 point policy, no communist value
300 in 1929 to 35000 in 1933 (selected purely on fanatical loyalty and aryan features)
1 dollar = 1 trillion marks
it rose from 250 marks in Jan 1923 to 200,000 million marks in Nov
132 killed, 150000 expelled
silent strike peacefully

1.3 milliom
6.1 million in 1933
almost halved
impact of great depression, weakness of weimar constitiution, strength of the nazi party
political instability- bruning used article 48, undermining democracy, extremist support, unemployme
sign oaths of loyalty
agreement between pope and hitler to keep aside affairs, and not face religious oppostion

90000 employees, 200000 informants

heinrich himmler made SD in 1931
fear
24% per person
1933, loaned 1000 marks
less intellectual nation meant more submission, as well as soldiers and for fertility

went from 15 babies per 1000 to 19 babies per 1000 (successful) [33%]
3.5 million

20% food and 33% raw material

70%, in total 800,000 people died
unhygienic, cramped, slums overcrowded,
organised to seize control with a bomb, take control of berlin 1944, 5000 executed as it failed, slow ac

in 1942, embarked on final solution, Nazi elite devise a plan to exterminate Jews from europe, with Ein

segregation on buses was ruled uncontitutional, showed economic power of blacks, effectiveness of n
federal support could undermine state power, students faced violence, attratced world wide attention

gained publicity nationally, inspring sit ins to occur in 55 cities and 13 states, white people showed so
13 members of core took a bus from washington DC to new orleans
alabama anniston
Eugene Bull connor
3%, Eisenhower and congress believed that this would stop tarnishing intl rep of the US, satisfy civil ri
new fear and publicisation, govt force to make a kerner report on issues that riots stem from
attracted huge publicity, appalled by violence in north, violence reported worldwide led to people con
SEGREGATION ENDS IN RAILWAYS, AIRPOTYS, BUS STATIONS
freedom riding coordinating committee
60 freedom rides
2000, yet they managed to make an entie population fear

that if states didn’t desegregate interstate travel he would send marshals, this pressurised states into

1963, but was postponed

it was notorious for police brutality, one of the most segregated cities, KKK violence, this would force a
900 ++
water cannons and dogs to be used
negative prublicity as violence against children, business men scared of drop in trade, this negative p
agreement reacehd for stopping protest, so lunc counters, rest toom and drinking fountain be integrat
25% of the 250,000
I have a dream speech, major news channel boradcasting, criticism from leading female activists and

legally ended segregation, banned discrimination in voter registration tests, banned segregation in public places like motels, re
banned segregation and enforced the ban, federal gov ensured people got civil rights
business/schools found ways to avoid as no set time limit, didn’t ban discrimination, no federal low en
dixiecrats, public places becomign private businesses, increased violence towards activist increasing b
march from selma and montogemry march in 1965
federal legislation which made racial discrimination in voting illegal
literacy tests banned, 80,000 more voters by 1965, more balcks were elected into public offices, this m
every state had to have same requirement, federal officials overlooked voting in states w/less than 50
CORE and SNCC aranged a project to get more black voter registration in Mississippi
45% blacks
to target mississippi, most segregated state, elections year, so to increase black voter registration, sta
700 white americans worked with black people, trained them to pass literacy tests w/freedom schools
violent reaction from KKK, johnson forced to sign civil rights act as media coverage blasted, basic edu
out of 17000, 1600
to protest against dificult literacy tests. To increase black voter registration in Selma where it was only
bloody Sunday (marchers met state troops which threw tear gas) became known as bloody Sunday, p
forced johnson to convince congress to pass voting rights acts, bloody Sunday had a lot of media cove
it increased from 500 in 1952 to 30000 in 1963
gained influence for his aims and ideals as violence for self defense and black nationalism
free breakfast for school children, pride in culture like afro, 1967 the national committee of nergro chu
they didn’t have federal support due to radicality, they were seen as violent and split the movement,
a civil rights actvist, once freedom rider, turned to black power due to slow progress, reorganised the
stokely turned the whole movement towards black power, did campaigns, made militant speeches wh
lost members due to radicality, many white american feared this change, positive was black pride in c
Lowndes country freedom organisation- aimed to increase black voters
black athletes (smith and carlos) raised fist in support of black power on live tv aired internationally. G
booing from the crowd, death threats, however they attracted more supporters to movement

200 killed, 27,000 arrested, 45 million dollars worth of damage

14,000 guardsmen called, 34 killed, 4000 arrested

1968- ordered by johsnon to find out, reasons were racism, polic brutality, poverty, no action by autho
83% this meant that they could see the reality of the war
205 -later reduced the no to 57

324 hollywood personalities (internationall famous entertainment industry),

400000, helped them vote after the passing of the voting rights bill
56% to 30%

34 dead, 4000 arrested, 40 million worth property damag

1.5 billion- for teachers to educate poor, young children
in south carolina, black scools received 43 $ per student and white schools received 179$ per student
65% of icnome
tens of thousands lined on streets, as open casket funeral, thousands attended the funerall, mamie
5000 sit ins
4 miles
house unamerican activities committee
10.9%, meaning black political rep after the voting rights act
couple convicted and executed for espionage, after 1949 soviet bomb
edgar hoover began investigations, leaked info to the press,

intense investugations resulted in 1200 being dismissed, and 6000 resigning

2.8 million to 5.6 million
13.3 billion

2.8 million to 5.6 million

1000 $
205 to 57

725 schools integrated

White Citizens Council set up in mississipi
replaced trade unions and forced workers to join, strikes were banned,
canteens, swimming pools were created in work places

sponsored trips, they tended to be cheaper

200000+ people in 6 concentration camps
35 million registered as members
86 marks to 100 marks
60% of the workforce was made of women, as medics, rearmament factories
13,7 million, leading to women being recruited in rearmament factories and as medics
refugees, shortage of labour, destruction of cities , rationing (introduced in 1939, people like pregant
7.5 million, meaning refugees pressuring other cities

16 million
eleanor roosevelt, betty friedan;s book, the feminine mystique, unequal pay
presidential commission on the status of women
men and women were given equal pay
gender discrimination
education amendment act of 1972
roe v wade case 1973
pressured presidents to employ women in govt positions, did women only press conference to employ
1961 presidential commission on womne, 1963 equal pays acts, gaind intl recongition
anti feminist, created STOP to stop equal rights amendment to be signed, wrote speeche for women t
1966, equal pay act was not implemented, inspired many to challenge the system, won court cases fo
felt poor women werent supported, had radical views like aboriton and equal rights amendment act
1968, miss america, they threw makeup and bras, to defy norm how women were for their looks, they
1973, federal and supreme court support for legal and safe abortions

Natioanl right to life committee, and states made abortion a difficult procedure.
17th JUNE 1972
brought public attention, convinced democrats that investigation of the issue was needed, Bernstein a
found links between creep and white house plumbersm carried out two year long investigation, source

NIXON DENIED IT AS WHITE HOUSE LAYWER JOHN DEAN HADNT FOUND LINKS TO ANYONE INSIDE, in
5th aug, 1974, showing the extent to his involvment, meaning US public loss trust in american politics
1973- war powerc act- congress approval needed for war 1974- privacy act- privacy rules for govt on

along the 17th parallel

500 million yearly

in 1941

1960 also called vietcong, Minh encouraged their creation

attacks increased from 50 in sep 1961 to 150 in october (geurilla attacks)
Viet Cong membership, which rose by 300% within two years.
send military advisors to South Vietnam to bolster the anti-communist regime
Johnson the authority to use military force in Vietnam without a formal declaration of war

20,000 in response to the increased support of the vietcong

300km
US airfield attacked, VC did a ground assault, effectively decimating the US soldiers by overrunning th
167 billion

393,000 to 532000
4 billion
inadequate funding, corruption, weak economy, lack of support for governemnt, militarily weak

30000 US, 50000 ARVN

YES EVEN WITH US AIR SUPPORT HAD TO RETREAT

120000 troops from the north, us responded with op, linebacker, destroying hanoi and haiphung war i

public perception of war changed, no censorship reality was shown, govt was lying, mistrustful, losing
people were appalled
walter cronkite
politics, education rights, racism, ant-vietnam
h

white, middle class 100000 students in 150 colleges rejecting traditional ways (8.5 million minority)
radical bombed NYC, boston, Washington in 1970-71

US troops would looks for viet cong targets, and then burn down villages with food supply or any trace
set fire to villages
it was aimed at stopping the vc from hiding, but it caused 3500 refugees, and 3 million suffered healt
505 million

in 1968, 16000 deaths

26000 million approx

50000, left the us unprepared

30 billion
Arvn troops increased to 532,000 and 25000 us troops withdrawed

15000 soldiers did it

the commie leader of cuba who some students controversially supported

fled the country, 50000
1968 it started, CIA operation, to kill, interrogate, arrest the vietcong
1971, it included criics of the war, John Kerry a war veteran testified against the war, questioned Ame
North strenght, had 500,000 soldiers and captured 1/2 of south vietnam by april 1975, like the city of

around 80,000 mainly due to persecution

246,000 gained sympathy from states and drove them to establish a jewish state
25% by 1936
1/3, 460,000
in may 1947, the UN tried to get different viewpoints
a partition plan
Haganah bought a ship, sailed refugees from france that were refused by the royal british navy and se

more than 100

a national homeland for the Jewish people

this did not commit Britain to a Jewish state but a home, they wanted Jewish financing and American s
a palestinian protest in Jaffa saying 'Down with the balfour declaration' showing how Palestinian civil r
France and Britain dealing with how the middle east would be controlled after WW1, this was contradi
The british supported an Arab, independent state In exchange for fighting against the Ottomans and g
arab lands under French and British control
they felt that the British supported Jewish self-determination more than the palestinian cause, they ha
the Arabs did, in Jaffa 47 Jews died, and 48 arabs died
they were formed as the Jewish did not feel protected and secure by British soldiers
they has encouraged rights to move to Palestine, due to the balfour declaration, US immigration act o
4 days, 133 Jews died and 116 Arabs died
Protest, went on a strike, refusing to work, they attacked British troops, railways, oilpipes
felt zionism was another form of imperialsim, betrayl by the British in ww1
they stole possessions and invaded homes, Palestininan leaders were arrested and beaten
254, 000

1/3 of the population

the Haganah
encouraged immigration via balfour declaration, rise of anti semtiism and fleeing from Germany
two state solution, disproportionate distribution of land
Arabs were unaccepting as this meant they had to move from the north, very fertile and acgriculture h

Jewish immigration
the white paper was signed in 1939, removing the idea of a partition as Arab support was needed fro
Lehi
to remove British jurisidiction from Palestine, and enforce unrestricted immigration of Jews
jewish demands for the immediate creation of a state, enforced sympathya fter holocaust

he said this would result in civil war, and this would lose support of arabs necessary for oil dpendency
enforce british withdrawal, and caused major public scandals and horrify british public to put pressure
gain sympathy and transport holocaust survivors

91, 7 jews and 40 + arabs

held britsh army foundations and palestinian govt offices, held british headquarters, this led to britain
1947 Feb
part of the UN responsible for palestine, proposed partition plan with equal economic benefits
resolution 181
US and USSR backed support as they wanted in in middle east policy
2/3 majority and it did
both forced a parition plan, a two state splution both had unfair split of land, made jerusalem an intl z
107 killed in this village, during plan dalet, which was forceful occupation by the jews, took place befo
Jewish taking control of all arab villages in Jewish controlled land
300,000 arabs fled
Arab leaders saying on radio that they must run for their lives
54 teneted camps across arabia, palestinas could not return to get their posessions, stopped by israel
anyone with Jewish blood would be granted citizenship in israel
better military organisation due to the haganah later forming the IDF, and david ben gurion and milita

from tents into gaza strip

1.5 million, made easier by law of return

law of return, established, independent israeli state, guaranteed citizenship, due to persecution and e
couldn’t use suez canal, arab league boycotted israel and any foregin company that traded with israe
nationalising the suez canal and pushing for british troops to leave, arab nationalism, improving the li

angered brits and french, wanted international legal action, nasser was considered a hero in the arab
oct 1956- gurion secretly met brits who planned to have a zionist attack on egypt and overthrow suez
29th oct 1956
nasser nationalising the canal in july 1956, french, british and israel interests as israel wanted to end
destroyed fedayeen bases, stopped the blockade, security increases, captured many weapons, UN pe
reputation destroyed for dirty tactics, did not remove nasser from power, US became main powrer, int
nasser had control over suez, made deal with USSR fro aswan dam, egyptian lives improve, military st
economic trade route, blockade of it was seen as an act of aggression, cut off acess to asia and africa
economic trade importance, 2/3 oil went through for britan, imperial interests and military asset,
would control the flooding of the nile and would be a symbol of egyptian independence with its compl
egypts military actions and diplomacy;closure of the straits of tiran, and escalating tension
arab neighbours refusing to accept jewish statehood
cairo summit, arab leaders meet and israel feels threatened in 1964. the head water diversion plan, N
fatah attacks into israel, response to the village of samu, israel killed 18 in jordan, shot down 6 syrian
israels territorial gains and massive egyptain losses, palestinian resistance strengthens
gained control of the sinai, gaza strip, west bank, golan heights and meant more than a million palest
demoralised, nasser resigns, confidence lost, israel asserts military superiority in region, more than 11
PLO forms, armed resistance, yasser arafat, un resolution 242 calls for israel to give back colonised te
israel had to withdraw for territories occupied in recent conflict, arab states had to recognise israel, th
1 million more under jewish control, 300k fled to jordan, many not allowed to become citizens of othe
were coordinated from within israel, rather than from bases in jordan, terrorism scaled to internationa
when sadat realised that Israel would not listen to peace and negotiate and violence was needed, it w

although they lost, they managed to break down israel's defence, cause major losses, cause them to b
ignored warning signs and tried to play the victim
IDF was well trained and had better quality military supplies, US airlifted 2.2 billion dollars of equipme
UN called for a ceasefire, and the USSR backed down due to cold war tactics, whilst the Arab states pu
12 dollars a barrel, and caused world inflation
to negotiate with egypt, israel, and syria [it was difficult with syria as they did not want to give up the
by mid 1974
the golan heights became a DMZ, limited short term success, egypt and syria agreed to acknowledge
Yasser arafat's 1974 UN speech, granting the PLO observer status
sunken ships, causeway of the israelis, 164 km of landmines
Israel would leave the sinai in 3 yrs, egypt would receive 1 billion a year for 10 yrs from US, Israel wou
palestinians could hold elections in 5 yrs, israel accepted palestinian rights, elections meant israeli wi

sadat and israel PM begin, signed right to live in peace, so withdrawl of sinai and israeli ise of canal, th

1979, the priority was Iran, soviets invading afghanistan. And elections in 1980

kissinger, Begin, Anwar sadat

hezbollah v israel in the south, and christians vs plo in
the pflp hijacked four aeroplanes and blew them up, Israel responed by attacking jordan, 1970
1972, 11 killed
did not change israeli policy, secret operation wrath of god launched to assassinate terroists, yasser a
intensive cmapaing led to the reopening of the suez canal in 1975
1 tenth
maronite chirstians desperately tried to ground power, and resorted to violence

beirut, operated from their

undermined their authoirty and efforts to stay out of arab israeli conflict as the plo regularly conducte
christain and phalange militants [10k] against the plo, the druze, muslims

38 and 13 were children

1978 march, a swift response of israel, 26000 troops invaded lebanon
1100 civilians, most were, as the PLO had orders to relocate north
USSR backing and weapons like anti aircraft ones which could go head to head with Israel
mid 1981, but it was used effectively by Israel to plot another invasion in 1982
1982 jun 6 th, with 70000 troops, and 800 tanks, israel invaded lebanon to destroy plo bases
bombed towns, 12000 civilians killed, and 300000 omeless
tried to evict the PLO, constant bombardement and cut off food, water, killed 20000 innocent
installing a pro israeli chiristain phalange militant leader, gamayel
11500, escorted by the US and france to stop this never ending conflict
ariel sharon, pm of israel, allowed phalange militants to kill the '2000' plo they thought remained, and
negative publicity for israel, innocents massacred, internationally condemned for attack on refugee ca
hezbollah formed and they were aiming to remove israel from lebanon backed by iran
humiliation of living under israeli who did not accept palestiniants but took taxes, lack of jobs, unhygie
israeli killed in gaza, a revenge attack killed some palestinians, and another rpalesitinian killed trigger
raising the palestinian flag, throwing rocks, mass demosntrations, burning cars, anti israeli graffiti
UNLU - the united national leadersip for uprising

calling reserve soldiers, putting a curfew, censorhsip, breaking the arms of children who thrw rocks, h
felt united, and empowered, ordinary life became harder due to curfews, schools closed down, employ

300, 1/4 under the age of 16

100 civilians killed
economy suffered due to collapse of tourism and palestinian boycott
israeli society divided into the right wing who wanted harsher sanctions and the left wing who condem
they changed their policy to become more moderate, and were accepting of a two state solution

formation of hamas and islamic jihad, UNLU which threatened his role as leader of the cause, struggle

the west bank could be a possible area under palestine

1987, committed suicide bombings

iraq invaded kuwait, oil producing nation, US led coalition with 34 countries, operation desert storm la
US become a more suitable negotiator as it formed new allies in the middle east, israel's intl reputatio
PLO discreditied, Saudi and kuwait withdrew financial support, PLO was bankrupt,

1991 dec
200000 new soviet jews immigratng, this would decrease employmnet of palestinians under israel, th

USA depended on Israel before as it was its only ally In the middle east during the cold war, now it wa
Israeli new govt, Rabin PM was more ready to negotiate with the PLO as it meant ending the intifada,

PNA would elect its members democratically and control internal affairs of palestine, israel would with
Palestinian national authority
PLO acknoledged israels right to exist, renounced violence, PLO accepted as representuve of palestini
increase employment, 20000 teackers, 30000 in the police force, security, controlled/ managed foreig
optimism for peace increased, israel would gain securiyt from terrorist attacks, palestine got land and
1995 to expand on the terms of part 1
3 parts, A; completely PNA controlled, 3% of the west bank B; joint control, no israeli settlers, C: more

optimism lowered, VERY unfair division of land, natural resources under israel's control, hope to restor
moderate - accepted peace extremists assaninated rabin two months after, saw this as god given land

lack of trust between two sides to fulfill their end of the bargain
set up road blocks as arafat did nothing to disarm hamas, economy was down because of arafat's corr
road blocks hampered economic rev, travel between cities difficult, UN reconstruction meant allowing
rivalry, yasser arafat's weakness, jihadism, provocation, inspiration, anger
frustration at the lack of progress since oslo, israeli settlers, and corruption
inspired by geurilla warfare done by hezbollah in kebanon 1980's
did not control hamas/ islamicjihad, and so youth wanted to join those, he supported members of the
1.3 million bullets fired by IDF. Incident like the death of mohammad al doura, caught between cross fi
9/11, osama bin laden influenced hate, martyrs were the dead
iran backed the islamic jihad, and foreing weapons
not one group was in total power, more violence was done to assert and have the most influence
2002, a number of suicide bombing happened in israel killing 111
ariel sharon,
rockets, suicide bombings, meant Israel retaliated with operation defensive shield. Laid siege to arafa
IDF killed 500, in a refugee camp they killed 54, forcibly reoccupied six major cities in the west bank
shockwaves sent through intl media seeing the number of children and women killed, hardened hatre

UN, US, russia, and the europian union

Mahmoud Abbas
arafat dies, Abbas reappointed, he puts effort in stopping palestinian violence, Sharon agrees to talk.
50 million in aid
feb 8 2005
disengagement plan
it was among the right wing, but israel faced US pressure to make peace with the palestinians in turn

sharon lost political support within his own party, formed a new one called forward
got international praise
unemployment at 10%, 30% in poverty, 731 civilians died, tourism collapsed, stressful, damaged israe
5000 killed, 25% unemployed, 60% in poverty, 5000 homes destroyed, 12% separated from farms, su
ceasefire guaranteed israel more security, while although israeli withdrew from gaza, they still contro
jan 2006, hamas wins elections and stops peace process, also israeli right wing believed they had a ri

social facilities provided, cared for, while fatah was seen as corrupt
qassam rockets fired, smuggled weapons/bomb making equipment through egypt, tunnels, sanctions
june 2007, ended with fatah getting expelled from gaza
80% in extreme poverty, lack of food, medical supplies due to international sanction and israeli blocka
for israel ro prepare for a large scale offensive to kill 20000 hamas fighters, hamas was preparing to d
recent loss to hezbollah in the north, wanted to prove itself a military power in the region, new PM oba
225 deadliest massacre in 60 yrs of conflict
dec 27 2008
operation cast lead
kill hamas, destroy tunnels, seize equipment
1000 + killed, 24 mosques destroyed, 8 hospitals, 400 homes, hatred ofr israel hardened

negative publicity, propaganda war ended as images of innocent children and destroyed schools surfa
How many females were in the reichstage by 1932?
how many dposits were given in 1926 after stresemann promised of a new currency and bank security
 stations,

ctivists considering his disadvantageous situation.

nixon was involvec
govt that held info abt them
Us embassy, marked end of war, Vietnam was a united communist nation
had less military

unrestricted due to the establishment of isralei governemnt,

ith was Arafat
apartheid wall was built.
 112
4900 million marks by the end of 1926