Structural features-
Tenses-Flashback Flashforward
POV-1st 2nd 3rd
Dashes- Used to add on to information or create suspense
Connectives-
Connectives and transition signals
Connectives link sentences, phrases and ideas in your writing to guide your reader through
your work. Transition terms are a type of connective that specifically indicates some kind of
change or development.
Connectives can demonstrate your analysis and criticality, the flow of your work, the
development of your material, or a different angle or change in direction.
Connective examples:
The first claim, [topic] can be explained by…..
For example...
However; in contrast; on the other hand...
Nonetheless; despite this; although...
In addition; furthermore...
Therefore; consequently; as a result...
Similarly...
Appropriate assertion
Avoid stating that something is 'definite' in your work because you probably can't explore all
potential outcomes of the statement in your essay. Use academic caution to suggest
conclusions in your writing, and avoid terms like 'obviously', 'undeniably', 'certainly' and
'definitely' (unless you're quoting someone else).
Instead of using casual terms like 'surely' or 'everybody knows', you should use phrases like
'It is common knowledge' or 'It is generally accepted...'.
You could use these phrases:
This shows...
It is evident that...
It is therefore possible to conclude that...
The argument strongly suggests that...
This is supported by...
This demonstrates...
Cautious language
Academic caution is about not making absolute statements of fact.
Example of cautious language:
Seems to; tends to; looks like; appears to show; indicates; could be seen as...
Thinks; assumes; believes; suggests...
May; might; could; perhaps...
Probably; possibly; perhaps; conceivably...
Challenging arguments
You can express doubt about or challenge your evidence, an argument, or a claim in your
resources. You can also express doubt about something you've said.
Five examples of phrases to express doubt:
It is possible that this means...
This could indicate that...
The argument is plausible because...
This claim is debatable because...
Therefore, it is an implausible argument...
Using evidence
Evidence can come from a range of sources. Your field will have specific requirements and
reputable sources. Your evidence could come from data, results, findings, newspapers,
databases, documentaries, or sound logical thinking and argument.
Examples of phrases to introduce evidence:
The evidence shows...
Table 1 demonstrates...
Figure 2 indicates...
According to the results...
The argument suggests...
The author implies that...
Remember that writer implies something, and the reader infers something, when making
your word choices.
Expressing what comes first or is most important
When you need to highlight a key point in your word you could use phrases like:
The primary issue...
The key point...
The principal argument...
The main point...
First, this essay will...
Expressing sequence
Your reader should be ware of where they are in your work. It's easy to lose your place
when reading extended writing so you should include some guidance in your assignment.
Expressing sequence also demonstrates that you're thinking logically and systematically to
present your points or argument, and keeping in touch with how elements relate to each
other.
Examples of terms to express sequence:
Previously...
Next...
Secondly...
Furthermore...
Subsequently...
In addition...
Moreover...
Expressing finality
Your conclusion will usually summarize the information in your essay. You can use terms
like:
Lastly...
Finally...
Overall...
Ultimately...
In conclusion…
Phrases and clauses- A phrase is a group of word with no subject or verb but has a
meaning. A clause is a group of words with subject and verb that has a meaning.
Conjunctions- FANBOYS
Complex sentences- They are made up of one dependent and one independent clause.
Bullet points- To create a list
Short sentences- Are used to hook the reader on to the story to create suspense or
excitement.
Dialogues- They are used when a character wants to speak.
Explicit and Implicit meanings- Explicit are the same meaning as its written and implicit
means behind the lines.
Prepositions-In: She is sitting in the park.
On: The book is on the table.
Under: The cat is hiding under the bed.
Behind: The car is parked behind the building.
Beside: John is standing beside his sister.
Above: The birds are flying above the clouds.
Below: The fish are swimming below the surface of the water.
Near: There is a grocery store near my house.
Among: The flowers are among the trees.
Through: They walked through the forest.
Across: The bridge stretches across the river.
Between: The pencil is between the books.
Around: They walked around the block.
With: He went to the movies with his friends.
Without: She went to the party without her phone.
Adverb-
Quickly: She ran quickly to catch the bus.
Slowly: The turtle moved slowly across the road.
Carefully: He handled the fragile vase carefully.
Quietly: Please speak quietly in the library.
Loudly: The music was playing loudly at the concert.
Happily: They danced happily at the wedding.
Sadly: He looked sadly at the broken toy.
Well: She plays the piano well.
Badly: He performed badly in the exam.
Suddenly: The doorbell rang suddenly.
Gradually: The sun gradually set in the evening.
Completely: She finished her work completely.
Gently: He touched the baby's face gently.
Honestly: She answered the question honestly.
Briefly: He explained the situation briefly.
‘l]