MkVk flD;wfjVh&fMftVy tkudkjh dks mlds iwjs thoupØ ds nkSjku vuf/kd`r igqap] Hkz"Vkpkj ;k
pksjh ls cpkus dh izfØ;k MkVk lqj{kk dgykrh gSA
MkVk lqj{kk dks lwpuk lqj{kk ;k dEI;wVj lqj{kk ds :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
LkkW¶Vos;j @gkMZo;
s j bfUØI'ku] cSdvi] MsVk ekfLdax ,oa MsVk fjewoy
MsVk ekfLdax& vius ewy v{kjksa vkSj la[;kvksa dks la'kksf/kr djds MsVk dks fNikus dh çfØ;k MsVk
ekfLdax dgykrh gSA data encryption, data ageing, data scrambling, data
shuffling, data substitution, data nulling out(Deletion), value
variance(number and date variance), pseudonymization
Cypher- A message written in secret code. xqIr dksM esa fy[kk x;k eSlst
☺Debugging- Software esa vkbZ =qfV bug dks gVkus dh fØ;k fMcfxax dgykrh gSA fMcfxax ds
fy, software patch isp ls viMsV jguk t:jh gSA
foUMkst dEI;wVj dk lcls egÙ[Link] fgLlk lkW¶Vos;j isp ds lkFk viMsV jguk gSA
mi;ksxdÙkkZ dks MsVk dk fu;fer csdvi Hkh cukuk pkfg,A vkSj tkapuk pkfg, fd cSdvi lQy gS ;k
ughaA
fdlh Hkh laonsu'khy cSdvi tkudkjh dks bfUØIV fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj HkkSfrd :i ls lqjf{kr j[kuk
pkfg,A
fMokbl daVªksy ,oa ,Iyhds'ku daVªksy dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg, ftlls ih;j Vw ih;j Qkby 'ks;fjax vkSj
;w,lch Mªkbo rd igqapus ls jksdrk gSA
mi;ksxdÙkkZ dsoy mUgha daI;wVjksa dks usVodZ rd igqapus dh vuqefr nsa tks flD;ksfjVh ikWfylh dk
vuqikyu djrs gSaA
MsVk dks lqjf{kr djus dk vxyk rjhdk MªkWickWDl tSlh DykmM vk/kkfjr esy lsokvksa rd deZpkjh dh
igqap dks vo:) djds fu;a=.k j[kuk gSA bu fu;a=.kksa esa osc vk/kkfjr ;wvkj,y fQYVfjax] ,Iyhds'ku
fu;a=.k vkSj MsVk bafØI'ku ykxw djuk pkfg,A
ok;jysl bafØI'ku Hkh MsVk dh lqj{kk djrk gSA ;wtj dks okbZQkbZ izksVsfDVM ,Dlsl 2 ;kfu WPA2
tSls etcwr bafØI'ku dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A
How to avoid spam
mi;ksxdÙkkZ dks bZesy xsVos ij bZey s fQYVfjax lkW¶Vos;j pykuk pkfg,A tc fdlh vokafNr bZesy
izs"kd ds ckjs esa fuf'pr ugha gks rks bls rqjar gVk nsuk pkfg, D;kasfd blesa esyos;j gks ldrk gSA
bZesy O;wvj esa izhO;w eksM ¼iwokZoyksdu eksM½ mi;ksx esa ugha ykuk pkfg, D;kasfd bl eksM esa LiSe eSlst
T;knk izkIr gksrs gSaA
lctsDV ykbZu dks ns[kdj LiSe eSlst dk irk djus dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg,A
bZesy irs dks T;knk mtkxj ugha djuk pkfg,A
bZesy irk mtkxj djus okyh cqjh vknrsa&
1- vkdkZbOM¼laxzghr½ esfyax fyLV ij iksLV djukA
2- lks'ky ehfM;k ij esy irk mtkxj djukA
3- vklku lk bZesy irk cukuk ftlesa izFke uke] ljuse ,oa diuh uke 'kkfey gksaA
4- odZ vkWfQl bZesy o ilZuy bZey s dks vyx&vyx ugha j[kukA
,d lkFk dbZ yksxksa dks bZesy Hkstrs le; bcc blind carbon copy dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
osc jftLVª's ku QkWeZ ;k loZs QkWeZ Hkjrs le; lsdaMjh bZesy dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg, rkfd LiSe ls cpk
tk ldsA vf/kd tkudkjh 'ks;j ugha djuh pkfg,A
izeks'kuy vkWQj dks de ls de lClØkbc djuk pkfg,A
How to avoid being Phished fQf'kax ls dSls cps?
O;fDrxr foÙkh; ;k cSafdax lwpuk,a ekaxus okys bZesy dk tokc u nsAa
ikloMZ ;k vdkmaV dh lwpuk ekaxus okys bZesy fyad ls lko/kku jgsAa
cSad osclkbZVl rd tkus ds fy, ,Mªl
s ckj esa cSd dh osclkbZV dk ;wvkj,y VkbZi djsAa
vupkgs bZey
s esa ,EcsfMM fyad dk vuqlj.k uk djaAs
[kkyh ;k vizklafxd vuqyXud irrelevant attachment okys bZesy esa esyos;j gks ldrk gSA
vius cSad vdkmaV dks vkSj LVsVesaV dks fu;fer :i ls psd djrs jguk pkfg,A
https:// ;wvkj,y okyh osclkbZV dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg, ftlesa 'kq:vkr esa padlock dk ladsr
cuk gksrk gSA
gSdlZ Hkh flD;ksj ;wvkj,y okyh osclkbZV cuk ldrs gSa blfy, ;wtlZ dks bZesy o ilZuy MsVk ds
lkFk cgqr lko/kku jgus dh t:jr gSA
LiSe bZey
s dks uk gh [kksyuk pkfg, vkSj uk gh tokc nsuk pkfg,A ,slk djus ls Hkstus okys dks ;g
irk py tk,xk fd ;g ,d oS/k bZesy ,Mªl s gS ftldk mi;ksx og Hkfo"; esa LdSe djus eas iz;ksx dj
ldrk gSA
Ironscales, Trustifi,PhisTitan, Abnormal Security, Material security,
Mimecast, Agari, Avanan, Microsoft Defender and Boxbe tSls fQf'kax lqj{kk
lkW¶Vos;j dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg, rkfd vukWu bZey
s lh/ks bUckWDl esa uk vk,a vkSj izrh{kk lwph
waiting list eas iMs+ jgasA
daI;wVj flLVe dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds mik;
1- mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa dks ,aVhLiSe LkkW¶Vos;j dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg, tks dbZ fQf'kax bZey
s dks bUckWDl
esa izkIr djus ls jksdrk gSA lkFk gh bZesy ds Hkhrj ekStwn fdlh Hkh esyos;j dks Ldsu dj
ldrs gSA Truecaller Hkh ,d ,aVhLiSe lkW¶Vos;j gS tks dkWy o eSlst dks dyj dkWMsM
vkbZMh esa fn[kkrk gSA
2- Qk;jokWy mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa dks mudh O;fDrxr tkudkjh dks vuf/kd`r lapkj ls lqjf{kr j[kus esa
enn djrk gSA gkMZos;j Qk;jokWy jkmVj ysoy ij bULVkWy dh tkrh gS ftlls baVjusV vkSj
fof'k"V dEI;wVjksa ds dusD'ku lhfer fd;k tk ldsA dbZ jkmVlZ esa usVodZ Qk;jokWy Hkh gksrh
gSA
3- ;wtlZ dks LikbZos;j ;k Vªkt
s u tSls esfyfl;l lkW¶Vos;j dks irk yxkus vkSj mUgsa v{ke djus
ds fy, ,aVhok;jl lkW¶Vos;j tSls Avira, Avast, McAfee, Kaspersky, K7,
Norton, Quick Heal, AVG(Anti-Virus Guard), Comodo, Panda,
Webroot, Bitdefender dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
4- ysVsLV flD;ksfjVh ispt s ls baVjusV czkmtj dks ges'kk viMsV djrs jguk pkfg,A
5- lafnX/k xfrfof/k dks ges'kk fjiksVZ djsAa
6- vizR;kf'kr bZesy fyad [kksyus ls cksxl¼QthZ½ osclkbZV [kqy ldrh gS tks vkids daI;wVj
flLVe ls vdkmaV uacj] ikloMZ bR;kfn xksiuh; tkudkjh pqjk ldrh gSA
7- dEI;wVj dks lqjf{kr j[kus dk lcls vk/kkjHkwr vkSj egÙ[Link] rjhdk ,d lqjf{kr ikloMZ gSA
8- vius fiu vkSj ikloMZ fdlh dks Hkh ugha crk,aA vkSj uk gh bUgsa fy[kdj j[ksAa ikloMZ dks ;kn
djus dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg,A
9- dHkh Hkh ifCyd dEI;wVj ;k baVjusV dSQs ij ikloMZ ,aVj ugha djus pkfg, D;kasfd os dhLVªkd s
yksXkj dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
10- ,d gh ikloMZ dks gj osclkbZV ij iz;ksx esa ugha ysuk pkfg, vkSj ,d gh ikloMZ dks yEcs
le; rd ugha j[kuk pkfg,A
11- ikloMZ fdlh ds uke ls ;k Qksu uacj ls] tUefrfFk ls ;k fMD'kujh ds fdlh 'kCn ls ugha
cukuk pkfg,A
12- ikloMZ esa v{kjksa vkSj dqaftvksa dh iqujko`fr ugha djuh pkfg,A
13- ikloMZ vadks]a v{kjks]a fojke fpg~uksa] vijdsl] yksvj dsl] fof'k"V fpg~uksa dk iz;ksx djds 14
djsDVlZ dk cukuk pkfg,A ftlls ikloMZ dks Øsd djuk dfBu gksA
14- ikloMZ dh ctk; iklQzst cuk,a tks [Link].k ds fy, mi;ksx fd, tkus okys 'kCnksa dh ,d
okD; tSlh fLVªax gksrh gS tks ikjaifjd ikloMZ ls vf/kd yaCkh vkSj ;kn j[kus esa vklku gS vkSj
Øsd djuk dfBu gksrk gSA MyMalwareIsNortonSecuriT
15- ikloMZ dks bafØIV djds daI;wVj esa lqjf{kr :i ls LVksj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
16- KeePass, RoboForm tSls ikloMZ eSut s j dk iz;ksx ikloMZ MsVkcsl LVksj djus esa
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
17- daiuh ifjos'k esa dqN osclkbZVksa dks CykWd fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj LikbZos;j LFkkfir fd;k tk
ldrk gS rkfd LiSej vkSj esyos;j dk [krjk de gks ldsA
18- osc fQYVfjax lkW¶Vos;j tSls Cisco Umbrella, WebTitan, DNSFilter, URL
filtering, Webroot, OpenDNS, Proofpoint, Barracuda CloudGen
Firewall, Content Filtering iz;ksx esa yk, tk ldrs gSaA
19- ikWi&vi lans'kksa ls ges'kk lko/kku jgsa vkSj lkW¶Vos;j MkmuyksM djus ds fy, fyad ;k ikWi
vi ij fDyd uk djsa ,slk djus ls udyh ,aVhok;jl lkW¶Vos;j tSls esfyfl;l lkW¶Vos;j
MkmuyksM gks ldrs gSA
Application Control
;g ,d lqj{kk rduhd gS tks dsoy lqjf{kr lwphc) ;k vPNh Qkbyksa dks igpkurh gS vkSj
,aVjizkbt usVodZ esa fdlh Hkh ,aMiksbZaV ls xqtjus okyh CykWdfyLVsM ;k [kjkc Qkbyksa dks
CykWd dj nsrh gSA ftlls MsVk dh xksiuh;rk cuh jgs vkSj MsVk lqjf{kr jgsA
[Link] vkSj oS/krk tkap ¼Completeness and Validity Checks) igpku
¼Identification)] [Link].k (Authentification) verification]
izkf/kdj.k(Authorization)] buiqV fu;a=.k(Input control) vkSj Qksjfsa ld
fu;a=.k(Forensic Control) bR;kfn ,Iyhds'ku fu;a=.k ds mnkgj.k gSA
Examples of application control software
Checkpoint, Ivanti, Carbon Black, ManageEngine, Trellix,
ThreatLocker, VMware
Device Control
fMokbl fu;a=.k MsVk gkfu fuokj.k [Link];ksa dk dasnzh; rRo gSA ;g mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa dks ifj/kh;
fMokblst igqap dks fu;af=r djrk gSA bldk dk;Z fjewocs y LVksjst] vkWfIVdy ehfM;k Mªkbo vkSj
ok;jysl usVofdZax izkVs ksdkWy dks fu;af=r djus esa enn djuk gSA
1- fMokbl fu;a=.k ;w,lch Mªkbo ds ek/;e ls QSyus okys eSyos;j dks jksdus esa enn djrk gSA
2- fMokbl fu;a=.k mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa dks ;g r; djus esa enn djrk gS fd dkSuls fMokbl dks
dsna zh; uhfr ds ek/;e ls dEI;wVj ls tksM+k tk ldrk gSA
3- fMokbl fooj.k ds lkFk&lkFk ,aMiksbZaV ls fMokbl }kjk ,Dlsl dh x;h tkudkjh dh fuxjkuh
dj ldrs gSaA
Device control Software examples
DeviceLock DLP, GFI EndpointSecurity, ManageEngine, Endpoint
Protector by CoSoSys, Ivanti, Symantec Endpoint Protection, USB
Blocker Software.