Aarohi mishra 8th red
Chapter 8a: Household Electricity
15-18 minutes
All wires used in electric circuits should be covered with:
1. Coloring material
2. Conducting material
3. an insulating material
4. none of the above
Answer
an insulating material
Reason — All wires used in electric circuits should be
covered with an insulating material to protect from short
circuit and to protect people from electric shock.
Electrical work done per unit time is:
1. electrical energy
2. electric current
3. electric voltage
4. electrical power
Answer
electrical power
Reason — Electrical power is the rate of doing work.
Work done
Electrical Power =
time taken
One kilowatt is equal to:
1. 100 watt
2. 1000 watt
3. 10 watt
4. none of these
Answer
1000 watt
Reason — 1 kilowatt = 1000 watt
Fuse wire is an alloy of:
1. tin-lead
2. copper-lead
3. tin-copper
4. lead-silver
Answer
tin-lead
Reason — Fuse wire is an alloy of lead and tin having 50%
of each metal to have a low melting point.
A fuse wire should have:
1. a low melting point
2. high melting point
3. very high melting point
4. none of the above
Answer
a low melting point
Reason — A fuse wire should have low melting point so that
when a large amount of current pass through it, the wire will
melt and does not allow excess current to pass thus
protecting the appliance or circuit from getting damaged.
When switch of an electrical appliance is put off, it
disconnects:
1. the live wire
2. the neutral wire
3. the earth wire
4. the live and the neutral wires
Answer
the live wire
Reason — When switch of an electrical appliance is put off,
it disconnects the live wire because switch is connected in
live wire.
The purpose of an electric meter in a house is:
1. to give the cost of electricity directly
2. to give the consumption of electrical energy
3. to safeguard the circuit from electrical short circuit
4. to put on or off the mains.
Answer
to give the consumption of electrical energy
Reason — An electric meter measures the amount of
electrical energy consumed in that house over a given
period of time.
If out of the two lighted bulbs in a room, one bulb suddenly
fuses, then:
1. the other bulb will glow more
2. the other bulb will glow less
3. the other bulb will also fuse
4. the other bulb will remain lighted and unaffected.
Answer
the other bulb will remain lighted and unaffected
Reason — The two bulbs are connected in parallel
connection so that if one bulb gets fused other will glow
without being affected. In household electrical circuits, all
appliances are connected in parallel connection.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The unit in which we pay the cost of electricity is
............... .
(b) The electrical energy consumed in a house is measured
by ............... .
(c) In a household electrical circuit, the appliances are
connected in ............... with the mains.
(d) A switch is connected to the ............... wire.
(e) The insulated wire in red color in a cable is the ...............
wire.
(f) One kilowatt hour is equal to ............... joule.
(g) A fuse wire should have low ............... .
Answer
(a) The unit in which we pay the cost of electricity is kWh.
(b) The electrical energy consumed in a house is measured
by kWh meter.
(c) In a household electrical circuit, the appliances are
connected in parallel with the mains.
(d) A switch is connected to the live wire.
(e) The insulated wire in red color in a cable is the live wire.
(f) One kilowatt hour is equal to 3.6 x 106 joule.
(g) A fuse wire should have low melting point.
Write true or false for each statement:
(a) A fuse wire has a high melting point.
(b) Flow of protons constitutes electric current.
(c) A fuse wire is made of silver.
(d) S.I. unit and commercial unit of electrical energy are
same.
(e) Overloading of electric current in circuits can lead to an
electrical short circuit.
(f) Our body can allow electricity to pass through it.
(g) The metallic cases of all appliances are insulators of
electricity.
(h) The earth wire protects us from an electric shock.
(i) A switch should not be touched with wet hands.
(j) All electrical appliances in a household circuit work at the
same voltage.
(k) In a cable, the green wire is the live wire.
(l) A fuse is connected to the live wire.
(m) A switch is connected to the neutral wire.
Answer
(a) False
Correct Statement — A fuse wire has a low melting point.
(b) False
Correct Statement — Flow of electrons constitutes electric
current.
(c) False
Correct Statement — A fuse wire is made of an alloy of
lead and tin.
(d) False
Correct Statement — S.I. unit and commercial unit of
electrical energy are different. S.I. unit of electrical energy is
joule(J) and commercial unit is kilowatt hour(kWh).
(e) True
(f) True
(g) False
Correct Statement — The metallic cases of all appliances
are conductors of electricity.
(h) True
(i) True
(j) True
(k) False
Correct Statement — In a cable, the green wire is the Earth
wire.
(l) True
(m) False
Correct Statement — A switch is connected to the live wire.
Match the following:
Column A Column B
(a) Electric power (i) volt
(b) kWh (ii) joule
(c) Electric current (iii) volt x ampere
(d) Electrical energy (iv) watt
(e) watt (v) ampere
(f) Potential difference (vi) electrical energy
Answer
Column A Column B
(a) Electric power (iv) watt
(b) kWh (vi) electrical energy
(c) Electric current (v) ampere
(d) Electrical energy (ii) joule
(e) watt (iii) volt x ampere
(f) potential difference (i) volt
From where does electricity come to our homes?
Answer
The electricity comes to our homes from city substations.
What is an electric meter? Where is it fixed in our house?
Answer
An electric meter measures the amount of electric energy
consumed by the consumer in the unit kWh for which the
electricity bill is paid by him to the electricity board.
Electric meter is connected after the company fuse to the
electric cable coming from the pole to the house. It is usually
mounted on the front or outside wall of the house.
State the purpose of kWh meter.
Answer
The purpose of kWh meter is to measure the amount of
electric energy consumed by the consumer in kWh for which
the electricity bill is paid by him to the electricity board.
For which unit do we pay our electricity bill?
Answer
Electrical energy is generally measured in a unit called
B.O.T (Board of Trade) unit or kWh (kilowatt hour) for which
the electricity bill is paid.
How can you check just by seeing the meter whether
electricity is in use or not?
Answer
If electricity is in use, the electric current flows which rotates
the armature of the meter. The counter fixed on the armature
reads the number of rotations.
One day the meter reading was 7643 units while on the
following day, it was 7657 units. What is the consumption of
electricity in a day?
Answer
Initial reading = 7643 units
Final reading = 7657 units
Consumption = Final reading - Initial reading
= 7657 - 7643
= 14 units
So, consumption of electricity in one day is 14 units.
A source of potential difference V volt sends current I
ampere in a circuit for time t second. Write expressions for
(a) electrical energy supplied by the source, and
(b) electrical power spent by the source.
Answer
(a) Potential difference = V volt
Current = I ampere
time = t sec
Electrical energy supplied W = VIt
(b) Power is the rate of doing work.
W VIt
P= = = VI
t t
P = VI
Name the unit in which you pay the cost of your electricity
bill. How is it related to joule?
Answer
We pay the cost of our electricity bill in unit kWh (kilowatt
hour).
Since,
Energy
Power = ∴Energy = Power × Timei.e. Energy (in kWh) = Power (in kWh) × Time (in h
Time
Hence,
1 kWh = 1 kW x 1 h
= 1000 W x (60 x 60 s)
= 36,00,000 J
= 3.6 x 106 J
So 1 kWh = 3.6 x 106 J.
If an appliance of power P watt is used for time t hour, how
much electrical energy is consumed in kWh?
Answer
Power = P watt or P x 10-3 kW
time = t hour
Energy
Power =
Time
Energy = Power x time
= P x 10-3 kW x t h
= P x t x 10-3 kWh
Electrical energy consumed = Pt x 10-3 kWh.
State one property of the material of a fuse wire.
Answer
Fuse wire is a short wire with a low melting point. It melts at
about 200°C.
Name the material of a fuse wire.
Answer
Fuse wire is an alloy of lead and tin, having 50% of each
metal.
How does a fuse protect the electric wiring (or an appliance)
from being damaged?
Answer
During short circuiting or voltage fluctuations maximum
current passes through the wires causing burning of the
wires. To prevent this damage a fuse is connected to live
wire of the circuit. When there is a short circuit, the fuse wire
gets heated up to the extent that it melts. As a result, a gap
is produced in the live wire and the circuit breaks. No current
then flows and electrical appliance or circuit is protected
from being damaged.
Write the full form of M.C.B.
Answer
The full form of M.C.B. is miniature circuit breaker.
How is M.C.B. superior to the fuse wire?
Answer
M.C.B. is superior to the fuse wire in the following ways:
1. An M.C.B. switches off the circuit in a very short time
(nearly 25 ms) as compared to a fuse wire which takes
relatively longer to melt and break the circuit.
2. M.C.B. can be reset (i.e., raised up) after tripping,
whereas fuse wire needs to be replaced after it has been
tripped.
3. M.C.B. offers greater protection, flexibility, and safety
compared to fuse wire.
With which wire: live or neutral is the fuse wire connected?
Answer
The fuse wire is connected to the live wire.
State the voltage at which electricity is supplied to our
houses.
Answer
Electricity is supplied to our houses at 220 volt.
State the colour coding of the three wires in a cable used for
wiring in a household electrical circuit.
Answer
In the cable there are three wires live, neutral and earth wire.
Live wire is red or brown. Neutral wire is black or light blue.
Earth wire is green or yellow.
Why is the metal covering of an electrical appliance
earthed?
Answer
The metal covering of an electrical appliance is connected to
the earth wire to protect from electric shock. Sometimes due
to breaking of insulation of wires, live wires come in contact
with the body of the appliance which can cause a fatal shock
when touched. If the appliance is earthed, the current will
pass to the earth and the person remains protected from
getting any electrical shock.
What is an electric fuse? State its purpose in the household
electrical circuit?
Answer
An electric fuse is a device which is used to limit the current
in an electric circuit. It safeguards the circuit and appliances
connected in the circuit from being damaged if the current in
the circuit exceeds the specified value due to voltage
fluctuations or short circuiting.
What do you mean by short circuiting of a circuit?
Answer
If the insulation on the wire of the cable breaks, the live wire
touches the neutral wire which results in a short circuit.
Similarly, due to voltage fluctuations, sometimes high current
flows through the wires that can cause burning of wires
leading to short circuit.
In the household electric circuit, if one bulb is fused in a
room, the other bulbs keep glowing. Explain the reason.
Answer
The electrical appliances are connected in parallel in a
household circuit such that each appliance has an
independent path for current to pass through. So if one bulb
is fused in a room, the other bulb keeps glowing.
Draw a labelled diagram with the necessary switches to
connect a bulb, a fan and a plug socket in a room with the
mains. In what arrangement will you connect them to the
mains?
Answer
All electrical appliances are connected in parallel with the
mains.
The diagram is shown below.
Figure shows the reading on the dials of a meter. State what
is its reading.
Answer
The reading on the meter is 2789.
Can we use copper wire as a fuse wire? Give reason.
Answer
No, we cannot use copper wire as fuse wire as melting point
of copper is very high.
Which fuse wire is thick: 5 A or 15 A?
Answer
15 A fuse wire is thicker than the 5 A fuse wire because the
thickness of fuse wire depends on the current rating of it.
Higher the rating, thicker is the wire.
Figure shows two ways of connecting the three bulbs A, B
and C to a battery. Name the two arrangements. Which of
them do you prefer to use in a household circuit? Give a
reason to support your answer.
Answer
Figure (a) is series arrangement and Figure (b) is parallel
arrangement.
Parallel arrangement is generally preferred to use in a
household circuit because of the following reasons :
1. Each appliance works independently. If one appliance in
the circuit stops working, it doesn't affect the working of
other appliances.
2. Each appliance has an independent path for current and
works at the same voltage.
3. Each appliance can have a separate switch connected to
its live wire.
How are the electrical appliances connected in a house
circuit: in series or in parallel? Give reason.
Answer
The electrical appliances are connected in parallel in a
house circuit due to following reasons :
1. Each appliance works independently. If one appliance in
the circuit stops working, it doesn't affect the working of
other appliances.
2. Each appliance has an independent path for current and
works at the same voltage.
3. Each appliance can have a separate switch connected to
its live wire.
An electrical appliance is rated as 60 W - 150 V.
(a) What do you understand by this statement?
(b) How much current will flow through the appliance when
in use?
Answer
(a) If an electrical appliance is rated as 60 W - 150 V, it
means if the appliance is put on a 150 V supply, it will
consume 60 W electrical power (i.e., it will consume 60 J of
electrical energy in 1 s).
(b) P = 60 W
V = 150 V
We know P = VI
P 60
∴I= = = 0.4 A
V 150
So, current of 0.4 A will flow through the appliance when
in use.
An electric iron of power 1.5 kW is used for 30 minutes to
press clothes. Calculate the electrical energy consumed in:
(a) kilowatt hour
(b) joule
Answer
Power (P) = 1.5 kW
1
time (t) = 30 minutes = hr
2
(a) Electrical energy consumed in kWh= P x t
1
= 1.5 x
2
= 0.75 kWh
So electrical energy consumed in kWh = 0.75 kWh
(b) 1 kWh = 3.6 x 106 J
0.75 kWh = 0.75 x 3.6 x 106
= 2.7 x 106 J
So electrical energy consumed in joule = 2.7 x 106 J.
Assuming the electric consumption per day to be 12 kWh
and the rate of electricity to be Rs 6.25 per unit, find how
much money is to be paid in a month of 30 days?
Answer
Electric energy consumed per day = 12 kWh
Electric energy consumed for 30 days = 12 x 30 = 360 kWh
1 kWh = 1 unit
360 kWh = 360 units
1 unit cost = Rs 6.25
360 units cost = 360 x 6.25 = Rs 2250
So money to be paid for 30 days = Rs 2250.
In a premise 5 bulbs each of 100 W, 2 fans each of 60 W, 2
[Link] each of 1.5 kW are used for 5 h per day. Find:
(a) total power consumed per day,
(b) total power consumed in 30 days,
(c) total electrical energy consumed in 30 days,
(d) the cost of electricity at the rate of Rs 6.25 per unit.
Answer
(a) Power consumed by 5 bulbs = 5 x 100 = 500 W
Power consumed by 2 fans = 2 x 60 = 120 W
Power consumed by 2 [Link] = 2 x 1.5 = 3 kW or 3 x 1000 =
3000 W
Total power consumed per day = 500 + 120 + 3000 = 3620
W
Total power consumed per day = 3620 W.
(b) Power consumed for 30 days = 30 x 3620 = 108600 W or
108.6 kW
Power consumed for 30 days = 108.6 kW.
(c) Power consumed in 30 days = 108.6 kW
time = 5 h
Electrical energy consumed in 30 days = Power x time
= 108.6 x 5
= 543 kWh
Electrical energy consumed in 30 days = 543 kWh.
(d) Cost of 1 unit = Rs 6.25
Cost of 543 units = 6.25 x 543 = Rs 3393.75
Cost of electricity = Rs 3393.75.
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