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Essential Functions and Types of Bones

Bones are rigid organs that form the skeleton, providing structure, protection, and enabling movement. They are composed of collagen and calcium phosphate, and come in various types including long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones. The human skeleton consists of 206 bones, and bone-related diseases can significantly impact health.

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3 views2 pages

Essential Functions and Types of Bones

Bones are rigid organs that form the skeleton, providing structure, protection, and enabling movement. They are composed of collagen and calcium phosphate, and come in various types including long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones. The human skeleton consists of 206 bones, and bone-related diseases can significantly impact health.

Uploaded by

cyber5614
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class Notes: Bones

Introduction

Bones are rigid organs that form the skeleton of vertebrates. They provide structure, protect organs,
and enable movement.

Composition

Bones are made of collagen (protein) and calcium phosphate (mineral) which make them strong yet
slightly flexible.

Types of Bones

1) Long bones (e.g., femur, humerus). 2) Short bones (e.g., carpals, tarsals). 3) Flat bones (e.g.,
skull, ribs). 4) Irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae). 5) Sesamoid bones (e.g., patella).

Structure of a Bone

Typical bones have a hard outer layer called compact bone and an inner spongy bone that contains
bone marrow.

Functions

1) Provide shape and support to the body. 2) Protect vital organs (e.g., skull protects brain). 3)
Enable movement with muscles. 4) Produce blood cells in bone marrow. 5) Store minerals such as
calcium and phosphorus.

Human Skeleton

An adult human body has 206 bones. These are divided into the axial skeleton (skull, spine, ribs)
and the appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles).

Clinical Importance

Bone-related diseases include fractures, osteoporosis, arthritis, and bone cancer.

Conclusion
Bones are essential for structure, protection, movement, and overall survival of the human body.

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