Number

System
DECIMAL BINARY OCTAL HEXA

Presented By Presented To
RATHISH C XI AB
Number System:
Number system is mathematical way to represent numbers using
literals such as digits, characters or symbols.
It is also known as Positional Number System because value of each
literal (digit, character or symbol) in a number depends upon its
position within the number.
There are different number system and all have their own set of unique
literals (ie.) Base or Radix.
The value of each literal in a number is calculated using –
The literal itself
Position of the literal
Base of the number system
Types:
There are four number systems used in the context computer –
Decimal:
It is used by humans
It uses 10 different digits from 0 to 9 to represent numbers.
Decimal number system has base 10
Each place to the left is ten times greater than the place to its right
which means each place represents a specific power of the base (10).
Binary:
It is used by Computer and other Digital devices.
It uses two different digits 0 and 1 called as bit to represent any information.
Binary number system has base 2.
Binary Number System is also referred as Machine Language.

Applications:
Used as Machine Language for Computer Hardware and other Electronic
Devices.
Used in ASCII Code and Unicode.
Used in Internet Protocols.
Used in Image processing, High-end audio recordings, HD Videos recordings and
data processing and storage.
Used in Boolean algebra that is a branch of Mathematics.
Octal:
It is used to represent large and complex binary codes into concise
manner.
It uses 8 different digits from 0 to 7 to represent information.
Octal Number System has base 8.

Applications:
It is used in register and flip flop of Computer Motherboards.
It is used in Mainframe (Large, powerful machines used by businesses,
government agencies, and research institution such as UNIVAC, PDP etc).
Hexadecimal:
It is used to represent large and complex binary codes into concise
manner.
It uses 16 different literals which are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F to
represent information.
Hexadecimal Number System has base 16.

Applications:
It is used to represent Memory Address for storage devices used in computers.
It is used to describe colors in the Web Pages.
It is used to represent Media Access Control (MAC) addresses.
It is used to display error messages.
Hexadecimal:
It is used to represent large and complex binary codes into concise
manner.
It uses 16 different literals which are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F to
represent information.
Hexadecimal Number System has base 16.
Applications:
It is used to represent Memory Address for storage devices used in computers.
It is used to describe colors in the Web Pages.
It is used to represent Media Access Control (MAC) addresses.
It is used to display error messages.
Decimal to Binary
Conversion
Following are the steps to convert Decimal Number System to Binary Number System:
Decimal to Octal
Conversion
Following are the steps to convert Decimal Number System to Octal Number System:
Decimal to Hexadecimal
Conversion
Following are the steps to convert Decimal Number System to Hexadecimal Number
System:
Binary to Decimal
Following are the steps to convert Binary Number System to Decimal Number System:
Octal to Decimal
Following are the steps to convert Octal Number System to Decimal Number System:
Hexadecimal to Decimal
Following are the steps to convert Hexadecimal Number System to Decimal Number
System:
Octal to Binary
Following are the steps to convert Octal Number System to Binary Number System:
Binary to Octal
Following are the steps to convert Binary Number System to Octal Number System:
Hexadecimal to Binary
Following are the steps to convert Hexadecimal Number System to Binary Number
System:
Binary to Hexadecimal
Following are the steps to convert Binary Number System to Hexadecimal Number
System:
What is Encoding?
Process of converting data from one form to another form is called encoding.
In Computer Science, encoding is converting data (numbers, alphabets,
symbols, spaces, graphics etc.) into binary codes.

Why Encoding?
Platform Independency
Internationalization
Security
Effective Communication
ASCII CODE:
ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
It was developed in the United States of America by American Standards
Association (ASA).
It is used to represent textual information in computers.
ASCII uses 7-bits for encoding.
A maximum of 128 characters may be encoded.
Out of these 128 characters, only 95 are printable including the digits 0-9,
lowercase and uppercase characters a-z A-Z and punctuation marks. The rest of
the characters are Control Characters
ISCII CODE:
ISCII stands for Indian Script Code for Information Interchange (ISCII).
ISCII is an extended version of the ASCII code and uses 8 bits for encoding.
It was developed by the Bureau of Indian Standards, India.
It represents various languages from India.
It represents 256 characters
Some of the supported scripts are Devanagari (Hindi, Marathi, Sanskrit, Konkani),
Gujarati, Kannada, Punjabi, Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil, Oriya, Bengali-Assamese
etc.
UNICODE :
Unicode Standard is developed and managed by the Unicode Consortium, which is a non-profit organization
composed of members from Software Development companies such as Apple, Adobe, Google, IBM, Microsoft
etc.
It aims to provide a universal platform for encoding characters of various languages from the world.
It assigns a unique Code Point to every character, independent of the CPU architecture/platform, or the
underlying software.
Unicode covers most writing scripts across the world. As of now, over 161 scripts are included in the latest
version of Unicode.
Unicode defines two mapping methods: the Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) encodings, and the
Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) encodings.
Various versions of UTF are UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32
print("Smile Emoji: \U0001F604") # 😄
print("Heart Emoji: \u2764\ufe0f") # ❤️
print("Thumbs Up: \U0001F44D") # 👍
print("Fire Emoji: \U0001F525") # 🔥
print("Star Emoji: \u2B50") # ⭐