MATHEMATICS REVIEWER
Arithmetic sequence –
> a list of numbers where each term is found by adding a constant value
(the common difference, d) to the previous term.
Formula:
Formula for Common Difference:
Arithmetic means –
> the average of a collection of numbers, calculated by summing the
numbers and dividing by the count of numbers in the collection.
Ex:
Sum of arithmetic sequences –
>Carl Friedrich Gauss is credited with discovering a method to quickly find
the sum of an arithmetic sequence.
Formula if last term is given: Formula if last term is not given:
Ex:
Geometric sequence –
>a sequence of numbers where each term is found by multiplying the
previous term by a fixed, non-zero number called the common ratio.
Formula:
How to find the common ratio:
Geometric means –
>a type of average calculated by multiplying all the numbers in a dataset
and then taking the nth root of the product, where 'n' is the total count of
numbers
Sum of Geometric Sequences –
Formula:
if common ratio is greater than 1 if common ratio is 0<r<1
Ex:
A Polynomial Expression, P(x) is an expression of the form where the
nonnegative integer n is called the degree of the polynomial and the
coefficients are real numbers. The terms of a polynomial may be written in
any order. However, we often follow the convention of writing the terms in
decreasing powers of the variable x. In this case, the polynomial expression
is said to be in standard form
Dividing Polynomials –
Ex: (x – 3) ÷ ( x 3−5 x 2−2 x +24 )
Rational Root Theorem –
>provides a way to find possible rational roots (solutions) of a polynomial
with integer coefficients
p
q
● p (numerator) must be a factor of the constant term (last term).
● q(denominator) must be a factor of the leading coefficient (first
coefficient).
Remainder Theorem –
If a polynomial f(x) is divided by (x − c), then the remainder is simply:
R=f(c)
This means: Substitute c into the polynomial to find the remainder.
Ex: f ( x )=2 x 3−3 x 2+ 4 x−5 is divided by ( x−2 )
Substitute x into 2 to make ( x−2 ) equal to 0
The eq will be:
f ( 2 )=2 ( 8 )−3 ( 4 ) + 4 ( 2 )−5
16−12+ 8−5=7
Remainder will be 7
Factor Theorem –
If f(c)=0, then (x − c) is a factor of the polynomial f(x).
Conversely, if (x − c) is a factor of f(x), then f(c)=0
Ex: f ( x )=x 3−3 x 2 +4 is divided by ( x−2 )
Substitute x into 2 to make (x-2) equal to 0
The eq will be:
3 2
f ( 2 )=( 2 ) −3 ( 2 ) +4
f ( 2 )=8−12+ 4
f ( 2 )=0
Since f(2)=0 , then (x − 2) is a factor of f(x).
Fundamental Theorem of Algebra –
> Every polynomial equation of degree n≥1 eq with complex coefficients has
exactly n roots (solutions) in the set of complex numbers.
End.
GOOD LUCK!!