UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY
Biglang Awa St., Corner Catleya St., EDSA, Caloocan City
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
SUBJECT CODE: GEC 008
TOPIC OR LESSON: ASIAN REGIONALISM
WEEK: 3
SUB-TOPIC/S: NONE
OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC
This chapter tackles the difference between regionalization and globalization. Also,
it discusses the background and purpose of Asian integration.
Are you ready? Prepare your pen and paper and be ready to explore your journey in
learning!
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
After going through this module, you are expected to:
a. Differentiate between regionalization and globalization;
b. Identify the factors leading to a greater integration of the Asian region;
c. Analyze how different Asian state confront the challenges of globalization;
and
d. Synthesize knowledge concerning globalization
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
a. Discuss thoroughly the concept of regionalization and globalization;
b. Explain the purpose and member of ASEAN Integration; and
c. Create a poster presentation discussing a real picture of Asian countries and
its contribution to globalization in the 21st century.
ENGAGE
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In this activity you will be asked with the following questions:
a. In what region in Asia is Philippines located?
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b. How do you describe that region in terms of political and economic policies
and stability?
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EXPLORE
You will be given a task to do a Venn Diagram to compare the terms Regionalization
and Globalization. Then, you will give a short explanation of your work.
REGIONALIZATION GLOBALIZATION
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EXPLANATION
EXPLAIN
As we continue the lesson, let us study the difference between Regionalization and
Globalization.
The processes of globalization and regionalization reemerged during the 1980’s and
heightened after the end of the Cold War in the 1990’s. At first, it seems that these
two processes are contradicting the very nature of globalization is by definition,
global while regionalization is naturally regional.
The regionalization of the world system and economic activity undermines the
potential benefits coming out from a liberalized global economy. This is because
regional organizations prefer regional partners over the rest. Regional organizations
respond to the state’s attempt to reduce the perceived negative effects of
globalization. Therefore, regionalism is a sort of counter-globalization. In a 2007
survey, the Financial Times revealed that majority of Europeans consider that
globalization brings negative effects to their societies. Many policy makers and
scholars think that globalization must be regulated and managed. The threats of an
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“ungoverned globalization” can be countered what Jacoby and Meunier called
managed globalization; it refers to “all attempts to make globalization more
palatable to citizens”.
It is important, however, to consider the gradual development of inter-regional
relations such as the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), the European
Union (EU), or the South American trade bloc, Mercosur. In fact, a sort of “contagion
effect” (Held et, all., 2005, p. 77) has spread during the past years. Regionalization
in one part of the world encourages regionalization elsewhere-whether by imitation,
like the success of the European Single Market, or by “defensive” reaction, such as
Mercosur’s establishment as response to the creation of NAFTA. According to this,
regionalization and the development of inter-regionalism would indeed be global in
nature. As Held et, al (2005) claimed, “the new regionalism is not a barrier to
political globalization but, on the contrary, entirely compatible with it, if not an
indirect encouragement.
Hurrell (2007) captured this debate in his “one (global) world/many (regional) world
relationship”. Regional developments in one part of the world have affected and
fueled regionalization everywhere else in a sort of contagion or domino effect. This
fact, along with increasing developments in interregional cooperation, shows that
the regionalization process is global in nature. Therefore, regionalization is
intimately linked to globalization since it is part of it and it builds on it.
Globalization “goes back when humans first put a boat into the sea” (Sweeny,
2005). We can understand globalization as “the increased flows of goods, services,
capita, people, and information across borders” (Jacoby and Meunier, 2010). But as
we have learned from the previous discussions, there are many controversies about
and varying definitions of the term. Defining region and regionalization is
complicated. Nevertheless, region, according to Mansfield and Milner (1999) is a
“group of countries in the same geographically specified area”. Hurrell (2007)
defined globalization as the societal integration and the often undirected process of
social and economic interaction”. In addition, regionalization is different from
regionalism, which is “the formal process of intergovernmental collaboration
between two or more states”.
The motivations for the recent regionalization in Asia, as well as other regions in the
world, cannot be isolated from one another. It is a complex mixture of factors. One
of the reasons behind regionalism is the concern for security, which is to ensure
peace and stability. Confidence building can be enhanced through economic
cooperation within a region. The ASEAN and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
(SCO) are regional organizations that seek strong security in Asia through
cooperation.
Huntington (1996), on the contrary, believed that culture and identity guide
regionalization. As he put it, “In the post-Cold War world, states increasingly define
their interests in civilizational terms”. For him, culture and identity are civilizations.
He identified nine major civilizations: Western, Latin American, African, Islamic,
Sinic, Hindu, Orthodox, Buddhist, and Japanese. He argued that international
organizations like the EU or Mercosur share a common culture and identify and are
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far more successful than NAFTA, whose member states belong to different
civilizations. If we follow Hungtington’s idea of the “clash civilizations,” one could
argue that the potential for such clash can be strong in Asia because many of those
civilizations are, at the least, can be found in the region.
ELABORA
TE
You will be asked to create a poster presentation discussing a real picture of
Asian countries and its contribution to globalization in the 21st century.
POSTER PRESENTATION
RUBRIC FOR POSTER PRESENTATION
5 4 3 2 COMMEN
TS
Content All details Most details Few details No details
support the support main support to support
main idea idea, has main idea, the main
appropriately accurate lacks idea,
; information information accurate informatio
are accurate for almost all information n is
and detailed; subject matter and does inaccurate
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and and the not clearly and does
information information support not
adequately mostly visual’s support
supports the adequate and purpose the
purpose of supportive of visual’s
visual visual’s purpose
purpose
Creativi The use of The use of The use of There is a
ty color, design, color, design, color, little
and space is and space is design and attempt
outstanding, adequate and space is to use
have an the overall inappropria color,
original and design is te, the design
creative mostly design and space
design, and harmonious lacks appropriat
the overall and pleasing creativity ely, the
design is and design is
harmonious originality, dull and
and pleasing the overall presentati
design on has
lacks sloppy
harmoniou appearan
s and the ce
presentatio
n is
unpleasing
Present The idea was The idea was The idea The idea
ation clearly clearly not all is
presented presented but clearly irrelevant
based on the a little bit presented and no
poster confusing based on connectio
illustration based on the the poster n based
poster illustration on the
illustration poster
illustratio
n
EVALUAT
E
Although globalization and regionalization are an overwhelming concepts, it is
experienced by people in number of ways in real terms. For instance, globalization
and regionalization of technology, improved modern transportation and
communication. As a result, people, become more mobile and are able to reach
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different places around the globe. There are various reasons why people leave their
country of origin. Through this activity, you should be able to gain a first-hand
knowledge of the experiences of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW’s), people who
obviously reached other countries. Their stories could provide a concrete
understanding of how globalization affects themselves, their families, and the
country.
1. Find a former or a current OFW to be interviewed. Your respondent’s name
should not be revealed to protect the person’s identity and ensure
anonymity.
2. Use the following guide questions (You may add additional questions):
a. How long have you stayed abroad?
b. What are the purposes for your stay there?
c. What were your most unforgettable experiences there? How will you
describe them, good or bad?
d. How will you compare the Philippines with other countries?
e. Do you want to go back abroad or to other countries in the future? Why or
why not?
REFERENC
ES
The Contemporary World by Dr. Mariano Ariola [Link]. LPT, Unlimited Books,
Library Services Publishing, 2018
Convergence: A College Textbook in Contemporary World by Dennis C. Coronacion
and Frolan C. Calilung, Books Atbp Publishing 2018
The Contemporary World
By: Prince Kennex Reguyal Aldama, Rex Book Store First Edition
ADDITIONAL
MATERIALS
Reading Materials
• Chapter 13 of textbook: “Globalization and the Asian Pacific and South Asia” by
Ehito Kimura
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• Shiraishi, Takashi. 2006. “The Third WAVE: Southeast Asia and Middle-Class
Formation in the Making of a Region.” In Beyond Japan: The Dynamics of East Asian
Regionalism, ed. Peter Katzenstein and Takashi Shiraishi. Ithaca, NY: Cornell
University Press, pp 237-71
PREPARED BY:
Lenard C. Tulod, MATSS, LPT
Assistant Professor IV
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