A.
Coin Problems
Problem 1:
Maria has 50 coins consisting of ₱5 and ₱1 coins. The total value of the coins is ₱150. How many
of each coin does she have?
Let x = 5
y =1
x + y = 50
5x + y = 150
(5x + y) – (x + y) = 150 – 50
4x = 100
Solve for x:
x = 100 / 4
x = 25
solve for y:
x + y =50
25 + y = 50
y = 50 – 25
y = 25
Answer: Maria has 25 five-peso coins and 25 one-peso coins.
Problem 2:
A coin bank contains ₱10 and ₱5 coins, totaling ₱320. If there are 40 coins in total, how many of
each coin are there?
Let x= 10
Y=5
X + y = 40
10x + 5y = 320
5(x + y = 40)
-5x – 5y = -200
(-5x – 5y) + (10x + 5y) = -200 + 320
5x = 120
Solve for x:
x = 120 / 5
x = 24
Solve for y:
X + y = 40
24 + y = 40
Y = 40 – 24 = 16
Answer: There are 24 ten-peso coins and 16 five-peso coins.
Problem 3:
A store’s cash register has ₱10 and ₱1 coins, totaling ₱210. If there are 30 coins in total, how
many of each are there?
Let x = 10
y=1
X + y = 30
10x + y = 210
(10x + y) – (x + y) = 210 – 30
9x = 180
Solve for x:
x = 180 / 9
x = 20
Solve for y:
x + y = 30
20 + y = 30
y = 30 – 20
y = 10
Answer: The store’s cash register has 20 ten-peso coins and 10 one-peso coins.
Problem 4:
A parking attendant has ₱5 and ₱1 coins totaling ₱280. If there are 80 coins in total, how many
of each coin does he have?
Let x = 5
y= 1
x + y = 80
5x + y = 280
(5x + y) – (x + y) = 280 – 80
4x = 200
Solve for x:
x = 200 / 4
x = 50
Solve for y:
x + y = 80
50 + y = 80
y = 80 – 50
y = 30
Answer: The parking attendant has 50 five-peso coins and 30 one-peso coins.
Problem 5:
Liza has twice as many ₱10 coins as ₱5 coins. If the total value is ₱450, how many of each coin
does she have?
Let x= 5
y= 10
y = 2x
5x + 10y = 450
5x + 10(2x) = 450
solve for x:
5x + 20x = 450
25x = 450
X = 450 / 25
X = 18
solve for y:
y = 2x
y = 2 (18)
y = 36
Answer: Liza has 18 five-peso coins and 36 ten-peso coins.
B. Percentage Problems
Problem 6:
A shirt costs ₱500. If there is a 20% discount, how much is the new price?
Let x = 20%
Y = 500
Discount amount:
X * y = (20/100) * 500
= 100
New price:
Y – discount = 500 – 100
= 400
Answer: The new price is 400.
Problem 7:
A store increases the price of rice from ₱40 per kilo to ₱50 per kilo. What is the percentage
increase?
Let x = 50
y = 40
Find the difference in price:
X–y
= 50 – 40
= 10
Percentage increase:
(10 / y) × 100%
= (10 / 40) × 100%
= 25%
Answer: The percentage increase is 25%.
Problem 8:
If a student got 85 out of 100 in a test, what is the percentage score?
Let x = 85
y = 100
Convert the fraction to a percentage:
(x / y) × 100%
= (85 / 100) × 100%
= 85%
Answer: The percentage score is 85%.
Problem 9:
A company increased its employees’ salary from ₱15,000 to ₱18,000. What is the percentage
increase?
Let x = 18,000
y = 15,000
Find the difference in salary:
X–y
= 18,000 – 15,000
= 3,000
Percentage increase:
(3,000 / y) × 100%
= (3,000 / 15,000) × 100%
= 20%
Answer: The percentage increase is 20%.
Problem 10:
A cellphone was originally ₱12,000 but is now being sold at a 15% discount. What is the new
price?
Let x = 15%
y = 12,000
Discount amount:
x (y) = 15/100(12,000)
x = 1,800
New price:
y–x
= 12,000 – 1,800
= 10,200
Answer: The new price is 10,200.
3. Work Problems
Problem 11:
A worker can complete a task in 6 hours, while another worker can do it in 8 hours. How long
will it take for them to finish the task together?
Let x = time to complete the task together
Worker 1’s rate: 1 task / 6 hours = 1/6 task per hour
Worker 2’s rate: 1 task / 8 hours = 1/8 task per hour
Find the combined work rate:
(1/6) + (1/8) = (4/24) + (3/24) = 7/24 task per hour
Solve for x:
X = 1 / (7/24)
X = 24/7
X ≈ 3.43 hours
Answer: It will take both workers approximately 3.43 hours to complete the task together.
Problem 12:
A tap can fill a tank in 5 hours, while another tap can fill it in 10 hours. If both taps are opened
together, how long will it take to fill the tank?
Let x = time to fill the tank together
Tap 1’s rate: 1 tank / 5 hours = 1/5 tank per hour
Tap 2’s rate: 1 tank / 10 hours = 1/10 tank per hour
Find the combined fill rate:
(1/5) + (1/10) = (2/10) + (1/10) = 3/10 tank per hour
Solve for x:
X = 1 / (3/10)
X = 10/3
X ≈ 3.33 hours
Answer: It will take approximately 3.33 hours to fill the tank together.
Problem 13:
A construction team can build a house in 20 days. If another team joins and can do the job in 30
days, how long will it take both teams together?
Let x = time to build the house together
Team 1’s rate: 1 house / 20 days = 1/20 house per day
Team 2’s rate: 1 house / 30 days = 1/30 house per day
Find the combined work rate:
(1/20) + (1/30) = (3/60) + (2/60) = 5/60 = 1/12 house per day
Solve for x:
X = 1 / (1/12)
X = 12 days
Answer: It will take both teams 12 days to build the house together.
Problem 14:
A machine can produce 100 boxes in 4 hours. Another machine can do the same in 6 hours. How
long will it take both machines to produce 100 boxes together?
Let x = time to produce 100 boxes together
Machine 1’s rate: 100 boxes / 4 hours = 25 boxes per hour
Machine 2’s rate: 100 boxes / 6 hours = 50/3 boxes per hour
Find the combined production rate:
25 + (50/3) = (75/3) + (50/3) = 125/3 boxes per hour
Solve for x:
X = 100 / (125/3)
X = (100 × 3) / 125
X = 300 / 125
X = 12/5
X = 2.4 hours
Answer: It will take both machines 2.4 hours to produce 100 boxes together.
Problem 15:
A farmer can plow a field in 15 hours. Another farmer can do it in 10 hours. If both work
together, how long will it take?
Let x = time to plow the field together
Farmer 1’s rate: 1 field / 15 hours = 1/15 field per hour
Farmer 2’s rate: 1 field / 10 hours = 1/10 field per hour
Find the combined work rate:
(1/15) + (1/10) = (2/30) + (3/30) = 5/30 = 1/6 field per hour
Solve for x:
X = 1 / (1/6)
X = 6 hours
Answer: It will take both farmers 6 hours to plow the field together.