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6.3 Requirements for durability
(1) P In order to achieve the required design working life of the structure, adequate
measures shall be taken to protect each structural element against the relevant
environmental actions.
(2) P The requirements for durability shall be included when considering the following:
Structural conception,
Material selection,
Construction details,
Execution,
Quality Control,
Inspection,
Verifications,
Figure 6.26: Compression node without ties
a) in compression - tension nodes with anchored ties provided in one direction (see
Figure 6.27),
≤ 1.0
,
Where , =
,
6.5.5 Resistance of the cross section to bending
Design value for the bending moment shall satisfy, ≤ 1.0
,
Where is the design bending moment
, is the design resistance moment for the bending about one principlal axis of a
crossection and its taken as the following:
for class 1 & 2 sections
,
, = , =
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6.5.6 Resistance of the cross section to shear
≤ 1.0
,
Where is the design bending moment
, is the design resistance moment for the bending about one principal axis of a cross
section and it’s taken as
= = √3
, ,
6.5.7 Resistance to shear buckling of unstiffened web
ℎ 72
=
∩
from table 5.2
6.5.7 Resistance of cross section under the action of bending and shear
If < 0.5 , , ignore the effect of the shear force and therefore design for plastic
moment.
6.5.8 Resistance of cross section to flange induced buckling
To prevent the compression flange from buckling in the plane of the web, it is required that
the ratio
ℎ
≤ √
Where = area of the web
=ℎ = (ℎ − 2 )
=area of the compressional flange
=yield strength of the flange
K= 0.3 for class 1
K=0.2 for class 2
K= 0.55 for classes 3 or 4
6.5.9 Resistance of the cross section under transverse forces
= >
=yield strength of the flange
=effective length of the web which resists transverse forces
=
Where −effecitcive loaded length of the stiff bearing
is the reduction factor due to local buckling
0.5
= ≤ 1.0
Where =
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= 0.9
ℎ
Load applied through flange and resisted in the web
=6 + 2( ) ≤6
6.5.10 Stiff bearing length ( )
It shall be taken as the distance over which the applied load is effectively distributed at a
slope of 1:1. However is shall not be greater than ℎ
For type c loading is the smaller of
= + + +
2
= + +
= ≤ +
2 ℎ
The momements and can be calculated as follows
ℎ
= 0.02
A check for the deflection of a beam due to unfactored variable serviceability load is carried
out
condition Maximum allowable Deflection
deflection limit
Cantilever ℎ
8 180
Beam carrying plaster 5
or other brittle finish 384 360
Other beams 5
384 200
Point load
48 360
Design of beams subject to lateral torsional buckling
To prevent lateral torsional buckling, ≤ 1.0
,
, =
- , for class 1 & 2
-buckling factor
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6.5.11 General case
= ≤ 1.0
√( )
Where = 0.5(1 + ( − 0.2) + )
= √( )
= ( + )
is the imperfection factor obtained from table 6.3
Buckling curve a b c d
Imperfection factor 0.21 0.34 0.49 0.76
The buckling curve must be known and this is obtained from table 6.4
Cross section limits Buckling
curve
Rolled I ℎ ≤ 2.0 a
sections ℎ > 2.0 b
Welded I ℎ ≤ 2.0 c
sections ℎ d
> 2.0
6.5.12 Determination of for rolled sections
= ≤ 1.0
√( )
Where = 0.5(1 + ( − )+ )
= 0.4
= 0.75
= √( )
is the imperfection factor obtained from table 6.3
The curve is obtained fron table 6.5
For taking into account the moment distribution between the lateral restraints, is
modified according to
, = ≤ 1.0
= 1 − 0.5(1 − )[1 + 2( − 0.8) ≤ 1.0
is given as a correction factor in table 6.6
6.5.13 Compression resistance of cross-section clause 6.2.4
For members in axial compression, the design value of the compression force at each
cross section should Satisfy
≤ 1.0
,
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Where , is the design compression resistance of the cross-section, taken as
(a) the design plastic resistance of the gross cross-section
, =
6.5.14 Buckling resistance of members clause 6.3
A compression member should be verified against buckling as follows:
≤ 1.0
,
is the design value of the compression force,
, is the design buckling resistance of the compression member and should be taken
as:
, =
is a no dimensional slenderness given by equation
is the reduction factor for the relevant buckling mode, given by
1
= ≤ 1.0
∅+ ∅ −
Where = 0.5(1 + ( − 0.2) +
1
= =
is the elastic critical force for the relevant buckling mode on the gross cross sectional
properties
is the radius of gyration determined using properties of the gross cross section
is the buckling length in the buckling plane considered
is an imperfection factor obtained from table 6.2 of code 3
If < 0.2 the buckling effect may be ignored and only cross sectional checks may apply.
Resistance of cross-sections to bending and axial force [Cl. 6.2.9, EC 3]
Classes 1 and 2 cross-sections.
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For doubly symmetrical I or H sections, allowance need not be made for the effect of a xial
force on the plastic resistance moment about the y-y axis when both the following criteria
are satisfied; i.e.
≤ 0.25 ,
ℎ
≤
is the plastic tension resistance of the whole cross-section
If the two conditions are both satisfied, then only a check for < . ,
,
. , =
6.6.10 Base plates are designed
and checked to ensure
i. bearing pressure doesn’t exceed the design bearing strength of the pedestral
concrete
ii. bending moment of the base plate doesn’t exceed the resistance moment.
Where is the design axial force on the column
is the area in compression under the base
The bearing stress of the concrete pedestral is given by =
= 0.444
The additional bearing width x is given by = ( )
is the thickness of the base plate
is the yield strength of the base plate
is bearing strength of the foundation
Bearing moment in the base plate should not be greater than the resistance moment
= = ( ) at the face of the column
= =
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