To compute the saturated unit weight, use the formula: γ_sat = (Gs + e) × γ_w / (1 + e), where e is the void ratio, Gs is specific gravity, and γ_w is the unit weight of water (~9.81 kN/m³). For buoyant unit weight: γ' = γ_sat - γ_w. First, calculate the void ratio using the bulk unit weight and specific gravity. Once e is known, calculate γ_sat. The degree of saturation changes from partial to full; assume S goes from less than 100% to 100% to compute γ_sat and γ'. E.g., in Source 1, if γ_bulk = 19.33 kN/m³, Gs = 2.7, initial S = 0.19, calculate the void ratio, then proceed to compute γ_sat and γ'.

Considerations include ensuring accurate volume and mass measurements before and after drying to ensure precision in determining the water content. Degree of saturation S = (Vw / Vv), where Vw is volume of water, and Vv is void volume. Therefore, misunderstandings in volume trends or calculation inaccuracies in mass can distort results. Variability in specific gravity due to organic content and temperature influence on measurements might also introduce errors. Accurate calibration and replication of measurements are necessary to achieve reliable results.

To find the void ratio (e) and degree of saturation (S), follow these steps: First, calculate the volume of solids (Vs) using the formula Vs = (Weight of dry soil / (Density of water × Specific gravity)). Here, Vs = 1.087 kN / (9.81 kN/m³ × 2.65) = 0.0421 m³. The volume of voids (Vv) is the total volume (0.000953 m³) minus Vs. Calculate e = Vv / Vs. For S, use the formula: S = (Water content x specific gravity) / e. Given water content w is calculated as ((1.553 - 1.087)/1.087)x100 = 42.83%.

To determine total density, use ρ = mass/volume, where the mass is the moist weight and the volume is given. Calculate void ratio (e) by deriving the volume of voids (Vv) from total and dry densities and using: e = Vv/Vs (Vs is volume of solids). Calculate porosity (n) as e/(1+e). Degree of saturation (S) is calculated using: S = (mass of water / Vv) * (unit weight of water). Given specific gravity, you'll need to adjust calculations for dry, and moist conditions to find precise values, resulting in: ρ, e, S, and n for the sample.

The water content (w) can be derived from the relationship with dry density (ρ_d) and specific gravity (Gs): w = (Gs / ρ_d) × 100 - 100. For example, with a dry density of 1.72 Mg/m³ and specific gravity 2.72, rearrange the formula noting that the degree of saturation S equals 1 for saturated soil, and solve for w, resulting in water content.

Calculations heavily depend on the assumptions of specific gravity affecting void ratios and density relationships. Drying conditions (temperature and duration) influence mass measurements, critical for precise water content calculation. Assumed saturation states (full or partial) impact computations for voids and saturation. Misestimating these parameters affects the derived values for e, n, S, and other soil properties, necessitating controlled conditions and known specific gravity for accuracy.

The void ratio (e) is calculated using e = (w × Gs) / (S×100), where w is the water content in percentage, Gs is the specific gravity, and S is the degree of saturation. For example, for a water content of 20% and a degree of saturation of 90%, with a specific gravity of 2.70, e is computed as follows: e = (0.20 × 2.70)/(0.90) = 0.60 indicating the volume of voids relative to the volume of solids.

The water content of a soil sample is calculated using the formula: Water Content (w) = (Mass of water / Mass of dry soil) x 100%. First, subtract the mass of the dry soil and dish from the initial wet mass to find the mass of water. In the provided case, initial wet mass is 462 g, and the dry mass (including dish) is 364 g. Subtract the dish mass (39 g) to find the dry soil mass, which is 325 g. The mass of water is 462 g - 364 g = 98 g. Thus, water content is (98 g / 325 g) x 100% = approximately 30.15%.

The degree of saturation for silty clay soil is calculated using: S = (w/100) × (Gs/e). First, the given water content (w) is 46%, and the specific gravity (Gs) is 2.70. Determine void ratio: e = w × Gs / (1 + w/100). With e calculated, use the formula to find degree of saturation. For fully saturated soils, S typically should approximate 1 (or 100%). Calculating e with the provided data will verify the full saturation status.

Dry density (ρ_d) is determined by dividing the dry mass by the total volume. In this document, dry density ρ_d = 22.10 kg / 0.01456 m³. Porosity (n) is calculated using n = Vv/Vt where Vv = e × Vs, and e = (Vt - Vs)/Vs (Vs can be calculated using dry density and specific gravity: Vs = ρ_d / Gs). The porosity is derived from the void ratio and the volume of the sample. Use these relationships to compute the exact porosity and other required metrics.