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Physics and Chemistry Problem Set

The document contains a series of physics and chemistry problems, including vector displacement, electric fields, gravitational acceleration, and chemical reactions. It also includes mathematical questions related to sets, relations, and roots of equations. The problems are structured in multiple-choice format, with various sections dedicated to different topics in physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
39 views26 pages

Physics and Chemistry Problem Set

The document contains a series of physics and chemistry problems, including vector displacement, electric fields, gravitational acceleration, and chemical reactions. It also includes mathematical questions related to sets, relations, and roots of equations. The problems are structured in multiple-choice format, with various sections dedicated to different topics in physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

Uploaded by

navyaagarwal137
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

10-08-2025

9610ZJA800005250001 JA

PART 1 : PHYSICS

SECTION-I (i)

1)

Consider East as +ve x-axis, North as +ve y-axis. A girl walks 10 m East first time then 10 m in a
direction 30° West of North for the 2nd time & then third time in unknown direction and magnitude,
so as to return to her initial position. What is her third displacement vector :-

(A)

(B)

(C)
(D) she cannot return

2) Magnitude of electric field and potential at corner (D) of a rhombus ABCD in case (i) and case (ii)
are respectively E1, V1 and E2, V2 :-

(A) E2 = E1; V2 = V1
(B) E2 = E1; V2 = 0
(C) E2 = ; V2 = 0
(D) E2 = ; V2 = V1

3) A charge –q of mass m is rotating in circle of radius r, around an infinite large uniformly charged

wire as shown. Speed of charge is V then choose the correct option:-


(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

4) Two completely different planets X and Y are each composed of the same material. The planet Y
has radius twice as large as that of X. The ratio of the gravitational acceleration gy at the surface of Y
to the gravitational acceleration gx at the surface of X is given by :-

(A)

(B)

(C) 2

(D)

SECTION-I (ii)

1) If vectors and represent two sides of a triangle,


then the third side can have length equal to :
(A) 3m
(B) 5m
(C) 6m
(D) 2m

2) A particle of mass m and charge –q has been projected from ground as shown in the figure below.

Mark out the correct statements (s) :-

(A) The path of motion of the particle is parabolic


(B) The path of motion of the particle is a straight line

(C)
Time of flight of particle is

(D)
Range of motion of the particle will be less than

3) A projectile is thrown at angle 60° with surface of earth, with velocity v0 such that it attains a

maximum height equal to radius of earth. Then :-

minimum velocity would be


(A)

minimum velocity would be


(B)

(C) trajectory would be parabolic.


(D) trajectory would not be parabolic.

SECTION-II
1) Two forces and have a resultant . If = and = then magnitude of is

X. The value of is

2) Three forces of magnitudes 3 N, 3 N and 6 N act at corners of a cuboid along three sides as

shown in figure. Find the resultant of these forces is N.

3)

Two identical balls of mass m = 0.9 g each are charged by the same charges, joined by a thread and
suspended from the ceiling (figure). Find the charge (in μC) that each ball should have so that the
tension in both the threads are same? The distance between the centers of balls is R = 3m.

4)

Electric potential is given by

Then electric force acting on point charge placed on origin will be ....... N

5) A particle is projected radially outwards from the surface of a planet with an initial speed of 4.0
km/s. Maximum height attained by the particle is h = 900 km from the planet’s surface. Find the
radius R (in km) of the planet taking g = 10 m/s2 on the surface of the planet. Fill R/900.

6) Two particles of combined mass M, placed in space with certain separation, are released.
Interaction between the particles is only of gravitational in nature and there is no external force
present. Acceleration of one particle with respect to each other when separation between them is R,

has a magnitude . Value of x is

SECTION-I (iii)
1) Six forces of equal magnitude F act on a particle such that particle remains in equilibrium (Fnet =

0). Angle between all adjacent pair of forces is 60° :-

Column–I Column–II

(A) Magnitude is equal to (P)

(B) Magnitude is equal to 2F (Q)

(C) Magnitude is greater then (R)

(D) Magnitude is less then (S)

(T)

(A) A → QS;B → R;C → R;D → PT


(B) A → P;B → Q;C → R;D → S
(C) A → PQ;B → RS;C → ST;D → T
(D) A → P;B → R;C → RS;D → T

2)

Column-I Column-II
Electrically neutral thick conducting spherical shell,

Electric field everywhere inside the cavity


(A) (P) due to charges induced on the inner surface
of conductor is zero.

with point charge at its center.


Electrically neutral thin conducting spherical shell,
with point charge to the right of its center.
Electric field everywhere inside the cavity
(B) (Q) due to charges present on the outer surface
of conductor is zero.
Electrically neutral thick conducting spherical shell
with point charge to the right of its centre and this
shell is connected with earth.

(C) (R) Final charge on the conducting shell is not zero

Electrically neutral thick conducting spherical shell


with point charge to the right of its centre and
another identical charge is located outside the

(D) (S) Final charge on the conducting shell is zero

conductor.
Net electric field outside the shell is
(T)
directed radially away from centre.
(A) A → PQ;B → ST;C → QR;D → T
(B) A → P;B → Q;C → RS;D → T
(C) A → PQST;B → QST;C → QR;D → S
(D) A → P;B → Q;C → R;D → S

3) Match the following :


For planet orbiting about sun in elliptical orbit, some incomplete statements regarding physical
quantities are given in column-I, Which can be completed by using entries of column-II.

Column-I Column-II

Maximum potential energy of Is independent of semimajor


(A) (P)
sun planet system axis of orbit

(B) Maximum speed of planet (Q) Is at apogee

Minimum potential energy of Is dependent on mass of


(C) (R)
sun planet system planet

(D) Minimum KE of planet (S) Is at perigee

(T) depends upon mass of sun


(A) A → PQ;B → QR;C → RST;D → QT
(B) A → RQT;B → ST;C → RST;D → QRT
(C) A → PQ;B → RS;C → ST;D → T
(D) A → RQT;B → RST;C → ST;D → QR

PART 2 : CHEMISTRY

SECTION-I (i)
1) 0.7 g of an organic compound on heating evolved all of its nitrogen into ammonia which is
reacted with 200 ml of 0.25 M HNO3 solution. The residual HNO3 solution is reacted completely with
30 ml of 0.5 M Ca(OH)2. % by mass of nitrogen in the organic compound is :

(A) 20
(B) 15
(C) 30
(D) 40

2) A person adds 1.71 gram of sugar (C12H22O11) in order to sweeten his tea. The number of carbon
atoms added are
[Given : Molecular mass of sugar = 342,NA = 6 × 1023]

(A) 3.6 × 1022


(B) 7.2 × 1021
(C) 0.05
(D) 6.6 × 1022

3) What volume of 0.1 M KMnO4 solution is required to completely oxidise 144 mg of FeC2O4 in
acidic medium ?
([Link] of Ferrour oxalate = 144 g/mole)
FeC2O4 + MnO4– + H+ → Fe3+ + CO2 + Mn2+ + H2O

(A) 2 ml
(B) 4 ml
(C) 6 ml
(D) 8 ml

4) One mole of acidified K2Cr2O7 on reaction with sufficient KI will liberate ...... mole(s) of I2, along
with Cr3⊕.

(A) 6
(B) 1
(C) 7
(D) 3

SECTION-I (ii)

1) Which of the following options is/are not correct with respect to oxidation number (O.N.) ?

(A) The oxidation state of both the Nitrogen atoms in NH4NO3 is +1.
(B) O.N. of Sulphur in FeS2 is –2.
(C) O.N. of F can never be positive.
(D) O.N. of alkaline earth metals can either be 0 or +2 and no other value.

2) When a equimolar mixture of Cu2S and CuS is titrated with Ba(MnO4)2 in acidic medium, the final
products contain Cu2+, SO2 and Mn2+. If the Mol. mass of Cu2S, CuS and Ba(MnO4)2 are M1, M2 and
M3 respectively then :

(A)
Eq. mass of Cu2S is

(B)
Eq. mass of CuS is

(C)
Eq. mass of Ba(MnO4)2 is
(D) Cu2S and CuS both have same equivalents in mixture.

3) Lithium metal reacts with nitrogen gas to produce a white solid Lithium nitride (Li3N) according
to the reaction:
(Atomic mass of Li = 7, N = 14)
6 Li (s) + N2 (g) 2Li3N(s)
If 8.4 g of Li is taken initially with excess of N2 (g) then :

(A) Volume of nitrogen gas consumed at NTP is 4.48 L


(B) Total mass of the product obtained is 14g
(C) Total number of atoms obtained in the product is 1.6 NA
(D) Lithium and nitrogen combine in ratio 3 : 2 by mass.

SECTION-II

1) What mass (kg) of H2SO4 could be produced in the process given below, if 5.52kg of FeS2 is used.
FeS2(s) + O2(g) → Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g)
SO2(g) + O2 (g) → SO3(g)
SO3(g) + H2O(ℓ) → H2SO4 (aq)

2) Potassium dichromate in acidic medium reacts with H2S to oxidise it as per given unbalanced
equation. How much kg of K2Cr2O7 must be required if 1000 kg of sulphur is to be produced by
following reaction ? (Molar mass of K2Cr2O7 = 294 g/mol).

3) Mass percentage of oxygen in divalent metal carbonate is 36%. If the number of metal atoms in
266.66 mg of this metal carbonate sample is x × 1020 then find value of x [NA = 6.02 × 1023]

4) A mineral consists of an equimolar mixture of the carbonates of two bivalent metals. One metal is
present to the extent of 13.2% by weight. 2.58 g of the mineral on heating lost 1.232 g of CO2.
Calculate the % by weight of the other metal.

5) The following redox reaction occurs in basic medium : NO3– + Zn(s) → Zn2+ + NH4+ , when the
above reaction is balanced such that the stoichiometric coefficients are in smallest whole number
ratio, then the difference of stoichiometric coefficient of OH– and Zn(s) ion will be -
6) Calculate the mass of anhydrous oxalic acid, which can be oxidised to CO2 (g) by 100 ml of an
MnO4– solution, 10 ml of which is capable of oxidising 50 ml of 1N I– to I2

SECTION-I (iii)

1) Match the list:

List- I List- II

(P) SO3 (1) 300/7 % carbon by mass

(Q) CO (2) Empirical formula CH

(R) C6H6 (3) Vapour density = 40

(S) C2H2 (4) 40NA electrons in a mole (NA = Avogadro number)

(5) 50 % carbon atoms, by mole


The CORRECT option is:
(A) P → 1;Q → 2;R → 1;S → 4
(B) P → 3;Q → 1;R → 2;S → 5
(C) P → 3;Q → 1;R → 2;S → 1
(D) P → 2;Q → 3;R → 1;S → 4

2) Match the following :

List-II
List-I
(Equivalent weight
(Process)
of Cl2)

(P) (1) 71

(Q) (2) 35.5

(R) (3) 42.6

(S) (4) 7.1

(5) 8.875
(A) P → 2;Q → 4;R → 3;S → 1
(B) P → 1;Q → 3;R → 2;S → 4
(C) P → 2;Q → 4;R → 1;S → 3
(D) P → 1;Q → 3;R → 4;S → 2

3)

List-I K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 ⇒ (MW = 698) List-II


[K = 39, Zn = 65.3, Fe = 56, C = 12] (% composition)

(P) %K (1) 16%

(Q) % Zn (2) 20.6%


(R) % Fe (3) 11.1%

(S) %C (4) 28%

(5) 50%
The correct match is :
(A) P → 3;Q → 4;R → 1;S → 2
(B) P → 3;Q → 4;R → 2;S → 1
(C) P → 1;Q → 2;R → 3;S → 4
(D) P → 1;Q → 2;R → 4;S → 3

PART 3 : MATHEMATICS

SECTION-I (i)

1) If α and β are the roots of x2 – 2x + 4 = 0, then the value of α6 + β6 is :

(A) 64
(B) 128
(C) 256
(D) 32

2) If x,y and z are real and distinct and u = x2 + 4y2 + 9z2 – 6yz – 3zx – 2xy, then u is always -

(A) non-negative
(B) zero
(C) non-positive
(D) positive

3) Let A= {2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11} and B = {1, 4, 5, 10, 15} Let R be a relation on A × B define by (a,
b)R(c, d) if and only if 3ad – 7bc is an even integer. Then the relation R is

(A) reflexive but not symmetric.


(B) transitive but not symmetric.
(C) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
(D) an equivalence relation.

4) For all sets S, let |S| denotes number of elements of S and n(S) denotes number of subsets of S
including empty set and the set itself. If A, B, C are three sets satisfying n(A) + n(B) + n(C) =
n(A∪B∪C) and |A| = |B| = 100 then the value of |A∪B∪C| – |C|

(A) 100
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 200
SECTION-I (ii)

1) Let ƒ : [0, 4] → [1, 33] is a polynomial of least degree such that ƒ(0) = 1, ƒ(1) = 3, ƒ(3) = 7 &
ƒ(4) = 33, then

(A) ƒ(x) is a one-one function


(B) ƒ(x) is a many-one function
(C) ƒ(x) is a bijective function
(D) ƒ(x) is a surjective function

2) For x ∈ R – {1}, if f(x) is a function satisfies f(x) + 3f = x then : (where [.] GIF)

(A)
f(2) =

(B)
f(3) =
(C) [(f(3))–1] = 2
[f(3)]–1 =
(D)

3) If α (α > 0) is a root of x11 – x10 + x8 – x7 + x5 – x4 + x2 – x – 20 = 0 then α12 is greater than

(A) 59
(B) 61
(C) 58
(D) 57

SECTION-II

1) Consider ƒ(x, y) = |x – 1| + 2|y – 2| + |xy|. Let S be solution set of all possible ordered pairs (x, y)
for which ƒ(x, y) = ƒ(y, x). If (α, β) is an element of set S, α ≠ β, then maximum possible value of α +
β is

2) If α, β are the roots of the equation x2 – 3x – 15 = 0, and f(n) = αn + βn then is


equal to –

3)

Let a1, a2, ..... an, be real numbers such that


then find the value of

4) If ƒ : A → B be an injective (one-one) and subjective (onto) function such that 4ƒ(x) + 2–x = 8. If

smallest integer in set A is m and largest integer in set B is n then is

5) Let ƒ : R → R be a bijective function and the graph of ƒ(x) is symmetric about point (1010,0) then
value of ƒ–1 (2020) + ƒ–1 (–2020) is equal to

6) Let , evaluate .

SECTION-I (iii)

1)

List-I List-II

The fundamental period of the function


(P) (1) 3
y = sin(2πt + π/3) + 2sin(3πt + π/4) + 3 sin5πt is

The fundamental period of the function


(Q) (2) 1

(R) (3) 4
If , then value of f(x) + f(1 – x) equals

(S) The period of the function is (4) 2


(where {·} represents fractional part function)

(5) 8
(A) P → 5;Q → 4;R → 1;S → 2
(B) P → 4;Q → 5;R → 2;S → 3
(C) P → 4;Q → 3;R → 2;S → 1
(D) P → 3;Q → 2;R → 4;S → 1

2) If equation x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 has roots α & β, then


Match List-I with corresponding values in List-II.

List-I List-II

(P) α2 + β2 (1) 8

(Q) α3 + β3 (2) 6
(R) α3 + 3α2 +5α + 11 (3) 10

(S) β4 + 2β2 + 15 (4) –2

(5) 4
(A) P → 4;Q → 1;R → 4;S → 1
(B) P → 4;Q → 3;R → 1;S → 2
(C) P → 5;Q → 3;R → 2;S → 3
(D) P → 4;Q → 3;R → 3;S → 4

3) Let f(x) = and g(x) is a function such that g(f(x)) = x, ∀ x ≥ –1 and f(g(x))
= x, ∀ x ≥ 0, then match the following List-I with List-II.

List-I List-II

(P) The range of y = g(x) is (1) [–2, ∞)

(Q) The domain of y = g(x) is (2) [–1, ∞)

(R) The range of y = f(f(f(g(x)))) is (3) [0, ∞)

(S) The domain of y = g(g(g(f(x)))) is (4) [1, ∞)

(5) [2, ∞)
The correct option is:
(A) P → 2;Q → 3;R → 5;S → 4
(B) P → 3;Q → 2;R → 5;S → 4
(C) P → 2;Q → 3;R → 4;S → 5
(D) P → 2;Q → 5;R → 3;S → 4
ANSWER KEYS

PART 1 : PHYSICS

SECTION-I (i)

Q. 1 2 3 4
A. A B C C

SECTION-I (ii)

Q. 5 6 7
A. A,B A,C,D B,D

SECTION-II

Q. 8 9 10 11 12 13
A. 1.00 7.34 to 7.35 3.00 20.00 8.00 1.00

SECTION-I (iii)

Q. 14 15 16
A. A C B

PART 2 : CHEMISTRY

SECTION-I (i)

Q. 17 18 19 20
A. D A C D

SECTION-I (ii)

Q. 21 22 23
A. A,B A,B A,B,C,D

SECTION-II

Q. 24 25 26 27 28 29
A. 9.00 3062.50 12.04 21.70 6.00 22.50

SECTION-I (iii)

Q. 30 31 32
A. B A A

PART 3 : MATHEMATICS
SECTION-I (i)

Q. 33 34 35 36
A. B A C B

SECTION-I (ii)

Q. 37 38 39
A. B,D A,B,C A,B,C,D

SECTION-II

Q. 40 41 42 43 44 45
A. 6.00 8.00 5050.00 0.50 2020.00 997.50

SECTION-I (iii)

Q. 46 47 48
A. B B A
SOLUTIONS

PART 1 : PHYSICS

1)

2)

AB = BC = CD = DA = BD = a (say)

Figure-1 Figure-2
in Fig. 1

in Fig. 2

V2 = 0
Electric field

So,

3)
Electric field =

= (independent of r.)

4)

5)

Possible lengths would be or

6) Along X axis, ux = u cosθ ,


Along Y axis, uy = u sinθ , ay = – g

Equations of motion along X and Y axes would be and y = u sinθt –


Time of flight remains unchanged as vertical motion is not affected by . Range of the particle

in the present case is always less than whatever be the value of E. R = xt=T = u cosθ ×

7)
From conservation of angular momentum,

V=
when gravity is variable during projectile motion, trajectory is not parabolic.

8)
=

9)

10)

Fe = mg

⇒ q = 3 × 10–6 C
= 3 mC

11)

At origin x = y = z = 0 so, and

Hence force

12)

(R + 900 × 103) × 8 × 106 = 10 × R × 900 × 103

R = 72 × 105 m ⇒ 7200 km

13)

a1 = / M1
a2 = / M2
acceleation of M1 w.r.t. M2
arel. = a1 + a2

= =

14) =F

=2F

15) Use concept of conductor, Earthing will make potential zero.

16) (A) → (R,Q,T) ; (B) → (S,T) ; (C) → (R, S,T) ; (D) → (Q, R,T)

PART 2 : CHEMISTRY

17)

Milli-equivalent of NH3 = mill. eq. of HNO3(given) – meq of HNO3(remaining)



⇒ meq. of HNO3(remaining) = M × VmL × nf
meq. of HNO3(remaining) = 0.5 × 30 × 2
∴ meq. of HNO3(remaining) = 30
∴ meq. of NH3 = meq. of HNO3(given) – meq. of HNO3(remaining)
= 200 × 0.25 × 1 – 30
= 20


nf of NH3 in aq. solution ⇒ (nf = 1)
∴ millimole × nf = 20 {nf = 1}

N → NH3
∴ m moles of N = m moles of NH3
∴ mmoles of N = 20
∴ mass of N = 20 × 10–3 × 14 g
∴ Mass of N = 0.280 g

∴ %N =

=
= 40%
18)

No. of C atoms = 6 × 10–2 × 6 × 1023


= 36 × 1021
= 3.6 × 1022

19) Milliequivalent of KMnO4 = Milliequivalents of FeC2O4

V(ml) × 0.1 × 5 =
V = 6 ml

20) + 14H⊕ + 6I⊝ → 3I2 + 2Cr3⊕ + 7H2O


(v.f.=3×2=6) (v.f.=2)
Equivalents of K2Cr2O7 = equivalents of I2
1 × 6 = moles of I2 × 2
∴ Moles of I2 = 3

21) O.N. of N is NH4NO3 is –3 & +5.


O.N. of S in FeS2 = –1.
O.N. of F can be –1 or 0.
And alkaline earth metals can have only 0 & +2 as O.N.

22) Let ; nCuS = a

n–factor = 8 6 10

23) 6 Li (s) + N2 (g) 2Li3N(s)

Initial excess
moles = 1.2

so moles of N2 consumed = ´× 1.2 = 0.2


so volume of N2 gas consumed at NTP = 0.2 × 22.4 = 4.48 litre

moles of Li3N produced = ×1.2 = 0.4


so moles of Li3N = 0.4 × 35 = 14 gram
total atoms of product = 0.4 × 4 × NA
ratio of moles reacted = 6 : 1
ratio of mass reacted = 42 : 28 = 3 : 2

24) POAC on S atom


∴ W= = 9 Kg

25)
Every 294 g K2Cr2O7 gives 96 g of S, So 3062.5 kg of K2Cr2O7 is required to produce 1000 kg of
sulphur.

26) Let divalent metal carbonate = MCO3

36 =
⇒ M = 73.33
Molar mass of metal carbonate = 73.33 + 60 = 133.33

Moles of metal carbonate = = 2 × 10–3


Number of metal atoms = 2 × 10–3 × 6.02 × 1023 = x × 1020
x = 12.04

27) Let two equimolar carbonates are ACO3 and BCO3.


Wt. of metal A = 2.58 ×0.132 = 0.34 gm
ACO3 + BCO3 AO + BO + 2CO2
Total two moles provide 2 moles of CO2
or 60 gm provide 44 gm of CO2
Mass of required to produced 1.232 g of CO2

= ×1.232 = 1.68 gm
so total wt. of carbonates = 1.68 gm
wt. of metal (A + B) = 2.58 – 1.68
= 0.90 gm
wt. of B = 0.90 – 0.34

= 0.56 gm ; % of B = ×100 = 21.70

– 2+ + –
28) 4Zn + NO3 + 7H2O → 4Zn + NH4 + 10OH

29)

Let normality of KMnO4– solution is N

30) (P) SO3 ⇒ V.D. = = No. of electrons in one mole = 40NA


(Q) CO ⇒ % by mass of C = =

% carbon by moles = × 100 = 50%


(R) C6H6 ⇒ Empirical formula = C – H

% by mole of C = = 50%
(S) C2H2 ⇒ Empirical formula = C – H

% by mole of C =

31)

(P) Cl2 → Cl–


nf = 2

E= = 35.5
(Q) Cl2 → ClO3–
nf = 10

E= = 7.1
(R) Cl2 → Cl– + ClO3–

nf =

E= = 42.6
(S) Cl2 → Cl– + ClO–
nf = 1
E = 71

32) (P) % K = × 100 = 11.11% (Q) % Zn = × 100 = 28.06%

(R) % Fe = × 100 = 16.04%

(S) % C = × 100 = 20.63%

PART 3 : MATHEMATICS

33)

α+β=2
αβ = 4
α2 + β2 = –4
α6 + β6 = (α2 + β2) (α4 + β4 - α2β2)
= 128
34)

35) A = {2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11} (a, b)R (c, d)


B = {1, 4, 5, 10, 15} 3ad – 7bc
Reflexive : (a, b) R(a, b)
⇒ 3ab – 7ba = –4ab always even so it is reflexive.
Symmetric : If 3ad – 7bc = Even
Case-I : odd odd
Case-II : even even
(c, d) R(a, b) ⇒ 3bc – 3ab
Case-I : odd odd
Case-II : even even
so symmetric relation
Transitive :
Set (3, 4)R (6, 4) Satisfy relation
Set (6, 4)R(3, 1) Satisfy relation
but (3, 4) R(3, 1) does not satisfy relation
so not transitive.

36) ∵ n(A) + n(B) + n(C) = n(A∪B∪C)


⇒ 2|A| + 2|B| + 2|C| = 2|A∪B∪C|
⇒ 2100 + 2100 + 2|C| = 2|A∪B∪C|
⇒ 2101 + 2|C| = 2|A∪B∪C|
Clearly |C| = 101 and |A∪B∪C| = 102
∴ |A∪B∪C| – |C| = 1

37) Let ƒ(x) – 2x – 1 = λx(x – 1)(x – 3)


put x = 4
33 – 9 = λ(4.3.1)
λ=2
⇒ ƒ(x) = 2x(x – 1)(x – 3) + 2x + 1
= 2x3 – 8x2 + 8x + 1
ƒ'(x) = 6x2 – 16x + 8
= 2(3x – 2)(x – 2)

ƒ(x) is many one in [0, 4]


ƒ(0) = ƒ(2) = 1 (least value)
ƒ(4) = 33 (greatest value)
⇒ range = [1, 33]

38)
f(x) + 3f = x ...(1)

x→ ;

... (2)

(1) – (2) → f(x) – 9f ........(3)

x→

...(4)

(3) + (4) f(x) – 81f =

f(x) – 27 (x – f(x)) =

28 f(x) =

39) x12 – 1 = (x – 1)(x3 + 1)(x6 + 1)(x2 + x + 1)

Hence x12 > 61

40)

f(x, y) = |x – 1| + 2|y – 2| + |xy|


f(y, x) = |y – 1| + 2|x – 2| + |yx|
f(x, y) = f(y, x)
|x – 1| + 2|y – 2| + |xy| = |y – 1| + 2|x – 2| + |xy|
|x – 1| – 2 |x – 2| = |y – 1| –2 |y – 2|
Possible case for maximum value of α + β is
x ≥ 2 & 1 ≤ y ≤ 2 or y ≥ 2 and 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
⇒ x – 1 – 2(x – 2) = y – 1 + 2(y – 2)
–x + 3 = 3y – 5
x + 3y = 8
x = 8 – 3y
When y = 1, x = 5
&y=2 x=2
⇒ (x + y)max = 5 + 1 = 6

41) α2 – 3α – 15 = 0 ⇒ α2 – 3α = 15 .... (1)


β2 – 3β – 15 = 0 ⇒ β2 – 3β = 15 .... (2)
f(8) = α8 + β8
3f(7) = 3α7 + 3β7
f(6) = α6 + β6

= =8

42)

a1 = 1, a2 = 2, .... an = n

43) 4ƒ(x) + 2–x = 8


⇒ ƒ(x) = log4(8 – 2–x)
domain 8 – 2–x > 0 ⇒ 2–x < 23
⇒ x ∈ (–3, ∞) So, m = –2

For range ƒ(x)max. = log4(8) =

∴ range So, n = 1

⇒ 4ƒ(x) . 4. ƒ'(x) – 2–x 2=0

⇒ ƒ'(x) > 0 ∀ x ∈ Dƒ
So, ƒ(x) is one-one function

44)
Let ƒ(x1) = 2020 and ƒ(x2) = –2020
⇒ x1 = ƒ–1(2020) and x2 = ƒ–1(–2020)
and = 1010 ⇒ x1 + x2 = 2020

45)

46) (P)

LCM

(Q)
T = LCM {4, 4, 8, 8} = 8

(R) f(x)
f(x) + f(1 – x) = 1

(S) ƒ(x) = sin(8πx) +

T = LCM

47)

α + β = –2, αβ = 3
α2 + β2 = (α + β)2 – 2αβ = 4 – 6 = –2
α3 + β3 = (α + β)3 — 3αβ(α + β)
= (–2)3 – 3(3)(–2) = –8 + 18 = 10
α3 + 3α2 + 5α + 11 = (α + 1)(α2 + 2α + 3) + 8
β2 + 3 = –2β
⇒ β4 + 6β2 + 9 = 4β2
β4 + 2β2 + 9 = 0
β4 + 2β2 + 15 = 6

48) Domain of g(x) is [0, ∞) and range of g(x) is [–1, ∞)

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Equivalent weight is determined by dividing the molecular weight of a compound by the number of electrons exchanged in a redox reaction. For chlorine, which commonly exists as diatomic Cl2, the equivalent weight changes depending on the reaction. In reactions involving Cl2 losing electrons to form Cl-, the equivalent weight is the molecular weight of Cl2 divided by 2, since each molecule of Cl2 releases two electrons. This value changes if different reactions are considered, such as when Cl2 is reduced or bonded differently, altering the stoichiometric requirements for electron transfer .

Matching lists or columns aids in conceptually organizing complex ideas by directly correlating distinguishable properties with their respective outcomes or identifiers. When dealing with oxidation states, equivalent masses, or any property like vapor density, matching activities facilitate recognition patterns essential for chemistry problem solving. Take oxidation states: by matching compounds to their electron exchanges, learners reinforce understanding through association, streamlining problem-solving by expediting recognition of oxidation-reduction reactions. These matches solidify understanding by forcing users to engage actively with relational properties across various possible configurations .

The gravitational interaction of two particles released in space, with no external forces, is governed by Newton's law of gravitation, which states the force of attraction between two particles is F = G(m1*m2)/R^2, where G is the gravitational constant. The relative acceleration a of one particle with respect to the other, with separation R, is determined by this force and expressed as a = F/m, leading to a = G*2M/R^2 under symmetric conditions. This model shows relative motion characteristics, such as acceleration dependent inversely on the square of the separation distance, which is fundamental for understanding celestial mechanics .

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For the forces to be in equilibrium, the net force must be zero. If six forces of equal magnitude F act on a particle such that the particle remains in equilibrium, the angle between every adjacent pair of forces needs to be 60°. This configuration ensures that the vector sum of all forces is zero because the forces are symmetrically arranged in a hexagonal manner, resulting in a balance. Thus, it's an illustration of the equilibrium of forces where all vectors cancel each other out mathematically due to their symmetry .

The equation n(A) + n(B) + n(C) = n(A∪B∪C) suggests that every subset of the union of sets A, B, and C is accounted for exactly once within each of the individual sets. This implies that the intersection of any two sets from A, B, and C is empty, and as a result, the sets are pairwise disjoint. If |A| = |B| = 100, the formula simplifies to showing that the number of subsets, including the empty set, doubles for each additional element, since n(S) = 2^|S|. Hence, |A∪B∪C| is logically derived as the combined cardinality minus the overlap counted in intersections, thus yielding |A∪B∪C| - |C| = 1 .

The reaction of lithium metal with nitrogen gas to form lithium nitride follows the equation: 6 Li (s) + N2 (g) -> 2 Li3N (s). This balanced equation indicates that six moles of lithium react with one mole of nitrogen gas to produce two moles of lithium nitride. The stoichiometry shows a 3:1 mole ratio between lithium and lithium nitride and a 6:1 ratio between lithium and nitrogen. This reaction proceeds until either lithium or nitrogen is entirely consumed, with lithium typically acting in excess in industrial applications. The molecular masses and Avogadro’s number can be used to calculate the amounts of reactants and products in grams or moles .

The zeroes of a polynomial function like f(x) = a(x-b)(x-c)... determine both its structure and degree. Since the polynomial passes through specific points (0,1), (1,3), (3,7), and (4,33), it's evident by interpolation or employing finite differences that the simplest polynomial passing through given points is cubic (degree 3), represented in the form f(x) = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d. For the given conditions, calculations identify constant terms through simultaneous equations derived from substituting x-values, confirming that more complex forms are unnecessary given specified boundary values .

A function symmetric about a point, such as f(x) being symmetric around (1010,0), implies that the function is self-mirroring across the line x = 1010. This symmetry means for every x on the graph, a corresponding point exists that is equidistant from and directly opposite on the other side of x = 1010. Hence, if f(x) = y, then f(2020-x) = -y. This property is useful in reducing complexity when analyzing function behaviors, as symmetric functions tend to exhibit predictable correspondences around the axis of symmetry. Evaluating f^-1(2020) + f^-1(-2020) utilizes this symmetry, indicating their values reflect positions equidistant from the symmetry line on opposite sides .

In the redox reaction where potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) reacts with hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the chromium in K2Cr2O7 is reduced, while the sulfur in H2S is oxidized to elemental sulfur. To calculate the mass of K2Cr2O7 needed to produce 1000 kg of sulfur, the balanced redox equation must be used to determine the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants. Using the molar mass of K2Cr2O7 (294 g/mol) and stoichiometric calculations, the required mass of K2Cr2O7 can be determined. This involves setting up a mole ratio from the balanced equation and converting from moles to kilograms of K2Cr2O7 .

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