angular distortion and lateral strain are adopted based ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
on previous works. Son and Cording (2005) proposed
This study is supported by Ministry of Science and
an evaluation chart to assess the building serviceability
Technology of Taiwan under grant numbers of
as shown in Figure 5. The results from the decoupled
102-2221-E-011-104 and 103-2221-E-011-072-MY2.
analysis are also plotted in Figure 5. In this study, the
This support is gratefully acknowledged.
lateral strains are calculated at the level of footing
location. Figure 5 shows that the first spans suffer more
REFERENCES
from angular distortion while the spans farther away
from the excavation show greater lateral strain. The 1. Lin, H. D., Truong, H. M., Dang, H, P., and Chen, C. C.
lateral strain characteristic agrees with the tension (2014): Assessment of 3D excavation and adjacent building’s
responses with consideration of excavation-structure
observed in spans 7-10 (Figure 4a). Meanwhile, the
interaction, Geotechnical Special Publication, ASCE, 242,
angular distortion is also consistent with the plastic 256-265.
hinge locations (Figure 4b). 2. Ou, C. Y., Liao, J. T., and Lin, H. D. (1998): Performance of
diaphragm wall constructed using top-down method, Journal
of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmetal Engineering, ASCE,
124(9), 798-808.
3. Son, M., and Cording, E. J. (2005): Estimation of building
damage due to excavation-induced ground movements,
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmetal Engineering,
ASCE, 131(2), 162-177.
Fig. 5. Building damage evaluation on the chart proposed
by Son and Cording (2005)
5 CONCLUSIONS
This paper presents a decoupled analytical
procedure and demonstrates its applicability in
analyzing the 3D excavation-structure system.
Nonlinear excavation behavior and inelastic structure
responses can be simulated separately with well
accepted computer programs in geotechnical and
structure engineering. A robust iteration procedure is
developed to bridge the results from the decoupled
analyses. This decoupled procedure is proven to be
relatively simple, efficient, and exhibits high potential
for practical application.
The analytical results of the responses of the
adjacent ground and building induced by excavation
using 3D decoupled simulation shows that the building
settlement is larger than the greenfield ground
settlement at the same position. The horizontal
movement of the building is more uniform than that of
the greenfield ground. The relative footing movements
due to the nearby excavation may cause tensile strains
in the tie beam connecting the footings. In addition,
plastic hinges may occur in the building. The calculated
lateral strain and angular distortion are also consistent
with locations of the tensile force and the plastic hinge
formation in the building. These observations provide
valuable insights on how and where the damage may
occur.
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