USEFUL CONCEPTS PART - 2

SECTION - A (Only one alternative is correct)

1. Solve for x :
2
(a) x = 5 (b) x = -2 (c) 2x  5  1 (d) 2x  x  3  1
(e) x  1  x  3  2 (f) x  x  5  5
2. Solve for x :
(a) x  2 (b) x  1  3 (c) x  2  1 (d) 4  3 x  1 / 2
2
(e) x  4x  5
3. Solve the following equations and inequalities :
2
(a) x  3 x  5 (b) x 2  x  1  1 (c) x  x  6  x  2

x2  x  12 x1
(d)  2x. (e) x  1  2
(f) x  2x  3  3 x  3
x3 2
(g) x  5 x  6   5 x  5 x  6  6  0
2 2 2 2
(h) x  4x  3  2x  5  0
2
(i) x  1  x  2  x  3  2 (j) x  1  x  1  0
4. Solve system of equ : x  2 y  3 & 5 y  7 x  2
5. For equation x 2  x  6  0
(a) total number of real roots is 2 (b) sum of all real roots is 0
(c) product of all roots is -4 (c) total number of real roots is 4
6. The equation set of equation x 2  x  x 2  x will be
(a) 0,1 (b)   ,0  1,   (c)  1,1 (d) N.O.T.
7. The least integer satisfying x  3  2 x  1  4 will be
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) -2 (d) N.O.T.
2
8. The number of real roots of x  4 x  3  11  2x will be
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) more than 2
2 2
9. The number of real solutions of x  x  1  2x  3  x will be
(a) zero (b) one (c) two (d) more than 2
2 2
10. For a>0, determine all roots of x  2a x  a  3a  0. Also calculate the roots if a>7.
11. Solve for x :
2 2 3 2
(a) x  9  x  4  5 (b) x  1  x  x  1

12. Solve for x: 2 x  2  2 x  1  1  2 x 1  1

13. Solve for x:
(i) x  3 .9 (ii) x  3 .9 (iii) x  3 .9 (iv) 2 .1  x  5
14. Solve for x :
(a)  x  3 (b) x    x  0 (c) x2  3x  2  0
(d) x2  9 (e)  x   3 (f) 4x   x  x
15. If x2  x  2, where x   the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then x must be
such that
(a) x  2,1 (b) x  2,3  (c) x   1,0 (d) N.O.T.
16. Let y  2x   3  3x  2  5 then x  y  equals
(a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 12 (d) N.O.T.
100
1 n 
17. Let f n   
 2 100 
where x  denotes the integral part of x. Then value of  f n
n 1
is

(a) 50 (b) 51 (c) 1 (d) N.O.T.

1 
18. The value of log 3 20  log 10 equals
 400 
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) N.O.T.
19. No. of pairs of x, y  satisfying x2  y2  3 will ([] & {} are integral & fractional parts)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) finitely many (d) infinitely many
20. The solution set of x 2  x  1 2  25, where (x) is the atleast integer greater then or
equal to x, is
(a) 2,4  (b)  5,4  2,3  (c)   4,3   3,4 (d) N.O.T.
21. x  x  x   3 then value of x lie in the interval
(a)   ,0 (b)  ,1  (c)   ,2  (d) N.O.T.
22. Solve the equation 2x  1  3x  2x
23. Prove that
1 2  1
(i) x   x    x    3x  (ii) x  x   2x 
 3  3  2 

BRAIN TEASERS

If ax  bx  c  1 holds true for all x  0,1 then prove that a  b  c  17

2
24.

2 x  x  y  x 2  a
25. Find all the value of a for which the system  2 has only one solution
x  y 2  1
(a, x, y are real numbers).
1 1 1
26. Find all x satisfying   x 
x 2x 3
27. Find values of xx  0 for which x, x , x are three consecutive terms of a G.P.
x x x 31
28. If 0  x  1000 and          x, where x  is the greatest integer less than or
 2   3   5  30
equal to x, the find the number of possible value of x
29. Solve the equation x2  4x  x  3  0
30. For every positive integer n, prove than 4n  1  n  n  1  4n  2 Hence or otherwise
prove that  n  n1    
4n  1 . where [x] denotes the greatest integer not exceeding x.
31. Find the number of negative integral solutions of x2 2 x 1  2 x 3 2  x 2 2 x 3  4  2 x 1.
32. Find all x satisfying x2  5x  6  sin x
3 2 2
33. Find all value of a for which equation a  a a  x  a x  1  1

COMPREHENSION

34. Consider the equation x  y  x y 

(i) The total number of integral solutions of the equation will be
(a) zero (b) one (c) two (d) more than 2
(ii) The number of non integral solution is
(a) zero (b) one (c) two (d) more than 2
(iii) All the non-integral solution lie on lines
(a) x  y & x  y  3 (b) x  y  0 & x  y  6
(c) x  y  0 & x  y  4 (d) x  y  0 & x  y  3
LOGARITHMS

1. Find value of log of 5832 tp base 3 2

2. Let log a 2  1 / 6 then find a.
3. Find the value of
(a) log 5 25 (b) log 4 256 (c) log 2 16
4. Rewrite the following equalities in the exponential form
1 2 1
(a) log 2 32  5 (b) log 3  5 (c) log 5 5
5 (d) log 100 0.1  
243 3 2
5. Determine b satisfying
10
(i) log 8
 (ii) log e 2 log b 625   log 10 16 log e 10
3
6. Given log 10 x  a, log 10 y  b then
(i) find 10a1 in terms of x (ii) find 102b in terms of y
(iii) if log 10 P  2a  b then find P in terms of x & y
Using the identity a a  n, find
log n
7.
(i) 3  1 / 2  log 3 9 121  1 / 3  log m log 10 n
(iv) 10 10
3
(ii) 22 log 2 5 (iii) 8 log 2
8. Compute without using tables
(i) log π tan 0.25 π (ii) 81 1 / log 5 3   27 log 9 36  3 4 / log 7 9
(iii) 2 log 3 5  5 log 3 2 (iv) log 3 5 log 25 27 (v) log 9 27  log 27 9
(vi) log 3 4 log 4 5 log 6 7 log 7 8 log 8 9  (vii) Evaluate log 216 6  to the base 6.
9. log 5 5 log 4 9 log 3 2 simplifies to
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) N.O.T.
log 3 8
10. (i) Prove that  3 log 2
log 9 16 log 4 10
1 1 1
(ii) If x  log 4 10, y  log 2 20, z  log 5 8 then prove that   1
x1 y 1 z1
11. If A  log 2 log 2 log 4 256   2 log 2
2 then A 
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
1
12. Prove that log 10 a2c / b  2 log 10 a  log 10 c  log b
2
13. Simplify
16 25 81
(i) 7 log  5 log  3 log (ii) log 7 7 7 7 .......till 
15 24 80
14. (i) Compute : log 6 16 if log 12 27  a.
1  x  2 x   2f  x 
(ii) If f x   log   then prove that f  
1  x  1  x2 
 If 7 log 7 x  4 x 5   x  1 thenx may have values ...........
2
15.
16. Given that loga x  1 / α , logb x  1 / β , logc x  1 / γ , find log abc x
17. Find all x satisfying 3 x 2  1 / 91 / x
18. Prove that log 2 5 is an irrational number
19. Prove that
a2 b2 c2 26 65 55
(i) log  log  log 0 (ii) log  log  log 0
bc ac ab 33 69 46
 2b b2 
(iii) 2 log  a  b   2 log a  log 
 1   
 ac a2 
20. If x  log 2a a, y  log 3 a 2a, z  log 4a 3a, prove that xyz  1  2yz
21. Find the least integer n such that 7 n  105 , given that log 10 343  2 .5353
22. Given the 2 log x 2 y   3  log x  log y where x and y are both positive, express y in terms
of x. if x  y  3, find the values of x and y. [log x represents log 10 x ]
1
23. Prove that log 2 17 log 1 / 5 2 log 3  2.
5
25. If a,b,c are pth , qth , r th terms of a G.P. then prove that
q  r  log a  r  p log b  p  q log c  0
26. Which is greater
1
(i) log 2 3 or log 1 / 2 5 (ii) log 4 5 or log 1 / 16
25
(iii) .01 1 / 3 or .001 1 / 5
27. If a,b,c are in G.P., prove that log a n, log b n, log c n are in H.P.
28. Show that
1 1 1 1
(i)   .........  
log 2 n log 3 n log 43 n log 43 n
(ii) log log x2   log log x   log 2
log a log b log c
29. (a) If   , prove that aa .bb .c c  1.
bc ca ab
a  b log a  log b
(b) If a2  b2  7ab, prove that log 
3 2
30. Solve for x :
(i) log 1 / 3 21 / 2 x  1   log 1 / 3 1 / 4 x  4 
(ii) log x2 1 x 3  6  log x2 1 2x 2  5x 
31. Solve for x :
(a) 3 x8 x / x 2   6 (b) 3 2 x  3 x 1  3 x 1  1  0
5
(c) log x 3 x2  10x   3 (d) log 5 x  log x 5 
2
(e) 4x  3 x 1 / 2   3 x  1 / 2   22 x 1  (f) log 10 log 10 log 10 x  0.
(g) 4log 9 3  9log 2 4  10log x 83. (h) log 10 x 2  x  6  x  log 10 x  2   4.
(i) log 16 x  log 4 x  log 2 x  7 .
log x log y log z
32. If   , prove that x qr .y r p .z p q  x p .y q .z r .
qr rp pq
33. Solve the equations :
log 3 x  log 3 y  2  log 3 2, log 27 x  y   2 / 3
10
34. If log 2 x  log x 2   log 2 y  log y 2 and x  y then prove that x  y  8  21 / 3.
3
35. Find the solution of log 4 x  1   log 2 x  3 
36. If a, b, c are three consecutive positive integers, prove that
log 1  ac   2 log b.
37. If log 3 2, log 3 2 x  5  and log 3 2 x  7 / 2  are in arithmetic progression, then find the value of
x.
38. 3 log 3 7  7 log 7 3

(a) True (b) False

GATEWAY TO I.I.T. - J.E.E.

39. Find all value of the parameter ‘a’ for which inequality 1  log 5 x 2  1   log 5 ax 2  4x  a
is valid for all real x.
1 1 1 
40. Prove that (i) 0.16log 2.5  3  32  33 ................   4 (ii) log 2 5 is an irrational number
Prove that log tan 1  log tan 2  log tan 3  ...........  log tan 89  0
0 0 0 0
41.
42. Find the least value of the expression 2 log 10 x  log x .01  for x  1.
43. Solve for x: log 10 x  log 10 x 1 / 2  log 10 x1 / 4  ........  y . and
1  3  5  .........  2y  1  20

4  7  10  ........  3 y  1  7 log 10 x
44. If a,b,c are distinct positive numbers each different from 1 such that
log b a log c a  log a a  log a b log c b  log b b  log a c log b c  log c c   0, then prove that
abc  1
45. Solve for x
(i) log 0.3 x  1   log 0.09 (x  1). (ii) log .1 4x2  1   log .1 3 x
46. Solve for x (i) log 2 x 3  6x2  23 x  21   4  log 3 x 7  4x2  12x  9
(ii) 2 log x a  log ax a  3 log a2 x a  0
47. If x, y  R, then solve the equations :
3y  1  log 3 x  1 and x 2 y 10  27
2 2

48. If a and b are the lengths of the sides and c the length of the hypotennuse of a right
angled triangle c  b  1 and c  d  1, prove that log c b a  log c b a  2 log c b a log c b a.
49. Given that log l x, log m x and log n x are in arithmetic progression. Note that x  1. Then
prove that n2  lnlog l m
50. Given log 10 2  0.30103, log 10 3  0.47712 . Find the number of digits in 3 12  28.
51. If log12 18  α and log24 54  β , prove that αβ  5α  β  1.
52. Solve the equations for x and y :
3 x log 3  4y log 4 and 4 log x  3 log y
53. If n is a natural number such that n  p1 a1 .p2 a2 .p3 a3 ,.......pk ak , and p1 , p2 ,......... ..pk are distinct
primes, then show that log n  k log 2.
Solve for x : log 3 / 4 log 8 x 2  7   log 1 / 2 log 1 / 4 x 2  7   2
1
54.
x : log 3 / 4 log 8 x2  7   log 1 / 2 log 1 / 4 x2  7   2
1