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Embedded Systems and IoT Overview

The document provides an overview of embedded systems, highlighting their characteristics, architecture, and differences from general computers. It discusses the components of microcontrollers, the concept of 'Things' in IoT, challenges in IoT implementation, and deployment levels. Additionally, it covers the physical and logical design of IoT systems and differentiates between soft and hard real-time tasks.

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sanghavicollage1990
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5 views2 pages

Embedded Systems and IoT Overview

The document provides an overview of embedded systems, highlighting their characteristics, architecture, and differences from general computers. It discusses the components of microcontrollers, the concept of 'Things' in IoT, challenges in IoT implementation, and deployment levels. Additionally, it covers the physical and logical design of IoT systems and differentiates between soft and hard real-time tasks.

Uploaded by

sanghavicollage1990
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

IoT INSEM IMPORTANT NOTES

a) What is an embedded system? What are the characteristics of an embedded system?


An embedded system is a computer system designed for a specific function within a larger device.
Characteristics:
1. Single-purpose
2. Real-time operation
3. Low power
4. Small size
5. Reliable
6. Limited UI

b) Introduce any embedded processor in brief. Explain its architecture.


Example: ARM Cortex-M series
Architecture:
- RISC design
- Harvard architecture
- Pipeline
- Integrated peripherals
- Low power modes

c) Differentiate between General Computer and Embedded Devices


General Computer: Multi-purpose, high performance, complex UI, upgradeable (e.g., laptop)
Embedded Device: Single-purpose, low power, limited UI, not easily upgradeable (e.g., microwave)

d) General Model of an Embedded System & Applications


Model: Hardware, Software, I/O, Communication
Applications: Home appliances, Automotive, Medical, Industrial

e) Define SOC. Types and Examples


System-on-Chip integrates CPU, GPU, memory, peripherals on a single chip.
Types: Digital SoC (Snapdragon), Analog/Digital SoC, Mixed-Signal SoC (ESP32)

f) Components of Microcontroller
CPU, Memory, I/O Ports, Timers, ADC/DAC, Communication Interfaces, Interrupt Controller, Power
supply

g) Concept of ‘Things’ in IoT with Examples


‘Things’ are physical devices connected to the Internet that collect, exchange and process data.
Examples: Smart thermostat, Wearables, Connected cars

h) Challenges in Implementing IoT Applications


Security, Interoperability, Power management, Scalability, Data management, Standardization

i) IoT Deployment Levels


Level 2: Perception (Sensors)
Level 3: Network (Wi-Fi, ZigBee)
Level 4: Application (Smart homes, e-health)

j) Physical & Logical Design of IoT


Physical: Devices, Communication, Cloud
Logical: Protocols (HTTP, MQTT), Functional blocks (Sensing, Processing, Networking)
Example: Smart Home System

k) Soft and Hard Real-time Tasks


Hard Real-time: Strict deadlines (Airbag, Pacemaker)
Soft Real-time: Flexible deadlines (Video streaming, Gaming)

Diagram: General Model of Embedded System

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