Basic Knowledge of Computer Hardware, Software
Installation, Networking, and IT Support
1. Computer Hardware
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer that you can touch.
Component Purpose
CPU (Central Processing Unit) The brain — processes instructions.
RAM (Random Access Memory) Short-term memory for running programs.
Motherboard Main circuit board connecting all components.
Storage (HDD/SSD) Long-term memory for files and software.
Power Supply Unit (PSU) Provides power to all components.
GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) Handles images, videos, and 3D rendering.
Input Devices Keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.
Output Devices Monitor, printer, speakers, etc.
Cooling System Fans or liquid cooling to prevent overheating.
2. Software Installation
Software installation is the process of setting up programs to run on your computer.
- Obtain the software — from a CD, USB, or download.
- Check system requirements — OS version, RAM, disk space.
- Run the installer — usually [Link] (Windows) or .dmg (Mac).
- Follow prompts — choose location, settings, and components.
- Accept the license agreement.
- Finish installation and test the program.
3. Networking Basics
Term Meaning
LAN (Local Area Network) Connects devices in a small area (office/home).
WAN (Wide Area Network) Covers large areas — e.g., the Internet.
IP Address Unique number for each device on a network.
Router Directs network traffic between devices and the internet.
Switch Connects devices in a network to share data.
Firewall Protects against unauthorized access.
Wi-Fi Wireless networking technology.
4. IT Support Services
- Troubleshooting hardware issues — faulty cables, dead hard drives.
- Software troubleshooting — fixing errors, reinstalling programs.
- Network setup & repair — Wi-Fi issues, router configuration.
- Data backup & recovery — protecting against data loss.
- Security management — antivirus, user access controls.
- User training — teaching basic computer use.