Examines the origins of earliest
text to appreciate the underlying
circumstances upon which the
text came to be
GOALS:
Sensus Literalis Historicus (Literal Sense) –
discovering the meaning of the text in its
primitive or historical context
Reconstruction of the historical situation of
the author and recipients of the text
Source Criticism – analyzes and studies the sources
Form Criticism – seeks to determine a unit’s original
form and historical context of the literary tradition
Redaction Criticism – regards the author as editor of
sources materials
Tradition criticism – attempts to trace the
developmental stages of the oral tradition from its
historical emergence to its literary presentation
Canonical Criticism – focuses on interpretation of the
bible on the text of biblical canon
External Criticism
Internal Criticism
External Criticism or provenance of the source
It determines the authenticity of the source.
Paleographical – deciphering & dating
historical manuscripts
Diplomatic – critical analysis of historical
document to understand how the document
came to be, transmission of information, and
relationships between the facts and reality
Internal Criticism
It determines the historicity of the facts
contained in the document.
Character of the Source
Knowledge of the Author
Influences prevalent at the time of writing
Isographies – dictionaries of biographies
giving examples of handwriting
Looking for anachronism – events out of time
Theprocess of critically
examining and analyzing the
records and survivals of the past
Systematic evaluation of the primary
source that will help develop and
present an argument based on own
understanding of the evidences
Considers the time, place, and
situation when the primary source is
written
Includes author’s background,
authority on the subject and intent,
and its relevance and meaning to
people and society
NOLI ME TANGERE
EL FILIBUSTERISMO
SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS
(Annotated by Dr. Jose Rizal)
[Link]
VSGMrOgCRA
The period of discovery and expansionism
began in the 15th century
1521 – Magellan’s rediscovery
Italian scholar and explorer
from the Republic of Venice.
He traveled with
the Portuguese explorer Fer
dinand Magellan and his
crew by order of the
King Charles I of Spain on
their voyage around the
world. During the
expedition, he served as
Magellan's assistant and
kept an accurate journal
During the voyage, which started in
August 1519, Pigafetta collected
extensive data concerning
the geography, climate, and the
native inhabitants of the places that
the expedition visited.
His meticulous notes proved
invaluable to
future explorers and cartographers,
mainly due to his inclusion of
nautical and linguistic data, and
also to latter-
day historians because of its vivid,
detailed style.
GROUP 1: Who is Antonio Pigafetta? Who are the
persons involved in the Expedition? What was the
aim of the expedition?
GROUP 2: The Preparation for the Voyage. How
many ships? How did it started?
GROUP 3: The Arrival in the Philippines. How were
they welcomed and what are the resources found?
Summarize important events, dates, and places.
GROUP 4: The Battle of Mactan and the Fall of
Magellan. Who is Lapu-lapu? Describe the battle
and its significance in History.
GROUP 5: The Retreat. Prove “circumnavigation”.
Discuss the revelations of the written journal of
Pigafetta. What does it prove?