Version 2.

IP Traffic Generator & QoS Measurement Tool

for IP Networks (IPv4 & IPv6)
------------------------------------------------------------------
FTTx, LAN, MAN, WAN, WLAN, WWAN, Mobile, Satellite, PLC…

User Guide

ZTI Communications / 1 rue Ampère / 22300 LANNION / France

Phone: +33 2 9613 4003 / Email: contact@[Link] / [Link]
IP Traffic – Test & Measure Foreword

The content of this User Guide is provided for informational use only. It is subject to change without
notice, and must not be used as a commitment by ZTI Communications.

ZTI Communications could not be liable for any direct or indirect damages caused by the software
or User guide imperfection.

The elaboration of this guide has been made to be as accurate as possible. We hope that you will
find all the information required to use our software in a convenient way. Failing to do so, do not
hesitate to contact us at support@[Link].

Except when allowed by license agreement between ZTI Communications and User, no part of this
guide or the software may be reproduced, transmitted in any form or by any means.

To contact us:

ZTI Communications

1 rue Ampère
22300 LANNION
France

Phone: +33 2 9613 4003

Email: support@[Link]
Web: [Link]

Copyrights

Copyright ZTI Communications 2015. All rights The software described in this manual is protected by a License
reserved. An Orange licensed product. Agreement and may only be used in accordance with the terms of this
agreement.

No part of this manual may be copied, reproduced, translated or recorded by any mean without prior written consent from
ZTI Communications. All products and company names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective owners.

Copyright © 2015 ZTI Communications. All rights reserved. Page 2/191

IP Traffic – Test & Measure Foreword

End User License Agreement

This is an agreement between you (legal entity or physical person) and ZTI Communications.

 COPYRIGHT
The enclosed Software and documentation (here after called the Products) remains the property of ZTI
Communications. French copyright laws and international treaties protect the products. ZTI Communications grants
you the right to use the products according to the following:

 USE OF THE SOFTWARE

You may:
- Install the software on the hard disk of your system accordingly with the software protection described in the
next paragraph.
- Make one backup copy of the software, provided that this copy is not used or install on any computer.
- Use the product properly and on the following platforms only: Windows Seven, Windows Vista, Windows Server
2003 to 2012, Windows XP and Windows 8 or Windows 10
In accordance with copyright and patent laws, the Licensee undertakes:
- To use the Products only for its own use
- Not to modify the Products
- Not to make illegal copy of the Products
- Not to give, rent, sublicense or sale the Products
- To protect and respect ZTI Communications and Products reputation.

 SOFTWARE PROTECTION
IP Traffic – Test & Measure with its add-ons is licensed on a workstation basis. You will need to purchase a separate
license for each machine that you install it on. Each licensed copy of the software installed on a workstation has:
- a unique Site Code that requires the corresponding unique Site Key to be entered
- or a unique USB Software Protection Key to be plugged
to run the software.

 LIMITED WARRANTY
The software is supplied without any express or implied warranty regarding the performances or results obtained by the
use of the Products.
ZTI Communications warrants that the software media (i.e. CD-ROM) will be free of material defects for a ninety (90)
days period following purchase. The limited warranty applies to the media and not the information contained on it. If the
media does not comply with this limited warranty, the only remedy is the replacement of the media software. In no event,
ZTI Communications will be liable for any kind of direct or indirect damages caused by the Products.

 COURT OF LAW
French laws will govern this agreement.
The court of Saint-Brieuc (France) shall finally settle all disputes arising out of or in connection with this Agreement.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT: ZTI COMMUNICATIONS CUSTOMER SUPPORT

DEPARTMENT.
ZTI Communications
1 rue Ampère
22300 LANNION
France

Phone: +33 2 9613 4003

Email: support@[Link]
Web: [Link]

Copyright © 2015 ZTI Communications. All rights reserved. Page 3/191

IP Traffic – Test & Measure Table of Contents

Table of Contents

PART 0 PREFACE ....................................................................................................................................... 7

0.1 ORGANIZATION OF THIS MANUAL .......................................................................................... 7
0.2 MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................... 8
0.3 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 8
0.4 TERMS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT ......................................................................................... 9
0.5 TECHNICAL SUPPORT ......................................................................................................... 9
PART 1 OVERVIEW...................................................................................................................................10
1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................... 10
1.2 ARCHITECTURE ................................................................................................................ 13
1.3 USE A HARDWARE TIME DEVICE TO GET HIGH PRECISION MEASUREMENTS ............................ 14
1.4 IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE KEY FEATURES .................................................................. 16
1.5 THE AUTOMATION TOOL FOR IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE .............................................. 23
PART 2 WHAT’S NEW IN VERSION 2.8 ..................................................................................................24
PART 3 INSTALL IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE ...............................................................................25
3.1 FOREWORDS BEFORE UPGRADING FROM VERSION 2.0 AND HIGHER ..................................... 25
3.2 FOREWORDS BEFORE UPGRADING FROM VERSIONS 1 (INCLUDING VERSION 1.3)................... 25
3.3 RUN THE SOFTWARE INSTALLATION FROM THE DOWNLOADED FILE ....................................... 25
3.4 RUN THE SOFTWARE INSTALLATION FROM THE CD-ROM .................................................... 25
3.5 DURING THE INSTALLATION................................................................................................ 26
3.5.1 IP Traffic - Test & Measure Packages in a few words ................................................................. 26
3.5.2 Which package should I install? ................................................................................................... 27
3.6 WHAT HAS BEEN INSTALLED ON MY COMPUTER? ................................................................. 28
3.7 HOW TO REINSTALL ANOTHER PACKAGE? ........................................................................... 29
3.8 HOW TO TRANSFER THE SOFTWARE TO ANOTHER COMPUTER? ............................................ 29
PART 4 HOW TO HANDLE YOUR LICENSE? .........................................................................................30
4.1 IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE TRIAL VERSION .................................................................. 30
4.1.1 IP Traffic - Test & Measure License Information window ............................................................ 30
4.1.2 End of the 15-day trial period ....................................................................................................... 30
4.2 IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE & SOFTWARE PROTECTION KEY ......................................... 31
4.2.1 Installation of the Software Protection Key .................................................................................. 31
4.2.2 Software Protection Key Transfers .............................................................................................. 34
4.3 IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE & USB SOFTWARE PROTECTION KEY ................................. 40
PART 5 UNINSTALL IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE .........................................................................41
PART 6 GETTING STARTED ....................................................................................................................42
PART 7 RUN IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE ......................................................................................48
PART 8 IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE AND WINDOWS FIREWALL ...............................................49
8.1 HOW TO AUTHORIZE TCP AND UDP CONNECTIONS UNDER W INDOWS XP SERVICE PACK 2 AND
WINDOWS SERVER 2003 .................................................................................................. 49
8.2 HOW TO AUTHORIZE UDP AND TCP CONNECTIONS UNDER W INDOWS VISTA AND AFTER....... 50
8.3 HOW TO AUTHORIZE ICMPV4 AND ICMPV6 TRAFFIC UNDER W INDOWS VISTA AND AFTER ..... 51
PART 9 GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE ................................................................................................52
9.1 MAIN W INDOW ................................................................................................................. 52
9.2 DISPLAY GENERAL RULES OF THE IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE GUI ............................... 53
9.3 USED UNITS IN INFORMATION DISPLAY............................................................................... 54
9.3.1 Volume units ................................................................................................................................ 54
9.3.2 Throughput units .......................................................................................................................... 54
9.3.3 Duration units ............................................................................................................................... 54
PART 10 USING IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE ..................................................................................55

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure Table of Contents

10.1 MAIN STEPS ..................................................................................................................... 55

10.2 MENU DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................... 56
10.2.1 File Menu...................................................................................................................................... 56
10.2.2 Edit menu ..................................................................................................................................... 57
10.2.3 Configuration menu ...................................................................................................................... 59
10.2.4 Time Reference menu .................................................................................................................. 63
10.2.5 Utilities menu ................................................................................................................................ 70
10.2.6 Automation Tool menu ................................................................................................................. 73
10.2.7 Help Menu .................................................................................................................................... 73
10.2.8 Operating mode menu ................................................................................................................. 76
10.3 MAIN WINDOW : THE FIVE TABS ........................................................................................... 77
10.4 MAIN WINDOW : THE TIME REFERENCE DISPLAY AND THE ACTIVITY DISPLAY .......................... 77
10.5 MAIN WINDOW : THE GENERAL COMMANDS .......................................................................... 78
10.6 THE ‘IP GENERATOR – PARAMETERS’ TAB.......................................................................... 79
10.6.1 Destination Parameters................................................................................................................ 80
10.6.2 Configure the Unitary Mode for TCP and/or UDP connections ................................................... 86
10.6.3 Configure the Unitary Mode for ICMP connections ..................................................................... 96
10.6.4 Configure the automatic mode for TCP or UDP connections ...................................................... 97
10.6.5 Configure the replay sniffed traffic mode ................................................................................... 101
10.7 THE ‘IP GENERATOR – TRAFFIC + STATISTICS’ TAB........................................................... 103
10.7.1 Destination Parameters area ..................................................................................................... 103
10.7.2 Statistics (Application Level) ...................................................................................................... 104
10.7.3 Run an unitary testing session ................................................................................................... 110
10.7.4 Run an automatic testing session .............................................................................................. 111
10.7.5 Run a replay traffic session ........................................................................................................ 112
10.8 THE ‘IP ANSWERING’ TAB ................................................................................................ 113
10.8.1 Duplicate parameters of a connection onto others .................................................................... 113
10.8.2 Listening To … ........................................................................................................................... 114
10.8.3 Coming From … ......................................................................................................................... 118
10.8.4 Receiving working mode ............................................................................................................ 118
10.8.5 ‘IP Answering’ Statistics ............................................................................................................. 122
10.8.6 “Export IP Answering statistics into a file” parameters .............................................................. 124
10.9 THE ‘TRAFFIC SNIFFER’ TAB ............................................................................................ 128
10.9.1 Capture Parameters (Step 1) ..................................................................................................... 129
10.9.2 Capture sniffed traffic into a file (Step 2) .................................................................................... 131
10.9.3 Run analysis algorithm (Step 3) ................................................................................................. 132
10.10 THE ‘TRAFFIC OBSERVER’ TAB ........................................................................................ 133
10.10.1 IP Traffic - Test & Measure: On-line and Off-line modes for statistics ....................................... 134
10.10.2 Objects and command buttons .................................................................................................. 135
10.10.3 Values and statistics display ...................................................................................................... 148
PART 11 CALCULATION MODE FOR THE STATISTICS .......................................................................157
11.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 157
11.2 STATISTICS COMPUTED BY IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE ............................................... 158
11.2.1 Reference points to compute the statistics ................................................................................ 158
11.2.2 Statistics description .................................................................................................................. 159
11.3 GENERAL PARAMETERS USED TO CALCULATE THE STATISTICS ........................................... 161
11.4 CALCULATION METHOD USED BY IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE TO COMPUTE STATISTICS.. 162
11.4.1 The two calculation methods ..................................................................................................... 162
11.4.2 IP Traffic - IP Generator statistics .............................................................................................. 162
11.4.3 IP Traffic - IP Answering statistics ............................................................................................. 163
11.4.4 IP Traffic – Traffic Observer statistics ........................................................................................ 163
11.4.5 IP Traffic – Packets Statistics Synthesis .................................................................................... 163
11.5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION FOR CALCULATION OF THE STATISTICS ......................................... 164
11.5.1 The 'IP Generator – Traffic + Statistics' tab ............................................................................... 164
11.5.2 The 'IP Answering – Parameters + Statistics' tab ...................................................................... 166
11.5.3 The 'Traffic Observer' tab ........................................................................................................... 167
PART 12 COMMAND LINE PARAMETERS .............................................................................................169
12.1 GENERAL RULE .............................................................................................................. 169
12.2 START IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE AND OPEN A CONTEXT FILE .................................... 169

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure Table of Contents

12.3 STOP IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE .............................................................................. 169

PART 13 APPENDIX..................................................................................................................................170
13.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE MATHEMATICAL LAWS USED BY IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE ........ 170
13.1.1 Uniform Law ............................................................................................................................... 170
13.1.2 Exponential Law ......................................................................................................................... 171
13.1.3 Law of Pareto ............................................................................................................................. 173
13.1.4 Gauss law................................................................................................................................... 174
13.2 IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE TRACES .......................................................................... 174
13.3 CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS SAVED IN THE REGISTRY DATABASE ................................... 175
13.3.1 General configuration parameters ............................................................................................. 175
13.3.2 Help configuration parameters ................................................................................................... 176
13.4 DEFAULT VALUES OF A CONTEXT .................................................................................... 177
13.5 EXTERNAL FILE FOR THE ‘IP GENERATOR’ MODULE .......................................................... 180
13.6 EXTERNAL DLL FOR THE ‘IP GENERATOR’ MODULE .......................................................... 181
13.6.1 TrafficInit..................................................................................................................................... 181
13.6.2 PacketDelay ............................................................................................................................... 181
13.6.3 PacketData ................................................................................................................................. 181
13.7 IP TRAFFIC - TEST & MEASURE FEATURES VERSUS OS, PROTOCOLS AND IP VERSIONS. ..... 182
PART 14 EXAMPLES OF SNIFFED TRAFFIC FILES ..............................................................................183

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 0 Preface

PART 0 Preface

0.1 Organization of this manual

This manual is aimed at helping you to discover and use IP Traffic - Test & Measure. It is
organized as follows:

 Part 1: Product Overview

Describes the key features of the IP Traffic - Test & Measure and Automation Tool for IP
Traffic - Test & Measure.

 Part 2: What's new in IP Traffic - Test & Measure version 2.8

Is a general overview of new features, main improvements provided with IP Traffic - Test &
Measure version 2.8.

 Part 3: Install IP Traffic - Test & Measure

Presents the product requirements, how to install the software downloaded from the Internet or
from the CD-ROM, provides important information to upgrade from previous versions and explains
how to choose the most suitable IP Traffic - Test & Measure package.

 Part 4: How to handle your license?

Describes how to proceed for the license transfer

 Part 5: Uninstall IP Traffic - Test & Measure

Explains how to uninstall the software

 Part 6: Getting Started

New users can use this help as an introduction to IP Traffic - Test & Measure and generate or
receive traffic with the IPv4 protocol in a few clicks.

 Part 7: Run IP Traffic - Test & Measure

Details how to run the software.

 Part 8: IP Traffic - Test & Measure and Windows Firewall

Gives details about the way to configure the Windows firewall to authorize the use of IP Traffic -
Test & Measure.

 Part 9: Graphical User Interface

Presents the IP Traffic - Test & Measure Graphical User’s Interface, i.e. the main rules and
principles of representation and display.

 Part 10: Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

How to use IP Traffic - Test & Measure. This part includes the menu and functionalities
description. It is based on windows and tabs description. Each tab is presented separately.

 Part 11: Calculation Mode for the Statistics

This part describes the rules and methods used to calculate statistics displayed by IP Traffic -
Test & Measure.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 0 Preface

 Part 12: Command Line Parameters

How to use a command line with parameters to start or to stop IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

 Part 13: Appendix

Provides additional information about the mathematical laws used by IP Traffic - Test & Measure,
IP Traffic - Test & Measure traces, configuration parameters saved in the Registry database,
default values of a new context, information on external objects for the ‘IP Generator’ module (file
or DLL).

 Part 14: Examples of sniffed traffic files

Eight sample files (containing IP packets captured with the 'Traffic Sniffer') are provided with IP
Traffic - Test & Measure. These files can be used with the off-line mode of the 'Traffic
Observer'.

0.2 Minimum System Requirements

To appropriately operate IP Traffic - Test & Measure you need the following minimum system
requirements:

 All modern versions of Microsoft Windows are supported - from XP to Windows 8 with 32-bit or
64-bit environment, including Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows
Server 2008, Windows Seven and Windows 8, Windows 10 and Server 2012.
 Pentium processor with 512 MB memory
 1024 x 768 display
 25 MB free hard disk space

0.3 References

[WINSOCK2] « Windows Socket 2 - Application Programming Interface » Revision 2.2.0 - May

10, 1996

[IPV6-XP] [Link]

[RFC2544] “Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices”

[RFC2460] “Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) - Specification”

[RFC2373] “IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture”

[RFC1889] “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Application” explaining the jitter
calculation.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 0 Preface

0.4 Terms used in this document

Interface Generic term used to reference a NIC (LAN adapter), a connected RAS
connection (ISDN, ADSL, Modem) or a tunneling path.

Tooltip A tooltip is a popup window displayed when you move the mouse over a sensitive
area. IP Traffic - Test & Measure displays the tooltip during 5 seconds.

Automation Automation is an add-on scripting tool used to pilot automatically IP Traffic - Test
& Measure.

0.5 Technical Support

ZTI Communications Technical Support can assist you with all your technical problems from
installation to troubleshooting. Before contacting our Technical Support, please read the relevant
sections of the product documentation and the “Read Me First” file.

Before contacting our technical support, make sure you record the following information:
 Product name and version.
 Demo version or licensed product.
 System configuration.
 Problem details: settings, error messages...
 If the problem is persistent, give the details of how to create the problem.

You can contact Technical Support by:

Email Send as many details as possible to support@[Link]

Telephone Telephone support is available from 09:00 am to 06:00 pm (GMT Time +01:00 or
+02:00), Monday to Friday. Call on +33 2 9613 4003

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

PART 1 Overview
1.1 General Description
IP Traffic - Test & Measure is a connection and data generation tool for IP networks. Data flows
use TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol) or ICMP (Internet
Control Message Protocol) protocols, which are used by mailing exchanges, file transfers, ping
programs and World Wide Web transmissions.

Various testing configurations can be implemented using more than two PCs. IP Traffic - Test &
Measure establishes TCP, UDP or ICMP connections between PCs through IP networks.

IP Traffic - Test & Measure is an IP software testing tool using the Microsoft Windows TCP/IP
stack (Winsock2 interface). So, IP Traffic - Test & Measure is independent of any transmission or
telecom link and can use any transmission link managed by the Windows operating system: LAN
(Ethernet, Token-ring, hyperlan...), WLAN, WAN (modem, ISDN, ATM, ADSL, FTTx, satellite
link...), remote access, mobile or cellular networks.
IP IP Traffic – Test & Measure can be used to get high accuracy measurements by using optional
hardware providing a very precise time reference thanks to both the Time Devices synchronized by
GNSS receivers GPS devices or Network Time Servers).

IP Traffic - Test & Measure is composed of four modules: ‘IP Generator’, ‘IP Answering’,
‘Traffic Sniffer’ and ‘Traffic Observer’.

 ‘IP Generator’ is able to generate IP traffic on 16 simultaneous connections.

 ‘IP Answering’ is able to receive IP traffic on 16 simultaneous connections with different
working modes (Absorber, Absorber file, Echoer, Echoer file and Generator).

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

IP Traffic – T&M (local) IP Traffic – T&M (remote)

Up to 16 connections

IP Generator IP Answering

IP Answering IP Generator
Up to 16 connections

Caption Traffic
Echoed traffic

The ‘IP Generator’ and ‘IP Answering’ modules

 ‘Traffic Sniffer’ is able to capture traffic files at the driver level (under the TCP/IP stack) in
order to calculate traffic statistics and to add a timestamp to the IP packets and to put them into
a file. The ‘IP Generator’ module can replay these traffic files.

IP Traffic - Test & Measure: Sniffer mode

IP Traffic - Test & Measure can be used to capture IP traffic with the ‘Traffic Sniffer’: for
example, the IP flows between a mobile and an application server (web, video telephony...) can
be captured and saved in a file. IP packets are time-stamped, to replay IP traffic with the same
timing as for the capture. The user can then use an internal IP Traffic - Test & Measure
algorithm in order to obtain two traffic files (traffic client file and traffic server file). These traffic
files can be used by the IP Traffic - Test & Measure generator as source traffic.

 ‘Traffic Observer’ is a powerful graphic tool to display and visualize traffic statistics of IP
connections. Statistics are displayed in real time [on-line mode] or by using an off-line mode
[user can replay traffic files by using a 'video recorder' mode (play, pause, stop) with index
management].
‘Traffic Observer’ online mode displays real time statistics for the ‘IP Generator’ or the ‘IP
Answering’ modules.
‘Traffic Observer’ offline mode provides QoS statistics as ‘Packet Erasure Rate’ and ‘Packet
Transit Delay’.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

IP Traffic - Test & Measure can be operated with two main modes:
 The normal mode: the user can access all commands and functionalities
 The remote control mode: the user can’t access locally commands of IP Traffic - Test &
Measure. It’s mainly used for control by a remote IP Traffic - Test & Measure system. It’s
very useful for example to use an IP Traffic - Test & Measure system as a server that the
user can operate remotely.

The design of the IP Traffic - Test & Measure man machine interface offers a main window
allowing easy access to all functionalities and commands. Counters and indicators give an
overview of the overall traffic activities.

IP Traffic - Test & Measure main window

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

1.2 Architecture

Web browser IP applications

FTP
IP Traffic
‘Applicative’ point of reference
(used by IP Traffic to calculate
TCP UDP statistics in the generator and
answering modules)
IP
‘Time’ point of reference (sniffer)
(used by the sniffer to timestamp
Drivers IP packets sent and received)
+
access products
Ethernet
Mobile
ISDN Wireless
ATM PSTN Satellite

Two points of reference are used by IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

‘Applicative’ point of reference

In the ‘IP Generator’ and the ‘IP Answering’ modules, statistics (e.g. throughput, RTT...) are
calculated at the application level (above the TCP/IP stack). These statistics refer to data sent or
received by IP Traffic - Test & Measure, and are independent of the protocol (TCP or UDP).

‘Time’ point of reference

The ‘Traffic Sniffer’ uses this point of reference in order to timestamp sent and received IP
packets. Timestamp of packets is made at the nearest of the physical link (under the TCP/IP
stack). Therefore, IP Traffic - Test & Measure can identify lost and retransmitted IP packets.
Values and statistics of the ‘Traffic Observer’ tab use this point of reference.

To get a good accuracy to timestamp IP packets, additional time devices are available as
described in the following paragraph.
When no additional hardware is used the ‘Traffic Sniffer’ uses the PC internal clock to timestamp
sent and received IP packets. Because the PC internal clock can’t provide an absolute time
reference and needs to be synchronized with all the PCs internal clocks used by IP Traffic - Test
& Measure, ZTI Communications recommends an additional time device to allow a precise
calculation of the propagation delays through IP networks.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

1.3 Use a hardware time device to get high precision measurements

Thanks to our hardware add-ons, you are able to get a precise time reference which can be used
to get precise measurements of QoS metrics provided by IP Traffic - Test & Measure. With such
add-ons, you can measure for example the transit delay of IP packets sniffed on the network with
an uncertainty of 1 millisecond maximum depending on the configuration you chose.

 GNSS Device (Timing & Navigation or High Precision Timing)

z050 Timing & Navigation Module: GPS USB Dongle with PPS (Pulse
Per Second usable for timing applications via serial port emulation).
Based on the Trimble technology (Trimble OEM), this sensitive GPS
receiver acquires autonomously GPS satellite signals and quickly
generates reliable position in extremely challenging environments and
even under poor signal conditions. It is recommended to use an outdoor
antenna for best results.

z150 Series: GNSS Multi Receivers Platform for Timing & Navigation
(Static or mobile application) in robust aluminum enclosure.
3 models available:
* Model P200 (GPS): 1 port RS232 + 1PPS-out
* Model P300 (GPS): 1 port RS232 + 1 port USB + 1PPS-out
* Model P400 (GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, COMPASS): 1 port RS232
+ 1 port USB + 1PPS-out
Operating temperature range: -30°C (-22°F) to +85°C (185°F).
Designed to provide an accurate pps (pulse per second) signal to use in
measurement and industrial applications, this GPS/Glonass/Galileo
timing module is designed to be used in indoor or outdoor static
applications, requiring accurate time stamp reference information. It
delivers accurate pps signal, even in very poor signal level
environments (indoor, urban canyons and obscured environments) or
when only 1 satellite is visible and being tracked..

 NTP Time Server

As an example, z250 NTP Time Server has been designed around the
Trimble® BD910 GNSS receiver module, originally for applications
requiring high accuracy from multiple GNSS constellations in a very
small enclosure. Mobile platforms can now embed proven Trimble RTK
technology using a very compact enclosure 108.5 x 84 x 30mm form
factor. z250 supports the L1 frequency from the GPS, GLONASS,
Galileo, and Compass constellations. Customers benefit from the
Ethernet connectivity available from RJ45 connection, allowing high
speed data transfer and configuration via standard web browsers. USB
and RS-232 are directly available from the enclosure..

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

 Time Reference Accuracy vs configuration chosen

Accuracy for
Configuration Absolute Time reference
Measurement
Undefined
IP Traffic – Test & Measure None or user defined.
(PC clock used)
YES, provided by the time device
IP Traffic – Test & Measure + z150 Series unit (Serial synchronized by the GNSS
5 milliseconds
or USB port) chipset (GPS, GLONASS, etc.).
Absolute reference.
YES, provided by the time device
IP Traffic – Test & Measure + z050 (USB GPS dongle) synchronized by GPS. Absolute 1 millisecond
reference.

IP Traffic – Test & Measure + NTP Time Server (e.g. YES, provided by the NTP Time
z250) Server synchronized by GNSS
1 millisecond
chipset (GPS, GLONASS, etc.).
(one unit for multiple PCs running IP Traffic – T&M) Absolute reference.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

1.4 IP Traffic - Test & Measure Key Features

Module 1: ’IP Generator’ Overview
 The ‘IP Generator’ module generates up to 16 simultaneous UDP (Unicast, Multicast or
Broadcast) and/or TCP connections and/or ICMP connections. The connections can be
established following three different testing modes:
 Unitary Mode: you can choose among two type of data generator
Internal data generator: you can select the traffic generator data source and configure
packets size and inter packet delay for each connection. With the ICMP protocol you can
set:
 Request packet number and content: packet generator (fixed, randomized, alternated
and increasing / decreasing).
 Request data size: fixed, randomized, alternated and increasing / decreasing.
 Reply receiving timeout: fixed, randomized, alternated, increasing / decreasing or use of
a mathematical law.
IP Traffic - Test & Measure offers three different data sources:
 Automatic data generator by using mathematical laws(2),
 Packets generator: many parameters can be defined (number of packets to send, inter
packet delay, packet contents, …)
 File: selection of a file to send (2).
External data source generator (2): select a file or an external DLL providing traffic to send
(packet starting time, size, contents, inter packet delay...) and if needed use of a loop
counter with an idle time between each loop.
 Automatic mode (2): use of a mathematical law for connections generation starting time
and another mathematical law for data volume to send, in order to generate up to 16
outgoing IP connections. This mode can not be used with ICMP connections.
 Replay sniffed traffic (2): use of a traffic file previously captured by the Traffic Sniffer and
the ‘IP Generator’ module replays this traffic file with timing accordingly to time capture (IP
resolution addressing is made by the user before replay).
 Statistics: different statistics parameters are displayed by the 'IP Generator' module for each
connection
 Sent throughput (1)
 Received throughput (1)
 Sent packet throughput (1)
 Received packet throughput (1)
 Sent data volume (1)
 Received data volume (volume of data sent by the remote) (1)
 Sent packets
 Received packets (packets sent by the remote)
 Data volume to send (1)
 Remaining volume (of data to send) (1)
 Seq. numb errors (sequence numbering errors)
 Mean RTT (Round Trip Time)
 Min RTT
 Max RTT
 Jitter (1)
(1)
These statistics are not available with ICMP protocol.
(2)
Not available with ICMP.
A RTT summary is also available. This summary shows the minimum, maximum and Mean RTT
values for all connections of the ‘IP Generator’ part. These statistics can be saved in a CSV file
defined by the user.
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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

Module 2: ’IP Answering’ Overview

 The ‘IP Answering’ module receives traffic (up to 16 simultaneous connections), and operates
for each connection following different working modes: ‘Absorber’, ‘Absorber file’, ‘Echoer’,
‘Echoer file’ ‘Generator’ or ‘Disable’.
We will consider hereafter that the local machine is used for generating IP traffic and the
remote one is used for IP answering.

Connection # n
Local IP Generator Remote IP Answering
(Absorber mode)

Connection # m
Remote IP Answering
Local IP Generator
(Absorber File mode)

Connection # p
Remote IP Answering
Local IP Generator
(Generator mode)

Connection # q
Remote IP Answering
Local IP Generator
(Echoer mode)

Connection # r
Remote IP Answering
Local IP Generator (Echoer File mode)

 Statistics: different statistics parameters are displayed by the IP Answering module for each
connection:
 Sent throughput
 Received throughput
 Sent packet throughput
 Received packet throughput
 Sent data volume
 Received data volume (volume of data sent by the remote)
 Sent packets
 Received packets (packets sent by the remote)
 Data volume to send
 Remaining volume (of data to send)
 Seq. numb errors (sequence numbering errors)
 Data not echoed
 Jitter
These statistics can be saved in a CSV file defined by the user.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

Module 3: ’Traffic Sniffer’ Overview

Sent and received IP packets are time-stamped by the ‘Traffic Sniffer’ and then saved in a file to
generate capture traffic files.
The user can define IP filters to capture IP traffic in a file.
From one traffic file captured by the ‘Traffic Sniffer’, an analysis algorithm produces two data files
as shown below (because a traffic file contains IP packets sent and received):

This file has been captured Traffic

by the Traffic Sniffer File

Analysis algorithm

Data Output files Data

File 1 File 2

Then it is possible to use a data file generated in order to replay traffic via the 'IP Generator'
module:

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

Module 4: ’Traffic Observer’ Overview

The ‘Traffic Observer’ online mode displays real time statistics for the ‘IP Generator’ or the ‘IP
Answering’ modules.
The ‘Traffic Observer’ offline mode provides QoS statistics as ‘Packet Erasure Rate’ and ‘Packet
Transit Delay’. But some QoS statistics as the packet Transit Delay need to have time-stamped
packets from the local and the remote systems.
The off-line (batch mode) statistics are obtained using the two traffic files, File A and File B,
produced by the local and remote ‘Traffic Sniffer’ containing the sniffed traffic. Then, the ‘Traffic
Observer’ uses these files in order to calculate off-line statistics.

Below is the list of the statistics provided by the ‘Traffic Observer’:

 In red, the statistics only available with the offline mode

 In green, the statistics available with both modes

 Features available with the on-line mode

 Select ‘IP Generator’ or ‘IP Answering’ display
 Display of statistic parameters in a table for 16 connections:
 IP throughput snapshot
 IP throughput average
 UDP or TCP throughput
 Inter packet delay
Or
Graphic statistics display for the following parameters with triggers defined by user
 IP throughput
 Inter packet delay
The graphic display enables to choose ‘all connections’ or a specific connection (from 1 to 16) and to calculate
in real time the following parameters: average, standard deviation and confidence distance
 Export statistics in a CSV file with filters defined by user
 Reset statistics
 Help window

 Features available with the off-line mode

 Loading of the sniffed traffic files to analyze them and to check their coherency
 User can replay traffic files by using a 'video recorder' mode (play, pause, stop) with index
management (next, add, remove)
 Display of statistic parameters in a table for 16 connections:
 IP throughput snapshot
 IP throughput average
 UDP or TCP throughput

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

 Inter packet delay

 Packet erasure rate
 Packet transit delay
Or
Graphic statistics display for the following parameters with triggers defined by user
 IP throughput
 Inter packet delay
 PER (Packet Erasure Rate) quality
 Packet transit delay
The graphic display enables to choose ‘all connections’ or a specific connection (from 1 to 16) and to calculate
the following parameters: average, standard deviation and confidence distance.
Or
Packet statistics display
For each packet:
 Packet Status: Lost or Sent
 Transit Delay
 Packet transit delay
 IP size
 IP Identification (available for each packet with IPv4 and only on fragment packets
in IPv6)

For each connection (TCP or UDP) and for each side:

 Number of sent packets
 Mean Transit Delay
 Mean Jitter
 Number (and percentage) of lost packets
 Number of TCP packets which have been retransmitted (only for TCP connection)

 Export statistics in a CSV file with filters defined by user (the GPS location is also exported
in this CSV file).
 Reset statistics
 Help window

IP Traffic - Test & Measure performs the RFC 2544 with 2 differences:
1) It doesn't support the automatic recognition of the throughput.
2) Consequently, it doesn't generate the resulting graph for the automatic recognition of the
throughput.

IP Traffic - Test & Measure performs latency calculation for each packet, and then calculates
the average value, where RFC2544 expects the latency calculation for ONE packet in the flow of
120 seconds long (then calculate the average for 20 tests).

The RFC 2544 latency can be calculated using a script that gets 1 value returned from IP Traffic
- Test & Measure for each test of 120 seconds long.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

Multicast feature
IP Traffic - Test & Measure is able to generate and receive Unicast and Multicast IP
traffic (IPv4 and IPv6). The multicast feature is used for UDP protocol only.

 Multicast & IPV4: IPv4 addresses from [Link] to [Link] are

MULTICAST IP addresses. These addresses can be used to generate multicast IP
traffic (define the multicast IP address in the Sender part) or to receive multicast IP
traffic (define the multicast IP address in the Receiver part).
 Multicast & IPv6: IPv6 multicast addresses are defined in "IP Version 6 Addressing
Architecture" [RFC2373].
This defines fixed and variable scope multicast addresses.
IPv6 multicast addresses are distinguished from unicast addresses by the value of the
high-order octet of the addresses: a value of 0xFF (binary 11111111) identifies an
address as a multicast address; any other value identifies an address as a unicast
address (FE80::/10 are Link local addresses, FEC0::/10 are Site Local addresses
where FF00::/8 are Multicast addresses).
Multicast addresses from FF01:: through FF0F:: are reserved.
The complete list of Reserved IPv6 multicast addresses can be found in “IPv6
Multicast Address Assignments” [RFC 2375].
The ICMPv6 messages are used to convey IPv6 Multicast addresses resolution.

Broadcast feature (with IPv4 only)

IP Traffic - Test & Measure is able to generate and receive Broadcast IP traffic (IPv4
only). The broadcast feature is used for UDP protocol only.

 Broadcast & IPV4: IPv4 addresses as [Link] or [Link] are

BROADCAST IP addresses. These addresses can be used to generate broadcast
IP traffic (define the broadcast IP address in the IP Generator part). To receive
broadcast IP traffic, specify the unicast IP address of the IP Generator in the IP
Answering part.

 Broadcast & IPv6: broadcast does not apply to IPv6.

IP version selection

Please note that IP Traffic - Test & Measure supports IPv6 for Windows XP and later versions.
IPv6 is not installed by default under Windows XP and Server 2003: it should be added on the
network interface you want to use.
IP Traffic - Test & Measure supports the IPv6 numerical address format (128 bits long) as well as
canonical addresses. The IPv6 multicast is available with IP Traffic - Test & Measure in
accordance to RFC 2373 where a multicast IPv6 address starts with FF. With IPv6 the maximum
size of the packet to avoid fragmentation is 1440 bytes whereas it is 1460 bytes in TCP with IPv4.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

Interface selection

The interface selection of a LAN card (NIC), a virtual NIC such as an IP tunneling protocol or a
remote access is useful to control the data traffic hardware route.
IP Traffic - Test & Measure is able to generate and receive Unicast, Multicast or Broadcast IP
traffic on a selected interface, giving the user a deeper control where data are exchanged and
makes multiple routes definition easily.

We have noticed that some operating systems may choose automatically the best network
interface to use when several NICs are plugged on the same network when it comes to
network interface selection. In that case, data can be sent on one interface and received on
another one.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 1 Overview

1.5 The Automation Tool for IP Traffic - Test & Measure

The add-on software Automation Tool for IP Traffic - Test & Measure allows to edit scenarios,
carry out scenarios, set the IP Traffic - Test & Measure parameters and pilot IP Traffic - Test &
Measure automatically on the same PC.

A scenario is a succession of commands and instructions.

A command is used to set parameters and/or activate a function of IP Traffic - Test & Measure.
For example the Set and Start connection(s) command helps to set parameters for IP connections
and to start the traffic on these connections. With such command you specify the IP address, port
number, protocol, packet size, inter packet delay, duration, etc. and you start the traffic generation
for these connections.

An instruction is used by the Automation Tool to create an internal process. For example, the Wait
Date/Time instruction suspends the scenario execution up to the specified date and time before to
continue.

By using the Automation Tool for IP Traffic - Test & Measure you can:
 Set automatically the parameters of the IP Traffic - Test & Measure software,
 Start and stop IP connections based on timers,
 Execute the scheduled operations in accordance with your own timing,
 Make repetitive tests operations automatically,
 Simplify the tests reproduction,
 And more…

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 2 What’s new in Version 2.

PART 2 What’s new in Version 2.8

This part is a general overview of new features and main improvements of IP Traffic - Test &
Measure version 2.8. You will find some important information on how to upgrade your software
from previous versions. Details regarding features and corrections included in the different
versions of IP Traffic - Test & Measure can be found in the [Link] file located in the
installation directory (by default: C:\Program Files\IP Traffic).

To upgrade the software from the versions 1.3, 2.0 up 2.7 to the version 2.8, please refer to
paragraphs below.

 IP Traffic - Test & Measure (Version 2.8)

 Add support for Windows 8

 Add support for Windows Server 2012
 Increase performance
 Review the handler for the GNSS devices

The contexts created with versions 2.0 and higher are reused automatically. When saved, they
become the new 2.8 context file format.

 Automation Tool for IP Traffic - Test & Measure (Version 1.8)

 Improve connectivity stability with “IP Traffic – Test & Measure”

 Add support for Windows 8
 Add support for Windows Server 2012

The scenarios created with older versions are reused automatically. When saved, they become
the new 1.7 scenario file format.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 3 Install IP Traffic - Test & Measure

PART 3 Install IP Traffic - Test & Measure

IP Traffic - Test & Measure requires less than 25 MB of free disk-space.

The default settings folder is C:\Program files\IP Traffic.
The Automation Tool for IP Traffic - Test & Measure add-on software is automatically installed
with IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

* To run IP Traffic - Test & Measure your computer screen resolution must be at least
1024 X 768 and the DPI setting should be set up with the “Normal size (96 DPI)” value.
* To install IP Traffic - Test & Measure for Windows XP, Server 2003 or 2008, Vista,
Seven or 8, you must log on with the administrator rights.

We recommend that you shutdown first your anti-virus application before installing IP
Traffic - Test & Measure. Please note that you should mask the task bar in a
1024x768 screen resolution, so you get an optimal view of the software interface.
The installation procedure is a standard installation program for Windows that needs Administrator
rights.

3.1 Forewords before upgrading from version 2.0 and higher

There is no need to uninstall earlier version of IP Traffic - Test & Measure before upgrading to
version 2.8. IP Traffic - Test & Measure version 2.5 has introduced a new protection using the
USB Software Protection Key. But previous users of IP Traffic - Test & Measure can continue
using their Site Key license.
When upgrading from a previous version of IP Traffic - Test & Measure, do not uninstall the
previous version to keep your existing license: please refer to the following paragraph: “3.5.2
Which package should I install?” here after to get more details.

3.2 Forewords before upgrading from versions 1 (including version 1.3)

An upgrade from IP Traffic - Test & Measure versions earlier that version 2.0 needs to uninstall
the current version before upgrading to IP Traffic - Test & Measure version 2.8. Due to changes
in the license scheme introduced with version 2.0, the reinstallation will not keep the unlimited
license information. You should contact ZTI Communications (contact@[Link])
to get back a new unlimited license number when upgrading to version 2.8 with the new site code.
Context files from version 1.3 and earlier are not compatible with the version 2.8. There is no
converter tool to translate versions 1’s context files into version 2.8.

3.3 Run the software installation from the downloaded file

If you have downloaded IP Traffic - Test & Measure trial version from our website, you have
downloaded the “[Link]” file including the software and the related documentation. You must
first unzip this file in a temporary directory.

Then run Setup_IPTrafficBundle.exe from this temporary directory to launch the setup.

3.4 Run the software installation from the CD-ROM

The installation procedure is a standard installation program.

 First, insert the IP Traffic - Test & Measure CD-ROM in your CD-ROM drive.
 Click on “Start”, “Execute” or “Run…” and type
CD unit>: \ Setup_IPTrafficBundle.exe

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 3 Install IP Traffic - Test & Measure

3.5 During the installation

Follow the instructions until reaching the IP Traffic – T&M package selection window.

Install on a 32-bit platform Install on a 64-bit platform

The setup procedure detects and installs automatically the 32-bit or 64-bit version
depending of your target operating system.

3.5.1 IP Traffic - Test & Measure Packages in a few words

To use the IP Traffic - Test & Measure software, there are 3 license schemes:

 Package #1: the IP Traffic - Test & Measure Trial package allows you to use IP
Traffic - Test & Measure during 15 days after the first run. When the trial period
has expired, the license should be purchased.

 Package #2: the IP Traffic - Test & Measure Software Protection Key package
has been designed for users owning a Software License key and for the users of
the previous versions of IP Traffic - Test & Measure. It keeps your current
installation and files, without additional requirement.

 Package #3: the IP Traffic - Test & Measure USB Software Protection Key
package requires a USB key with the IP Traffic - Test & Measure license. The
USB key is provided with IP Traffic - Test & Measure from version 2.5. This
package allows the installation of IP Traffic - Test & Measure on several PCs but
the only PC able to run IP Traffic - Test & Measure is the one having the USB key
plugged in.
As previous users, you may be interested to move to a USB Software Protection Key:
please contact your distributor or ZTI Communications to get more details about the
license migration program (see 4.3 IP Traffic - Test & Measure & USB Software
Protection Key for more details).

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 3 Install IP Traffic - Test & Measure

This software is licensed on a per workstation basis. This means that you need to get a
separate license for each machine you will run it on. The license may be a software key
(for previous users) or the USB Software Protection Key. Each licensed copy of the
software gets a USB Software Protection key (except for customers with Electronic
Software Delivery) that can be moved from one machine to another one.

The USB Software Protection Key contains only the license information.
The software is available on a separate CD-ROM.

3.5.2 Which package should I install?

Depending on your needs, please find here below the package most suitable for you.

 I want to evaluate IP Traffic - Test & Measure V2.8

In that case, choose the Package #1 “IP Traffic - Test & Measure Trial Version”.
You will be able to use IP Traffic - Test & Measure during 15 days only.

 I already use IP Traffic - Test & Measure …

This paragraph is dedicated to the users owning a previous version of IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

… and I want to upgrade and keep my permanent license

In that case, choose the Package #2 “Customers with a Software Protection Key”.
Your installation will be upgraded and your existing permanent license will be kept.

… and I want to upgrade and use the USB Software Protection Key I bought
In that case, choose the Package #3 “Customers with Software Protection using a USB Key”.
Plug the USB Software Protection Key before launching IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

 I just bought IP Traffic - Test & Measure …

This paragraph is related to the users purchasing IP Traffic - Test & Measure V2.8 for running.

… and I chose the Electronic Software Delivery (ESD)

In that case, choose the Package #2 “Customers with a Software Protection Key”.
When you launch the software for the first time, press the “Enter” key when the ZTI
Communications logo appears. Then, get the Site Code and email it to us with your details and
your purchase order reference at contact@[Link].
We will email you back the Site Key enabling your permanent license.
More details about the way to proceed are available in paragraph “4.2.1 Installation of the
Software Protection Key”.

… and I received the CD-ROM & USB Software Protection Key

In that case, choose the Package #3 “Customers with Software Protection using a USB Key”.
Plug the USB Software Protection Key before running IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

… and I will receive the CD-ROM & USB Software Protection Key in a few days
In that case, choose the Package #2 “Customers with a Software Protection Key”.
You will get a fully functional but time-limited Software Protection Key.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 3 Install IP Traffic - Test & Measure

3.6 What has been installed on my computer?

The IP Traffic - Test & Measure installation procedure installs the following files on your hard
disk:
 [Link]: program file
 IP Traffic - Test & Measure User Guide: PDF file (use the free version of Adobe® Acrobat®
Reader® software available on [Link]).
 Aut_IPTraff.exe: program file (Automation tool)
 Automation Tool for IP Traffic - Test & Measure User Guide: PDF file
 IP Traffic license help file (with the Software Protection Key package only)
 Automation scenario samples and other files required by the software
 Samples of sniffed traffic files
 [Link]: program file installed with the USB Software Protection package only
 [Link] : allows running IP Traffic as administrator (for Windows Vista only)
 [Link]: a text file that contains information about the versions and the Registry
parameters.
All files created by IP Traffic - Test & Measure are saved in the folder where
IP Traffic - Test & Measure has been installed.

The installation procedure automatically installs the packet capture driver named ‘[Link]‘ on
your system in the ‘IP Traffic’ installation directory.

Start Menu shortcuts created:

Start > Programs > IP Traffic - Test & Measure

 IP Traffic - Test & Measure (click to launch)

 Automation Tool for IP Traffic - Test & Measure (click to launch)
 Uninstall IP Traffic - Test & Measure (click to launch)
 IP Traffic - Test & Measure User Guide (PDF file)
 Automation Tool for IP Traffic - Test & Measure User Guide (PDF file)
 Read Me First (PDF file)
 License help (Software Protection Key only / Package #2)
 USB Software Protection Key Viewer (Software Protection using a USB
key only / Package #3)

If the RPC mechanism is disabled, a message will ask automatically for the system reboot
at the end of the installation. This is mandatory to allow the dialog between the Automation
Tool and IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 3 Install IP Traffic - Test & Measure

3.7 How to reinstall another package?

If you already have installed one of the IP Traffic - Test & Measure V2.8 packages, click
Setup_IPTrafficBundle.exe and select, in the window below, the new package you want to install.

3.8 How to transfer the software to another computer?

Install the software on the target computer. You don’t need to do any particular operation with the
“Customers with Software Protection using a USB Key” and “IP Traffic - Test & Measure Trial”
packages.
With IP Traffic - Test & Measure & USB Software Protection Key, you do need to plug the USB
key before running the software on the target computer.

With the Package #2 “Customers with a Software Protection Key”, install the software on the target
computer and refer to the paragraph “4.2.2 Software Protection Key Transfers” to know how to
transfer the software license.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 4 How to handle your license?

PART 4 How to handle your license?

4.1 IP Traffic - Test & Measure Trial Version
You don’t require any license to use the trial version of IP Traffic - Test & Measure. After the first
run of IP Traffic - Test & Measure, the IP Traffic - Test & Measure trial version can be used
during 15 days.

4.1.1 IP Traffic - Test & Measure License Information window

When you run IP Traffic - Test & Measure, the information about your trial license is displayed, as
shown below.

You are now able to use IP Traffic - Test & Measure during the next 15 days.

4.1.2 End of the 15-day trial period

Once the trial period is finished, you are not allowed to use IP Traffic - Test & Measure anymore,
as shown below:

When you press the OK button, IP Traffic - Test & Measure will stop running.
To continue to use the software please contact your local distributor or ZTI Communications to get
a permanent license.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 4 How to handle your license?

4.2 IP Traffic - Test & Measure & Software Protection Key

Licensed users of IP Traffic - Test & Measure that are already using the Software Protection Key
should not need to refer to the section 4.2.1. To transfer the owned license to another PC or to
another directory, please go directly to section 4.2.2.

4.2.1 Installation of the Software Protection Key

This software is licensed on a per workstation basis. This means that you will need to get a
separate license for each machine you will install it on. Each licensed copy of the software
installed on a system has a unique Site Code that requires a corresponding unique Site
Key to work. A period of 15-day is automatically enabled at the first installation of the
software. If you try to install the software again, the Software Protection Key will disable the
trial period.

If you want to configure your Software Protection Key before the time-limited period end, press
Enter just after launching the IP Traffic - Test & Measure when the following message is
displayed:

Then, you will see the following license configuration window:

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 4 How to handle your license?

At the end of the trial period when you launch IP Traffic - Test & Measure, the same
license configuration window appears, but saying “Program not authorized” instead of
showing the remaining days of use.

To get the Site Key and obtain a permanent license, please send an email to contact@zti-
[Link] with the following information:
a. The Site Code (you can copy and paste the Site Code displayed in the license
window)
b. The name of the software: IP Traffic - Test & Measure
c. The OS used
d. Your details
e. The purchase order's number and date of purchase
We will then email you the Site Key. You can now close the license's window.

After you have received the email with the Site Key, open the license configuration window again
by pressing the Enter key as explained before. Copy the Site Key in and then click "Validate". After
validation of the Site Key, you will get the following message:

 Important: one Site Code is associated with one Site Key, and only one. A Site Code is
unique for each PC installed. For security reasons, as soon as you validate a Site Key

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 4 How to handle your license?

(trial or unlimited), the Software License program generates a new Site Code
automatically.
 For any question or further information, please contact our technical support:
Email: support@[Link]
Phone:+33 2 9613 4003

When you launch IP Traffic - Test & Measure with a Software Protection Key
related to a permanent license, you will see the following window:

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 4 How to handle your license?

4.2.2 Software Protection Key Transfers

A Software Protection Key transfer is not a duplication of any type. Please contact ZTI
Communications or your authorized distributor for site Software Protection Key information
and for several Software Protection Keys purchase.

Software Protection Keys can be transferred using one of the following methods:

 Direct transfer: move the Software Protection Key to another directory of the same PC or
between two PCs linked to the same network.

 Transfer by media: move the Software Protection Key from a source PC to a target PC by
using a USB key or an external hard disk.

 Direct Transfer: move the Software Protection Key from one local directory to
another
This transfer mechanism must be used to move a Software Protection Key in two cases:
- From a source to a target directory of the same PC
- From a source to a target directory of networked PCs

 First, copy the program (copy the IP Traffic - Test & Measure folder) to the target directory.
For example from “C:\Program Files\IP Traffic” to “C:\Temp\IP Traffic”

 Then run the program from its original directory (from “C:\Program Files\IP Traffic”). When the
Software Protection Key configuration window appears, press Enter and select “License >
Transfer to directory …” in the License menu as shown below:

 Provide the path name of the target program (for example C:\Temp\IP Traffic \[Link])
 The Software Protection Key is now transferred to the new directory.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 4 How to handle your license?

 Transfer by Media (USB key) from a source PC to a target PC

A USB key or an external hard disk is needed for this kind of transfer.

To transfer the Software Protection Key from the source PC (PC #1) to the target PC (PC #2),
proceed as described in the following order:

1) First install the program on the target PC (PC #2).

2) Run the software on PC #2 and kill the time-limited license in order to get an unauthorized
license on this PC.

If the "Transfer in from another computer …" item of the license menu is disabled,
you must kill the time-limited license.

How to kill the Software Protection Key?

When the license configuration window appears, press Enter and select “License > Kill license”
in the license menu.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 4 How to handle your license?

A message box will appear:

Press 'Yes' to kill the license and a confirmation code is displayed:

Click 'OK' and the license configuration window displays now "Program not authorized":

3) Select “License > Transfer in from another computer …” in the License menu:

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 4 How to handle your license?

The "Transfer License In (Step 1 of 3)" window is displayed:

4) Insert a USB key as requested in step 1 of 3 and specify the path.

Then press “Next >”: the "Transfer License In (Step 2 of 3)" window is displayed:

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 4 How to handle your license?

5) Go to the source PC (PC #1) and insert the media (USB key or external hard disk). Then start
the program on PC #1. When the license configuration window appears, press Enter and select
“License > Transfer out to another computer …” as shown below:

The following window is displayed:

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 4 How to handle your license?

Input the media path (USB key) and then press "Next >".

When the license is put on the media, you get the “Program not authorized” message:

You can check that the license is not available anymore on the source PC since the IP
Traffic - Test & Measure software license is on a workstation basis. Contact us to get
information on a Site Software Protection Key (contact@[Link]).

6) Remove the media from PC #1 and return to PC #2.

Click the 'Next' button on the step 2 of 3 of the “Transfer license in” window (on PC #2) to
complete the transfer.
The license is now transferred from the source PC to the target PC, and you get the following
message:

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 4 How to handle your license?

Click Finish to continue.

4.3 IP Traffic - Test & Measure & USB Software Protection Key

The USB Software Protection Key is the most flexible way to transfer your license to any other PC.
Plug it in the computer you want to use IP Traffic - Test & Measure on.

If you are a user of a previous version of IP Traffic - Test & Measure (version 2.4 and under)
change for more flexibility to a USB Software Protection Key by contacting ZTI Communications
Sales Offices (sales@[Link]) and get some information about how to exchange
your software key to a USB Software Protection key.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 5 Uninstall IP Traffic - Test & Measure

PART 5 Uninstall IP Traffic - Test & Measure

The uninstall procedure is a standard uninstall program.

To uninstall IP Traffic - Test & Measure select “Uninstall IP Traffic - Test & Measure” in the “Start
> Programs > IP Traffic - Test & Measure” menu.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 6 Getting Started

PART 6 Getting Started

Anti-virus or firewall applications may disrupt IP Traffic - Test & Measure when sending
or receiving data.
Please set up your security software before using IP Traffic - Test & Measure
(see PART 7 and 0).

New users can use this help as an introduction to IP Traffic - Test & Measure and generate or
receive traffic with the IPv4 protocol in a few clicks.

Just after launching IP Traffic - Test & Measure, the Getting Started Window is displayed:

Press No if you don't want to use this help.

Press Yes, the next window will ask you if you want to use 1 or 2 PCs:

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 6 Getting Started

Depending on your choice to use 1 or 2 PCs, the plan below shows the steps:

Step 1
Use 1 or 2 PCs

PC#1 with « IP Traffic – Test & Measure »

PC#2 with « IP Traffic – Test & Measure »
1 PC with « IP Traffic – Test & Measure »

The traffic is sent and

received on the same PC
Step 2

Set PC#2 using IP Answering Step 2

Set PC#1 using IP Generator

Step 3
Generate Traffic
Step 3
Receive Traffic
Step 3
Generate Traffic

For the use of 1 PC

The following windows are displayed.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 6 Getting Started

Then press the "Start IP Generator and IP Answering" button to continue. The "IP Generator –
Traffic + Statistics" tab of IP Traffic - Test & Measure will display the two first active connections
as shown on the following window:

For the use of 2 PCs

If you select the option: I use two PCs, read the following instructions.
IP Traffic - Test & Measure must be installed on the two PCs.

Press "Next Step >" to continue.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 6 Getting Started

Then choose if you want to generate or receive the traffic on this PC.

If you select "Use the IP Generator" the following window will appear:

Define the IPv4 address and port number to use.

Then press the "Start the IP Generator" button and a warning dialog is displayed:

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 6 Getting Started

Before generating traffic towards PC #2, the PC #2 must be configured as IP Answering.

Press "Next Step >" to continue on PC #2.

After pressing the "Start the IP Answering" button, a warning message will appear:

Press "OK" and the "IP Answering – Parameters + Statistics" tab of IP Traffic - Test & Measure is
displayed on PC #2.

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure PART 6 Getting Started

Then go to PC #1 and start the IP Traffic - Test & Measure IP Generator. The "IP Generator–
Traffic + Statistics" tab of IP Traffic - Test & Measure displays now the two first active
connections.

You have now 2 connections generating traffic from PC #1 to PC #2.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure 0 Run IP Traffic - Test & Measure

PART 7 Run IP Traffic - Test & Measure

Use the Windows start menu:

Start ► All Programs ► IP Traffic - Test & Measure ► Click here.

For Vista and after, you must have the administrator rights to be able to use the DSCP field.
To launch IP Traffic with the administrator rights, right-click on the IP Traffic - Test &
Measure shortcut as shown above and choose “Run as administrator”.

After a few seconds and depending on your license, you will get one of the following license
windows:

15-day Trial Version Software Protection Key Version

USB Software Protection Key Version

If you use a USB Software Protection Key, there is no window!

With some Windows O.S., the window below may appear. This window allows configuring the
Windows Firewall settings for IP Traffic - Test & Measure.
Click on the “Unblock” button to add IP Traffic - Test & Measure into the authorized programs list.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 8 IP Traffic - Test & Measure and Windows Firewall

PART 8 IP Traffic - Test & Measure and Windows Firewall

Anti-virus or firewall applications may disrupt IP Traffic - Test & Measure from sending
or receiving data. Please set up your security software before using IP Traffic - Test &
Measure.

Windows Firewall may also disrupt the IP Traffic - Test & Measure performances. To get
best performances, you should disable Windows Firewall.

To use a NTP Server under Window Vista, the ICMP exchange must be allowed. Please
refer to the paragraph 8.3 “How to authorize ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 traffic under Windows
Vista.”
Some anti-virus configurations can stop IP Traffic - Test & Measure working because of their
security settings. For commercial anti-virus, please refer to the related documentation to authorize
IP Traffic - Test & Measure to work.

8.1 How to authorize TCP and UDP connections under Windows XP

Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003
Windows Firewall on Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 blocks incoming
network connections except for the authorized programs. To allow IP Traffic - Test & Measure
receiving incoming TCP or UDP connections, you must add it in the exceptions list of Windows
Firewall by proceeding as follows:

Step1: Open a command prompt window. You should be logged on an account giving the
administrator rights to be able to modify the firewall configuration.

Step 2: type the command line below and press "Enter".

%> netsh firewall add allowedprogram program="C:\Program Files\IP Traffic\[Link]" name=IP
Traffic - Test & Measure mode=ENABLE scope=ALL profile=ALL

Make sure that "C:\Program Files\IP Traffic\" is the installation directory of IP Traffic - Test &
Measure. A message of confirmation is returned by netsh if the command is succeeded. If the path
you have specified is invalid, netsh returns an error message close to the following message: The
system cannot find the file specified. In that case, please renew Step 2.

Unlike under Windows Vista and after, the firewall allows the incoming echo replies. You
don't need to add a rule to be able to receive ICMPv4/ICMPv6 "echo reply" messages.

This command line allows IGMP protocol used by the IPv4 multicast connections.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 8 IP Traffic - Test & Measure and Windows Firewall

8.2 How to authorize UDP and TCP connections under Windows Vista and
after
Windows Firewall on Windows Vista and after blocks incoming and outgoing network connections
except for the authorized programs. By default, all outgoing connections are allowed. But to
authorize IP Traffic - Test & Measure receiving incoming connections, you must add it in the
exceptions list of Windows Firewall by proceeding as follows:

Step 1: Open a command prompt window with the administrator rights. The administrator rights
are mandatory to set up the firewall configuration. Open the "All Programs / Accessories" folder
and right-click on the "Command Prompt" icon as shown on the figure below and choose "Run as
administrator". A command prompt window is opened.

Step 2: type the command line below and press "Enter".

%> netsh firewall add allowedprogram program="C:\Program Files\IP Traffic\[Link]" name="IP
Traffic - Test & Measure" mode=ENABLE scope=ALL profile=ALL

Make sure that "C:\Program Files\IP Traffic\” is the installation directory of IP Traffic - Test &
Measure. A message of confirmation is returned by netsh if the command is succeeded. If the path
you have specified is invalid, netsh returns an error message close to the following message: The
system cannot find the file specified. In that case, please renew Step 2.

With Windows Vista, the firewall blocks the incoming echo replies. You must add a rule to
be able to receive ICMPv4/ICMPv6 "echo reply" messages. Please refer to the
paragraphs here after.

This command line allows IGMP protocol used by the IPv4 multicast connections.

To use a NTP Server under Window Vista and after, the ICMP exchange must be
allowed. Please refer to the paragraph 8.3 “How to authorize ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 traffic
under Windows Vista.”

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 8 IP Traffic - Test & Measure and Windows Firewall

8.3 How to authorize ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 traffic under Windows Vista and
after
Windows Firewall on Windows Vista blocks incoming ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 "echo reply" messages.
To be able to receive these messages, you must add two new rules by proceeding as follows:

Step 1: Open a command prompt window with the administrator rights. The administrator rights
are mandatory to do the firewall configuration. Open the "All Programs / Accessories" folder and
right-click on the "Command Prompt" icon as shown on the figure below and choose "Run as
administrator". A command prompt window is opened.

Step 2: To create the rule for ICMPv4 echo reply messages, type the command line below and
press "Enter".
%> netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="Echo Reply ICMPv4 (used by IP Traffic - Test & Measure)"
dir=in action=allow profile=any localip=any remoteip=any protocol=icmpv4:0,0 interfacetype=any
A message of confirmation is returned by netsh if the command is succeeded.

Step 3: To create the rule for ICMPv6 echo reply messages, type the command line below and
press "Enter".
%> netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="Echo Reply ICMPv6 (used by IP Traffic - Test & Measure)"
dir=in action=allow profile=any localip=any remoteip=any protocol=icmpv6:129,0 interfacetype=any
A message of confirmation is returned by netsh if the command is succeeded.

ICMP exchanges must be allowed to enable the use of the z300 Time Device.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 9 Graphical User Interface

PART 9 Graphical User Interface

9.1 Main Window
When you launch IP Traffic - Test & Measure, the following window is displayed:

IP Traffic - Test & Measure main window

The IP Traffic - Test & Measure main window is composed of four parts:
1 Menu bar: File, Edit, Configuration, Tools, File downloading, Automation Tool, Help, Operating
mode.
2 Tabs area: this main area displays the five tabs. To see a tab, click on the tab title you want to
display.
3 Time Reference display: this area shows the status of the time device(s) used as Time
Reference by IP Traffic - Test & Measure.
4 Activity display: ‘Activity’ parameter, ‘IP Generator Activity’, ‘IP Answering Activity’ and
‘Sniffer Activity’.
5 General commands: for remote control or local operations.

Menu bar, Time Reference display, activity display and global commands are always visible
whatever the tab displayed.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 9 Graphical User Interface

9.2 Display General Rules of the IP Traffic - Test & Measure GUI
The fields of the IP Traffic - Test & Measure software interface can be filled following four
situations:

 Fields in which you can enter values

All the fields in which you can enter or choose values are recognizable by black writing on white
background color. If an address is not valid, the red color is displayed instead of black.
 Statistics fields
Statistics fields are automatically filled in. They are identifiable by blue writing on white background
color. You can only configure the refresh time of statistics display or reset statistics display by
pressing the “Reset Display” buttons.
When a statistic value cannot be computed, “N/A” for Not Applicable is displayed in the field.

 Fields generated further to user action and displayed as information use only
These fields are filled automatically by IP Traffic - Test & Measure further to use enter or
parameters selection. They are displayed as reminder and will be modified by another user action.
These fields are recognizable by black writing on gray background.
 Fields turned out of reach further to user action
User actions and parameters selection may turn some IP Traffic - Test & Measure GUI fields and
action buttons out of reach. Usually all the out of reach fields are grayed.
Fields can become out of reach in several cases, for example:
- As soon as a connection is running, it is impossible to change its parameters. You must stop
the connection in order to change the parameters of the connection.
- When a testing mode (unitary or automatic) is selected, it is impossible to change parameters
of the unselected testing mode.
If you enter a non valid value in a field, the connection could be disabled or actions button in the
configuration’s window could become out of reach.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 9 Graphical User Interface

9.3 Used Units in Information Display

All information used by IP Traffic - Test & Measure is displayed with its unit and unit is changing
in order to limit figure size.
9.3.1 Volume units
Display Meaning
10 B 10 Bytes
1 KB 1 Kilo Bytes (1024 bytes)
1 MB 1 Mega Bytes (1048576 bytes)
1 GB 1 Giga Bytes (1073741824 bytes)
1 TB 1 Tera Bytes (1099511627776 bytes)
1.23^65 1.23 x 10^65 Bytes
1p 1 packet
9.3.2 Throughput units
Display Meaning
10 b/s 10 bits per second
1 Kb/s 1 Kilo bits per second (1024 b/s)
1 Mb/s 1 Mega bits per second (1048576 b/s)
1 Gb/s 1 Giga bits per second (1073741824 b/s)
1 Tb/s 1 Tera bits per second (1099511627776 b/s)
1.23^65 1.23 x 10^65 bits per second
1 p/s Packet per second

Throughput computing
The IP Traffic - Test & Measure displayed throughputs correspond to payload data on
the sampling period (defined in the IP Traffic - Test & Measure configuration menu) and
bring back to a bits/second number. The displayed throughput is an “application”
throughput. At some instant, it could be different from the physical network throughput
because data can be split and buffered at various system levels.
9.3.3 Duration units
Display Meaning
31ms 31 milliseconds
1s 1 second
1mn32s 1 minute 32 seconds
1h24mn 1 hour 24 minutes
>24h Time superior to 24 hours

Unit changing
To change, a volume value in KB to a volume value in MB, IP Traffic - Test & Measure
divides the first value per 1024. Ex: 1000 KB = 0.98 MB. The same rule is applied with
throughput values. In order to have a throughput in Mb/s coming from a throughput in
Kb/s, IP Traffic - Test & Measure divides the first value per 1024. Ex: 2048 Kb/s = 2.00
Mb/s.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

10.1 Main steps
The main steps to use IP Traffic - Test & Measure are:
 To send data:
1. In Tab 1 ‘IP Generator – Parameters’:
Configure IP Generator parameters (IP address or Host Name, port number, and protocol),
Select and configure testing mode,
2. In Tab 2 ‘IP Generator – Traffic + Statistics’:
Run connections,
3. Results: see and exploit statistics in the ‘Traffic Observer’ tab.
 To receive data:
1. In Tab 3 ‘IP Answering - Parameters + Statistics’
Configure IP Answering parameters (connected remote, working mode),
2. In Tab 3 ‘IP Answering - Parameters + Statistics’:
Start receiving connections,
3. Results: see and exploit statistics in the “Traffic Observer” tab.

About the context file

In order to avoid entering again all parameters for a new testing session, or to create again
mathematical laws, all IP Traffic - Test & Measure parameters can be saved in a context
file (see File menu description below).
So, if you want to repeat a test session with the same parameters later, do not forget to
save the current parameters in a context file before changing any parameter.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

10.2 Menu description

The menu’s bar is made of 8 items:

10.2.1 File Menu

 File/New
This command opens a new default context in IP Traffic - Test & Measure. Before opening a new
default context, running connections must be stopped. The default values of a new context are
presented in PART 13 Appendix.

 File/Open
“Open” command allows reading a context file (.ctx file), which contains a previously saved
configuration. Before opening a context, running connections must be stopped.

Note:
Context file contains configuration parameters and a copy of the laws defined by the user.
Reading of a context file will delete currently used laws and replace them by the laws saved in
the context file.

 File/Save
“Save” option allows saving the entire configuration parameters and parameters of the laws
defined in the opened context file.

 File/Save as
This option allows saving all the configuration parameters and the parameters of the laws defined
in a context file (.ctx file), which name is requested in a standard enter dialog box.

 File/Recent Contexts
This option allows charging the 4 most recent used context files (.ctx file).

 File/Exit
This command stops IP Traffic - Test & Measure. To stop IP Traffic - Test & Measure, all active
connections (‘IP Generator’ and ‘IP Answering’) shall be stopped. A message box will ask you to
save or not changes made to parameters in a context file.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

10.2.2 Edit menu

Active tab: “IP Generator – Parameters” Active tab: “IP Answering – Parameters +
Statistics”

 Edit/Destination Parameters: IP Address or Host Name (for IP Generator)

One option is available:

By selecting this item, the 'IP Address' field from connection #01 is copied out for all connections
from #02 to #16.

 Edit/Destination Parameters: Protocol (for IP Generator)

Two options are available:

By selecting one option, the 'Protocol' field for the connections #01 to #16 is set to TCP or UDP.

 Edit/Destination Parameters: Port (for IP Generator)

Four options are available:

With this menu, you can:

 Set the port number increasingly or decreasingly for all UDP connections, based on the port
number of the first UDP connection.
 Set the port number increasingly or decreasingly for all connections, based on the port
number of the first connection without taking considering the protocol in use.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

 Edit/Listening To: Port (for IP Answering)

Four options are available:

With this menu, you can:

 Set the port number increasingly or decreasingly for all UDP connections, based on the port
number of the first UDP connection.
 Set the port number increasingly or decreasingly for all connections, based on the port
number of the first connection without taking considering the protocol in use.

 Edit/Listening To: Protocol (for IP Answering)

Two options are available:

By selecting one option, the 'Protocol' field for the connections #01 to #16 is set to TCP or UDP.

 Edit/Coming From: Remote IP Address or Host Name (for IP Answering)

One option is available:

By selecting this item, the IP Address field from connection #01 is copied out for all connections
from #02 to #16.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

10.2.3 Configuration menu

 Microsoft Windows TCP Stack Parameters

The "Stack Parameters" window is not available under Windows Vista. The TCP Window
Size and the selective acknowledge are automatically handled by the operating system.
IP Traffic - Test & Measure uses the Microsoft TCP/IP stack via the Winsock2 interface (or API).
This interface enables modifying some parameters of the Microsoft TCP/IP stack. IP Traffic - Test
& Measure enables modifying the TCP Receive Window size and enables the TCP Selective
Acknowledgements. When the Stack Parameters command is selected, the following window is
opened:

Microsoft Windows TCP stack parameters window

The TCP Receive Window Size value must be included between 1,024 and 1,073,741,823
bytes.
The “OK” button allows saving changes made to the TCP/IP stack Parameters. If some changes
have been made, you must restart your PC.
Important: these values are saved in the Registry and influence all applications
using the TCP/IP stack.
The path to these parameters on the registry with Windows XP or Server 2003 is:
Key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\TCPIP\Parameters
Values: TcpWindowSize & Tcp1323Opts & SackOpts.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

 General parameters
This command allows configuring parameters applied to graphical display, timeouts for echoed
connections and the size of buffers used by IP Traffic - Test & Measure. When selected, the
following window is pop up:

General parameters window

Parameters applying to the GUI display
Refresh time: the value entered in this field configures the display refresh time for all statistics
displayed in IP Traffic - Test & Measure.
Throughput sampling period: the value entered in this field is used to compute the throughput for
the statistics display.

Parameters applying to echoed connections

Timeout for TCP packets echoed (ms): value entered in milliseconds. This field is used for echoed
TCP connections. When the connection is stopping, IP Traffic - Test & Measure continues TCP
data acquisition during a time defined by this timeout except if this value equals zero.
Timeout for UDP packets echoed (ms): value entered in milliseconds. This field is used for echoed
UDP connections. When the connection is stopping, IP Traffic - Test & Measure continues UDP
data acquisition during a time defined by this timeout except if this value equals zero.
Parameters applying to the data buffer size
Receive buffer size: this value is saved in the current context only and is used when receiving data
from the Microsoft Winsock2 interface.
Transmit buffer size: this value is saved in the current context only and is used when sending data
to the Microsoft Winsock2 interface.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

 File Operating Modes

This command allows selecting the file operation mode for every file generated by IP Traffic - Test
& Measure except for the context file. When selected, the following window is displayed:

File Operating Modes window

Overwrite
If you choose this mode, each time you start a statistics export process or the traffic capture, IP
Traffic overwrites the file you have defined if it exists.

Rename
By choosing this mode, IP Traffic adds a suffix to the file name, if the file still exists. The suffix
follows the format: mmddyyyy_hhmmss

Example: For a file name IPGenerator_Statistics, the resulting file name generated by IP
Traffic will be IPGenerator_Statistics_01242004_193020.

 AutoComplete
The AutoComplete option is a help mechanism to input values for the user. It lists possible entries
that match user entries typed before. The AutoComplete mechanism with IP Traffic - Test &
Measure is available for IP address entries in the “IP Generator – Parameters” and “IP Answering
– Parameters + Statistics” tabs.

There are 5 different historical records:

 Historical record for IP address entry in the IP Generator tab,
 Historical record for IP address entry in the IP Answering tab
 Historical record for IP address in the File Downloading dialog box.
 Historical record for IP address on the Remote Control panel
 Historical record for IP address entry in user-defined filter edition window on the Traffic Sniffer
tab.

The AutoComplete parameters dialog is used to enable/disable and to clear all historical records.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

Up to 30 entries can be kept in the historical record. When a 31st entry is typed, the 1st entry is
deleted: the historical record is handled like a FIFO list.
The Clear History button removes user entries from historical records leaving two predefined
entries:
 NO_ADDRESS: this is the default IP Address of the Traffic Generator - a void address,
used to disable the connection.
 ANY_ADDRESS: this is the default IP Address of the Answering, used to accept any
incoming connection.
When AutoComplete is disabled, the historical record doesn’t continue to be filled. User entries
available - before AutoComplete deactivation - remain when AutoComplete is activated again.
Note: the historical record is associated to the IP Traffic - Test & Measure session. For
confidential reasons, the historical record is not kept between sessions and is lost at the end of the
IP Traffic - Test & Measure session.

Note: The IP address entries contained in a context are automatically added to the historical record
when loading it

 Disable the 'Traffic Observer' tabs to increase performances

This item allows disabling the 'Traffic Observer' tab in order to free processors and memory
resources for traffic generation on slow computers.
When this option is selected, IP level statistics (and graphics) are not available any more.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

10.2.4 Time Reference menu

 Time Reference, what for? …

This command opens a window showing a short presentation of the different time devices that can
be used with IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

 Choose the Time Device type to use

Thanks to this menu, you can select the Time Device you want to use. Select “None” (no time
device used) or one of the Time Device Reference. Get more details on those Time Devices at
paragraph “1.3 Use a hardware time device to get high precision measurements”.

 Time Device parameters

GNSS Receiver
This command allows configuring parameters applying to the GNSS Receiver connected to the PC
via a serial link.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

This window is divided into four sections:

 Communication port for the GNSS Receiver: to select the GNSS Receiver communication port
otherwise select “no GPS”.

 GNSS Receiver legend in the main window: colored icons giving information on the state of the
GNSS Receiver (see the colored light on the lower left of the IP Traffic - Test & Measure main
window)

 Green color: the GNSS Receiver provides synchronization and position information (3D).
For this status, the GPS system is synchronized with at least three satellites.

 Red color: no information is available from the GNSS Receiver: either the time device is not
operational (no time device plugged or no power by example), or there is not enough
satellites seen by the GPS to get precise timing information and position. In this case,
change the position of the antenna of the GNSS Receiver and wait for a few minutes to see
the result.

 Information from GNSS Receiver:

 Satellite information: for each satellite recognized by the GPS, the satellite number and the
signal level are displayed.

In this example, 8 satellites are displayed, and only the

satellites number 10, 13 and 2 have a significant level.
Satellite information
XX means that the satellite XX is used for computation.
[XX] means that the satellite XX is not used for
computation (time and localization).
Signal strength information (in dBm)
[Link] indicates the signal level
-.-- means that the signal level is not too low

 Time: time provided by the GPS system (GMT time).

 GPS position: 3D reference (latitude, longitude and altitude).

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

 When GPS position is available: the GPS position (latitude, longitude and altitude) can be
added to data packets at a user-defined rate. IP Traffic - Test & Measure, stores this additional
information in a specific record of the Traffic sniffed file and it is not included in the data
packets. By saving the GPS position, IP Traffic is able to provide the location of the computers
when they receive or send packets. (see Statistics Display = Packet Statistics).

In the “GPS parameters” window, a Help button gives information about ‘How GPS works’ and how
to use it.

Example of GPS parameters window (obtained in Lannion, FRANCE)

In this example, three satellites have a high signal level, and the GPS position is available.

When loading a context having the GNSS Receiver enabled, IP Traffic

checks each COM Port to find the GPS unit.

Moreover, if a GNSS Receiver is already active when loading a context

having the GNSS Receiver enabled, IP Traffic doesn’t resynchronize itself
with the GPS unit.
NTP Time Server
This command allows configuring parameters applying to the NTP Time Server connected to the
PC through the network.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

This window is made of four parts.

 NTP Time Server Status

At the top of this window, you can follow the synchronization status. Three statuses exist:
- No Synchronization running
- Synchronizing
- Synchronized
When IP Traffic - Test & Measure is synchronized, you get the uncertainty value. In the other
cases, the uncertainty value is N/A (Not Applicable).

This part explains also the legend shown in the main window. If the red light is on, there is no NTP
Time server available or the synchronization is pending. If the green light is on, IP Traffic - Test &
Measure is synchronized with the NTP Time Server.

 General Parameters tab

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The General Parameters tab allows specifying the IP Address of the NTP Time Server plugged on
the network. By clicking on the button “Connect to the NTP Time Server”, you activate the dialog
with the NTP Time Server. In that case, the status presented in the last paragraph changes from
“No Synchronization running” to “Synchronizing”. Moreover, since the dialog is initiated, you can
access to the other tabs, “Information Messages” and “Advanced”.

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 Information Messages tab

This tab shows the important messages related to the dialog between the NTP Time Server and IP
Traffic - Test & Measure.

By using the “Clear Logs” button, you can delete all previous messages. By using the “Save Logs”
button, you can save into a file all the current messages displayed in the list box.

 Advanced tab
The “Advanced” tab allows having the access to embedded HTML interface of the NTP Time
Server (zx00 NTP Server only). This interface allows the parameters configuration and gives
information about the satellite visibility, the GPS status …

By clicking on the “Embedded Administration Interface”, a browser window is opened asking for a
login and password. To be able to access to the interface, enter the following information:
Login: user
Password: heol

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Once you click on the OK button, you have access to the HTML interface. Please refer to the z300
documentation to get more details on the way to configure it.

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10.2.5 Utilities menu

 File downloading
This command allows downloading a file from one IP Traffic - Test & Measure machine to another
one. In order to avoid confusion, “Local” and “Remote” terms are used to indicate the machines for
this command.
File Downloading is mainly used when a receiving connection is operating in Absorber File working
mode. It is aimed at repatriating the absorbed file from IP Answering to IP Generator, as shown in
the following scheme (any file from the remote machine can be downloaded).

Example of File downloading in File absorber receiving working mode environment

[1] The Remote ‘IP Answering’ stocks received data in a file.

[2] The user of the Local ‘IP Generator’ machine can get the file back by using the File
downloading function.
Example of File Downloading usage:
File Downloading may be used when a receiving connection at the Remote side is operating in
Absorber File working mode. It is aimed at repatriating the absorbed file from the ‘IP Answering’
part to compare it to the file sent by the ‘IP Generator’ part, as shown below.
The Remote ‘IP Answering’ is configured in the Absorber file Mode, for TCP connection.
The Local ‘IP Generator’ establishes a TCP connection and sends data from a file.
When the connection is finished, the ‘IP Generator’ uses the File downloading function to get
received data from the Remote ‘IP Answering’. The user of Local ‘IP Generator’ can check if data
transfer was successful.
Process a file downloading

When clicking on the file downloading command, the following window appears:

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2
3
4
5

File downloading window

To process a file transfer, do the following steps:
On local and remote machines:
[1] Configure port number – Port number must be the same for local and remote machines.
On local machine:
[2] Give the name and path of the remote file to download. To be downloaded, file must not be
read or enriched on the remote machine at the same time.
[3] Give the IP address of the remote machine from which file is downloaded. Can be an IPv4 or
an IPv6 address.
[4] Give local name of the destination file.
[5] If necessary, the remote file can be deleted after the downloading
[6] Press the “Start” button to begin file downloading from remote machine.
“OK” button allows saving the entered parameters and closes the window.
Note:
When the “Start” button is pushed, it is impossible to press OK or to close the window. You should
press “Stop” or wait the end of file transfer operation.
On the remote machine, the following message box will warn that a file downloading is in progress:

Warning message displayed on the remote machine from which file is downloaded

 Remote IP address is the IP address or host name of the machine from which you want to
download the file. Can be an IPv4 or an IPv6 address.
 Port number is the port number for the file downloading process (it must be the same for
remote and local machines).

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 Local filename downloaded by remote is the name of the downloaded file.

 Data volume to send is the total volume of the file to download.
 Data remaining volume is the volume still to send.
During a file transfer, you will not be allowed to close the application on the Remote machine.

File downloading is working as follows:

- The Local requests the file that is sent by the Remote machine.
- The Local establishes the connection.
- When the Remote receives the connection demand, it stops all of its running processes.
- The Remote accepts the connection and waits for the filename (with a timeout - default 10 s.
This value can be customized. For more information, see the parameter TCP_INACTIVITY at
13.3 Configuration parameters saved in the Registry database).
- When connected, the Local sends the filename.
- When the Remote receives the filename, it checks if the file exists and sends the size (0
means no file or file access error) and data.
- When the Local wants to stop the reception of the file, it disconnects.
- When the Remote has sent the file, it waits for an ACK (with a timeout – 5 s. by default).
- When the reception of the file is complete, the Local sends an ACK.
- When the Remote receives an ACK, it waits for the deletion order
- If the Local receives the whole file, it sends the deletion order (the order can be: “delete” or
“do not delete” the file).
- If the file should not be deleted:
- When the Remote receives the deletion order, it disconnects (no more operation to do).
- If the file should be deleted:
- When the Remote receives the deletion order, it deletes the file and sends back the
result of the deletion (succeeded or not). Then, it disconnects.
- When the Remote receives an expiration of the Timeout, it disconnects.

 Convert Sniffed Traffic File to Ethereal Format file

This tool allows converting the Sniffed Traffic files by IP Traffic - Test & Measure format to
Ethereal standard format. By realizing this operation, the result file (dmp) can be opened by a
Network Analyzer software such as Ethereal or Network Instruments Observer. This tool can
convert capture traffic files containing IPv4 and IPv6 packets.

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10.2.6 Automation Tool menu

 Automation Tool, what for?…

This command opens a window showing a short presentation of the Automation Tool for IP
Traffic - Test & Measure.

 Open Automation Tool

The Open command launches the Automation Tool for IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

 Close Automation Tool

The Close command stops the Automation Tool for IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

 Bring to the top Automation Tool

The Bring to the top command displays the Automation Tool for IP Traffic - Test & Measure on
the top of other windows.

10.2.7 Help Menu

 Help
Help command displays help on IP Traffic - Test & Measure. Pressing the F1 key can also
activate help. To display the IP Traffic - Test & Measure Help, Acrobat Reader should be
installed. If Acrobat reader is not installed, a warning message is displayed.

You can download the latest version from [Link] or use the version of Acrobat
Reader provided with the “IP Traffic – Test & Measure» CD ROM.

IP Traffic - Test & Measure doesn’t support other PDF readers than Acrobat Reader.

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 Forewarnings menu

This menu is aimed to inform you of IP Traffic - Test & Measure special behaviors due to system
limits.
IP Traffic - Test & Measure leans on Microsoft Winsock 2 Interface to generate and receive TCP
or UDP traffic. Therefore, IP Traffic - Test & Measure behavior, as any Winsock 2 application, is
dependent on Winsock 2 Interface, Microsoft TCP Stack and operating system working modes.

Inter packets Delay

When defining Inter packet delay, the user must consider that minimum resolution handled by IP
Traffic - Test & Measure is related to timer resolution of operating system. This timer resolution
varies according to the used operating system and PC. Usually, timer resolution is 10 or 15 ms.

UDP connections
When several UDP connections are running and according to traffic level and system loading, IP
Traffic - Test & Measure can have strange behavior due to TCP stack limits and working mode.

 Packet losses
UDP connection from Local IP Generator to Remote IP Answering - the working mode of the
Remote IP Answering is absorber.

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IP Generator IP Answering (Absorber mode)

UDP connection
n sent packets m received packets

n≥m

UDP connection
n sent packets m received packets
IP Generator IP Answering (echoer mode)
q received packets (echoed) p sent packets (echoed)

n≥m
q≤p
m=p

UDP connection from Local IP Generator to Remote IP Answering - the working mode of the
Remote IP Answering is echoer.

In this case, the number of received packets (m) will be equal to the number of echoed packet (p)
in the 'IP Answering' part. Nevertheless, the number of received packets (q) in the 'IP Generator'
part could be inferior to the number of packets (p) sent by the Remote 'IP Answering' in echoer
mode.

 UDP connection distribution

When several UDP connections are running together, the TCP/IP stack may be favor echoed
connections.
Throughput of some connections working in the 'IP Answering' absorber mode may decrease to
zero for a variable time.

 UDP total throughput

IP Generator total instant throughput could indicates at some instant a higher throughput than the
face value of physical link throughput.
When these situations occur, it can be limited by regulating connections throughput according to
the face value of physical link throughput. To regulate throughput, reduce packets size or increase
inter packets delay of connections. Other mean to curb these limits is to configure buffer size in
“configuration-Microsoft Windows TCP stack” menu or to tune the Microsoft TCP stack.

 Help/Getting Started (IPv4)

The “Getting Started (IPv4)” command displays the Getting Started procedure.

 About IP Traffic - Test & Measure…

“About” command displays the version number and the copyright of IP Traffic - Test & Measure
and ZTI Communications contact information.

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10.2.8 Operating mode menu

 Local mode
By selecting this mode, all IP Traffic - Test & Measure functionalities and commands are
available.

 Remote control mode

The “Remote” item is enabled only if you have previously filled in the port number in the
“Remote control of an «IP Traffic – Test & Measure» system” (for example, 2600 in the
example below). Therefore, this system will wait an incoming TCP connection on this port in order
to operate under control of a remote system. A port is opened with IPv4 and another port with IPv6.

When the remote control mode is selected, a message is displayed at the bottom of the IP Traffic -
Test & Measure main window as described below, and all button commands and tabs are
inhibited.

The “Traffic Observer” tab is displayed and you can see the connections activity if any.
To quit this mode, select the item menu “Normal” of the Operating mode menu. A message is then
displayed. Press OK to return in normal operating mode.
A remote IP Traffic - Test & Measure system can operate with another IP Traffic - Test &
Measure system in remote control mode by using commands at the bottom of the IP Traffic - Test
& Measure main window (left part):

First, you define the remote context file to load on the remote IP Traffic - Test & Measure
machine, and define the remote IP address or host name (IPv4 or IPv6) and the port number.
Note: the remote IP Traffic - Test & Measure machine must be set before in the ‘Remote’ mode
(by using the ‘Remote’ item of the ‘Operating mode’ menu).

When the “Run all processes” button is pressed, a TCP connection is established with the remote
system in order to supervise the link between the two systems. Then the context filename
previously defined is sent to the remote. The remote system loads this file context and then
executes the “Run all processes”. This specific TCP connection between local and remote is
stopped when you press the “Stop” button of the ‘Remote operations” on the local system.

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10.3 Main window: the five tabs

Tabs general presentation:
IP Traffic - Test & Measure presents five tabs:

IP Traffic - Test & Measure tabs titles

 The first two tabs are related to the ‘IP Generator’ module. They are named “IP Generator -
Parameters” and “IP Generator - Traffic + Statistics”.
 The third one is related to the 'IP Answering' module, it is named “IP Answering - Parameters
+ Statistics”.
For the first three tabs related to the ‘IP Generator’ and ‘IP Answering’ modules, each one of
the 16 connections is represented by one line (from “connection #01” to “connection #16”).
Columns represent parameters or status of connections and statistics.
 The fourth tab concerns the management of the Sniffer allowing IP traffic capture: the “Traffic
Sniffer”.
 The fifth tab is named “Traffic Observer”: all statistics and graphs are displayed in this tab with
many user commands and parameters.
Each tab is composed of several areas. For each tab, we will present in this guide each area
separately.

10.4 Main window: the Time Reference display and the activity display
IP Traffic - Test & Measure displays four information areas:

 The left area contains two kind of indicators:

- Time Reference status with the uncertainty value:
No Time Device and z100, z200 or z300 z100 or z200 + zClock only
no zClock used Time Device used zClock

You can click on the When zClock is coupled

button to reach the with a z100 or z200 Time
configuration window. Device, the uncertainty is
not displayed.
The colored light (green or red) gives the status of the device (Time Device or zClock). If
green, zClock or the Time device is present and operational otherwise you get the red light.
- The Activity counter expressed in % indicating the general O.S. activity. Under Windows
Vista, the Activity counter is available only when IP Traffic - Test & Measure is launched
with administrator rights. In the other case, the value N/A is displayed.
 IP Generator Activity with the total number of active connections and the total throughput for
these connections. This throughput shows Rx and Tx activities for the IP Generator part.
 IP Answering Activity with the total number of active connections and the total throughput for
these connections. This throughput shows Rx and Tx activities for the IP Answering part.
 Sniffer Activity to indicate the current Sniffer activity (saving files) with the current total file
size already saved on disk and time available before disk limit.
Statistics display refresh time, and sampling period to compute throughputs are configured in
Configuration / General Parameters menu.

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10.5 Main window: the general commands

IP Traffic - Test & Measure offers two command blocks at the bottom of the main window:
 On the left: commands for Remote control of an IP Traffic - Test & Measure system

For remote control, you must first specify the following parameters:
 Remote file context: filename of the IP Traffic - Test & Measure context to load located on
the remote
 The remote IP address or host name (IPv4 or IPv6)
 The associated Port number
Then you control the remote IP Traffic - Test & Measure system with these commands:
 Run all processes: the ‘IP Generator’ and ‘IP Answering’ modules of the remote system
are started. Moreover, if the option is selected, this button can handle the Traffic Sniffer and
the statistics export process of the Traffic Observer.
 Stop: the ‘IP Generator’ and ‘IP Answering’ modules of the remote system are stopped.
Note:
The previous commands are used to control a remote IP Traffic - Test & Measure system.
The remote system must be switched before in ‘Remote control mode’ by using the “Operating
mode” menu (and you must specify on this remote system the same port number as the one
defined previously for the local system).
 On the right: Local Operation

The user can launch four main functionalities independently: IP Traffic Generator (“Run All
Connections’), IP Answering (“Start receiving traffic”), Traffic Sniffer (“Start”) and Export
statistics of the Traffic Observer tab (“Start”). For the Traffic Sniffer and the Traffic Observer
tabs, read the note below.
The command button “Start All Local Processes” is used to activate simultaneously these
functions. The command button “Stop All Local Processes Stop” stops all active functions.
Note:
User must first define if the start commands for the ‘Traffic Sniffer’ and the export of statistics in
the ‘Traffic Observer’ tab are included in the “Run all processes” command. See the check
boxes in the ‘Traffic Sniffer’ (Enable automatic start and stop in local operation) in the
paragraph 10.9.2 Capture sniffed traffic into a file and in the parameters button of ‘Export
statistics’ in the ‘Traffic Observer’ (Enable automatic export in local operation) in the paragraph
10.10 The ‘Traffic Observer’ tab.

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10.6 The ‘IP Generator – Parameters’ tab

The ‘IP Generator’ module is composed of two tabs:
 IP Generator – Parameters tab: to configure connections and testing mode.
 IP Generator – Traffic + statistics tab: to command traffic generation and visualize traffic
statistics.
The “IP Generator – Parameters” tab is described in this chapter. The “IP Generator – Traffic +
statistics” tab is explained in the next chapter.
The ‘IP Generator’ module handles up to 16 simultaneous connections and traffic can be
generated following three exclusive testing modes:
 Unitary mode
 Automatic mode
 Replay sniffed traffic

The “IP Generator – Parameters” tab allows:

 Entering the destination parameters (IP address, port number, protocol) for each connection.
 Selecting files in which to save the received data when connections are working in echoer or
Generator mode on the remote IP Answering part.
 Selecting and configuring the testing mode: Unitary, Automatic or Replay.
These actions are represented by the “IP Generator-Parameters” tab in 4 distinct areas and
detailed below.

IP Generator – Parameters tab

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10.6.1 Destination Parameters

Located at the left part of the tab, this area allows configuring the destination parameters of each
sending connection. You can enter the following information:
Network interface selection and The black arrow has two purposes:
IP version  To display a summary of the connection’s parameters.
 To select the network interface, the IP version, the IP
source address or the source port for a connection.
IP address or Host Name IP address should be entered following the numerical writing
of IP address (i.e. [Link]) or using the canonical
format (e.g. an URL).
The default IP address is NO_ADDRESS ([Link] for IPv4).
Once the value entered, verification of the syntax or address
resolution is made and the field becomes red if the value is
invalid.
Protocol TCP, UDP or ICMP protocol (default = TCP protocol).

Port* The port number is limited to 65,535.

By default, the port number is 2009.
* Not available with ICMP connections

 Summary of connection parameters

When you move the mouse over the black arrow, a popup window - called a tooltip – is displayed.

The tooltip for the IP Generator connection includes 5 items:

 The first item is the connection number the tooltip refers to.
 The next item is the IP address or host name defined by the user.
 The next item is the IP address translated when IP Translation address has succeeded
(e.g. the address is neither NO_ADDRESS nor [Link]).
 The next item is the IP version currently selected.
 The last item is the interface’s name selected. The name displayed is the name of the
connection presented in the “Settings/Network and Dial-up Connections” Start menu of the
operating system (Default is “Interface chosen by the system”).

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 Select the network interface, source IP address and source port number

When you click on the black triangle, a window is displayed:

Network interface, IP version and IP source address for a Sender connection

(1) The network interface selection is optional with IPv4. It is used to constrain connections to
be established using a specific interface.
 By default:
 The IP version is automatically selected by IP Traffic - Test & Measure regarding
the destination address or host name specified on the “IP Generator - Parameters”
tab (see below).
 The IP stack resolves the interface selection to send packets to the remote.
The IP stack uses the destination IP address to select the correct interface. The IP
address and the netmask related to each interface are checked against the remote
IP address to reach. When an interface that matches the remote IP address is
found, it is used. To understand how the IP stack selects the interface, you may
enter ‘route print’ console command to list the interface order, the IP address and
the network address mask.

 You can select one interface from the list of the connected interfaces. IP Traffic - Test
& Measure will only use the selected interface to translate IP address and to make a
connection. You must select the interface compatible with the remote IP address you
want to reach. When the IP address translation failed, the current connection
parameters area is updated as follows:

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 Interface types are restricted: only Ethernet and PPP are listed.
A PPP interface should be in a ‘connected’ state to belong to the interface list.

We have noticed that some operating systems may choose automatically the best network
interface to use when several NICs are plugged on the same network when it comes to
network interface selection. In that case, data can be sent on one interface and received on
another one.

(2) The IP version selection is available:

 with Windows XP (or later)
 If IPv6 features are installed on the target machine. Please refer to the Windows XP or
Server 2003 documentation to install the IPv6 stack. On Windows Vista, the IPv6 stack
is installed by default.
 You can allow IP Traffic - Test & Measure to choose automatically the good IP version
regarding the address or host name resolution result. If a canonical name corresponds
at the same time to an IPv4 and IPv6 address, IP Traffic - Test & Measure chooses
the IPv4 address. In that case, to use the IPv6 address, you should leave the automatic
selection mode and specify the use of IPv6.
If you have selected an IP version, the IP address translation (see ) uses the current
selected IP version to get the IP address numerical form.

(3) Select IP address is available when multiple IP addresses are attached to the network
interface. This interface configuration is also known as ‘multihomed’ interface. The
selection of a Source IP address is generally not required: IP Traffic - Test & Measure
uses the default IP address of the interface to establish connections.
It may be useful when routing priority or policy is defined.

Example of an IP address selection for a multihomed interface:

Select IP address is not available if the default interface ‘Interface chosen by the system’ is
selected.

(4) Specification of the local source port number is disabled by default. In this case, the
system automatically chooses the source port number for any connection generating traffic.
In order to respect the rules of a firewall for example, the source port number can be user
defined.

(5) Current parameters of this connection area are an abstract for the connection. It
summarizes the IP address, the numerical IP address format, the IP version and the
interface selection.
 The source port used is dynamically updated with the user selection.
 IP addresses are static. The IP address translation process occurs after you click on
OK.

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 IP version field is dynamically updated with the user selection.

 Current interface is dynamically updated with the user selection.

When you click on the OK button if the interface selected or IP version has changed, the
IP address translation is automatically started. It may be time consuming.

 IP Address translation mechanism

IP Traffic - Test & Measure tries to translate – e.g. to resolve - the IP address from a canonical to
a numerical format. This operation is called the IP address translation mechanism. When the ‘IP
Address or Host Name’ field or Interface parameters changes, when you move from ‘IP Address or
Host Name’ field to another field, or to another tab, when the Enter key is pressed or when the
Interface parameters change, all of these actions start the IP address translation function.

Because the IP address translation mechanism is time consuming, you should be carefully when
using IP canonical addresses. The time consumption depends on the DNS answer speed, the
number of DNS configured and the network load when the DNS request is sent.

If network environment changes – e.g. a new DNS has been defined - you should press the Enter
key in the ‘IP Address or Host Name’ field to force IP Traffic - Test & Measure to restart the
translation mechanism for this connection.

When the IP address translation failed, the IP address is written in red on a white
background. This connection cannot be started: the “Run” button in the ‘IP Generator –
Traffic + Statistics’ tab is grayed.

To summarize, the IP address translation mechanism is activated when:

- the focus leaves the ‘ IP Address or Host Name’ field,
- another tab is selected,
- you change the Interface parameters,
- a context file is loaded.

If no IP version has been selected, the IP address translation mechanism chooses the
good IP version regarding the IP version returned by the resolution process. If for
example, a canonical name represents at the same time an IPv4 and an IPv6
addresses, the IP Address Translation mechanism chooses the IPv4 address. If you
want to use the IPv6 address, you should select IPv6 version (see Select the network
interface, source IP address and source port number).

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 Duplicate parameters of a connection onto others

In order to facilitate the input of these parameters, a copy/paste mechanism for all parameters of a
connection is available. This mechanism is not available when the canonical IP address cannot be
translated into numerical format.

Duplication of connection’s parameters doesn’t copy the interface information. When you copy a
connection to another one, the IP address translation mechanism is started.
Step 1: first, input parameters for a
connection (for example, connection #01)

Step 2: move the mouse cursor on the

‘Connection #1’ label (source). The
mouse cursor appears as shown beside.

Step 3: mouse click left. Then the

‘Connection #1’ label is blue colored.

Step 4: when you move the mouse cursor

on one another ‘Connection #02’ label for
example, the mouse cursor changes.

(Copy mode)

Step 5: then you can paste all parameters

of connection #01 to the desired
connection (#02 for example as target).
Put the mouse cursor on the 'Connection
#02' label and then use the left mouse
button.

Note: this copy/paste function allows copying parameters from one connection (source) to another
one (target). Repeat this process for others connections if needed.

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 Description of the floating menu mechanism

In the Destination Parameters object, the labels ‘IP address’, ‘Port’ and ‘Protocol’ are mouse
sensitive.

When the mouse is located on the ‘IP Address or Host Name’ text area for example, the text color
changes to white. Then click left your mouse to display the associated menu.
Floating menu for the ‘IP Address or Host Name’ label

With this function, you can duplicate the IP address or the Host name from the first connection to
the others fifteen connections.
Floating menu for the ‘Protocol’ label

This menu helps to set the same protocol to every connection.

Floating menu for the ‘Port’ label

With this menu you can:

 Set the port number increasingly or decreasingly for every UDP connection, based on the
port number of the first UDP connection,
 Set the port number increasingly or decreasingly for every connection, based on the port
number of the first connection without taking account the protocol in use.

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10.6.2 Configure the Unitary Mode for TCP and/or UDP connections

The unitary mode is one of the three testing modes offered by

the ‘IP Generator’ module. Note that each testing mode is
exclusive, i.e. it is impossible to mix connections in unitary
testing mode and connections in another mode.
Unitary mode is configured in Tab 1 “IP Generator -
Parameters” and launched from Tab 2 “IP Generator - Traffic
+ Statistics”.
To run or configure unitary testing session, you must first
select ‘Unitary mode’.
By pressing “Parameter #n” buttons, a parameters window is
displayed and the parameters for this connection can be
configured.
The main selected unitary testing parameter of connection #n
is reminded beside the “Parameters #n” button: Mathematical
law, Packet generator, File to send, User file or User DLL.

When the “Parameters #n” button is pressed, the following window is displayed.

Unitary testing parameters window

This window is divided into three main areas:

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 Mode 1: Using the Internal data generator

 Mode 2: Using the External data source generator (allowing to use an user file or an user DLL)
 Options:
- Time code option (used to calculate the RTT – Round Trip Time and Jitter, if the remote is
operating in the echoer mode)
- DSCP value byte (hex value)
- TTL (Time To Live) byte (hex value)
- Save incoming data traffic in a file for this connection (if the remote is operating with the
echoer mode)
- Save generated traffic into a file for this connection
The “OK” button validates new entered parameters for this connection and closes the window.
Note: The first parameter to configure a unitary testing session is to select the mode between the
internal data generator and the external data source generator.

 Mode 1: Using the Internal data generator

This area is divided into three parts:

 Step 1: Select the traffic generator type
 Step 2: Specify Data Size and packets parameters
- Data Size (in bytes)
- Inter Packet Delay (in milliseconds)
 Step 3 (Optional): Activate a throughput limit
- Mean Throughput (in Kb/s)
- Mean Packet Throughput (in Pkts/s, only for UDP connection)

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Step 1: Select the traffic generator type

This area is divided into three parts corresponding to the three types of data source; beside each
data source selection is a sub-area that displays data source parameters:
 Mathematical law (Law: data volume to send)
 Packets generator (Packets generator parameters)
 File to send (Filename)

 Mathematical law
In the unitary mode, the offered mathematical law is a data volume to send law. Volume will modify
on the duration of the connection.
IP Traffic - Test & Measure unitary mode offers four mathematical laws related to data volume:
 Uniform law
 Exponential law
 Pareto’s law
 Gauss law
These laws are presented in details in the PART 13 Appendix.

Mathematical law for the unitary testing selection

In the “Law: data volume to send “sub-area, a list box allows selecting an existing law. The main
features (type of mathematical law and values range) of the selected law are reminded below the
list box.
You can add, modify or delete laws by pressing the “Edit” button. Then a new window is displayed:

Edit data volume to send laws

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To add a new data volume to send law:

1. Press “Create” button, then a new window is displayed:

Edit data volume to send laws window

2. Select one mathematical law: Uniform, Exponential, Pareto or Gauss.

3. Enter parameters value for the selected mathematical law (1 or 2 parameters are required
depending on the selected law),
4. Save and close the window by pressing the “OK” button.
5. Your new law is selected in the parent window
6. Repeat operations 1 to 5 to create other laws.
Note: Range is computed automatically each time you modify the parameters of the law.

Note: Laws created from this window will also be available for the Automatic mode.

 Packets Generator
When the Packet Generator data source is selected, IP Traffic - Test & Measure generates n IP
packets for this connection. Packet contents can also be configured.

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 Packets number
You specify the number of packets to send in the “Packets generator” sub-area. The number of
packets to send is limited to 99,999,999. Zero value means infinite (Zero is the default value).
 Packet contents
A content is one hex byte. Accepted values are all combinations from 00 to FF. If a no valid value
is entered, it will be automatically replaced by FF.
You can configure packet contents as follows:
 Fix: each packet has the same content.
 Random: IP Traffic - Test & Measure computes random packet content included in
a range (min to max).
 Alternate: you define two values. IP Traffic - Test & Measure uses the first value
(value #1) for odd packets and the second value (value #2) for even packets.
 Increasing/Decreasing: the content of each packet varies in a range from the
minimal to the maximal value; each packet content following is incremented by the
step value (0 is an invalid value). When the maximal value is reached, the packet
content decreases by the step value, until the minimal value is reached.
Note:
When ‘Packets generator’ data source is selected, the ‘Volume to send’ and the ‘Remaining
volume’ statistics cannot be computed. In the statistics fields of the tab 2 “IP Generator -
Traffic + Statistics”, “N/A” will be displayed in “Sent” and “Remain” columns.

 File to send
With this selection, IP Traffic - Test & Measure sends the content of the file defined in “Filename”
sub-area. The “Browse” button is made to ease the “file to send” selection.

Note: it is not allowed to send an empty file.

With the two input fields “Loop counter” and “Idle time between each loop (sec.)”, you can
specify how many times this file must be sent and the idle time (expressed in seconds) before
sending the file again. Notice that the remote IP Answering should be configured accordingly to
accept an idle time greater than the ‘Idle time between each loop value’.

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Step 2: Specify Data Size and packets parameters

 Data Size
This parameter defines the size of transmitted packets.

The maximum accepted value is 65 535 for TCP connections and 65507 for UDP connections. 0
(null) is not a valid value. By default, the entered value is 1460.
Data size can be configured as follows:
 Fix: each packet has the same size. The last packet may have an inferior size to fit
the data volume to send when a mathematical law or file to send data source is
selected.
 Random: IP Traffic - Test & Measure computes a random data size included in a
range for each packet to send.
 Alternate: IP Traffic - Test & Measure uses the first value for odd packets and the
second value for even packets.
 Increasing/Decreasing: the size of each packet varies in a range from the minimal to
the maximal value, each size is incremented by step value (0 is an invalid value).
When the maximal value is reached, the data size decreases step by step until the
minimal value.
Note:
The TCP or UDP Data Size is the data payload, not including headers (MAC, IP and protocol
headers). It is not the frame size e.g. Ethernet frame size.
When UDP is used, the Data Size, greater than the MTU, generates IP fragmentation.
If TCP is used, the TCP protocol can aggregate packets with a size smaller than the MTU. To
avoid aggregation, you should configure IP Traffic – Test & Measure with a TCP No Delay option
set (see 13.3 Configuration parameters saved in the Registry database for more details).
In addition, if the time code option is selected, the real TCP or UDP Data Size adds the size of the
time code option. (see 0 Time code option).

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 Inter Packet Delay

This parameter allows defining the time interval between two packets to send. Values are limited to
9999 milliseconds i.e. 10 seconds. A value of zero means no inter packet delay.

The Inter Packet Delay can be configured as follows:

 Fix: Inter Packet Delay is the same for all transmitted packets.
 Random: IP Traffic - Test & Measure computes a random Inter Packet Delay
included in a range you have specified for each packet to send.
 Alternate: IP Traffic - Test & Measure uses the first value for odd packets and the
second value for even packets.
 Increasing/Decreasing: Inter Packet Delay varies in a range from the minimal to the
maximal value; each Inter Packet Delay is incremented by the step (0 is not an
accepted value for step). When the maximal value is reached, Inter Packet Delay
decreases by step value until the minimal value is reached.
 Mathematical law: you can choose between one of the fourth available laws:
Uniform, Exponential, Pareto and Gauss.

Step 3 (optional): Activate a throughput limit

For the TCP connection, the average throughput limit is expressed in Kb/s (or Kbps).
With this feature, you can define a throughput limit for this connection (in Kilo bits per second) with
the check box ‘Use value’. You specify the average throughput in Kbps in the edit box and select
one of the two parameters (Data Size or inter packet delay). IP Traffic - Test & Measure
automatically adapts data traffic generation with adjustment of Data Size or Inter Packet Delay
(user choice) up to the throughput requested by the user.
For the UDP connection, the average throughput is expressed in Kb/s or can also be expressed in
number of packets per second (p/s):

Note: The throughput value must be greater than or equal to 8 Kbps.

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 Mode 2: Using the External data source generator (allowing to use an user file
or DLL)
If you select the external data source generator, the following area is active:

Two external data sources (file or DLL) are selectable, and you specify which filename to use:
 User file: this external data file is provided by the user (see 13.5 External File for the ‘IP
Generator’ module). It contains different parameters: data, Data Size, Inter Packet Delay...
 User DLL: IP Traffic - Test & Measure invokes the user DLL each time data is needed to send
(see 13.6 External DLL for the ‘IP Generator’ module for more information)
Note: when the ‘User file’ parameter is selected two parameters can be defined allowing sending
the same file many times:
- Loop counter,
- Idle time (expressed in seconds) between each loop.

 Options

Time code option

When this option is selected, IP Traffic - Test & Measure will add RTT (Round Trip Time)
information to packets. The RTT header format (in the little endian notation) is:
 4 bytes magic number
 4 bytes sequence number
 4 bytes time when sent
 2 bytes length (without the RTT header)
This information is used in conjunction with connections running in the echoer mode on the
Remote IP Answering module. The Local ‘IP Generator’ module analyzes each echoed packet.
When the RTT header is found, the RTT and the ‘sequencing errors’ values are computed and
displayed in statistics.
For the remote IP Answering module, the RTT information is checked to update ‘sequencing
errors’ statistics only.

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The DSCP field (with IPv4 only)

This field is available only if IPv4 is selected for the corresponding connection.
Under Windows Vista, the DSCP field is not available for ICMP connections.

You can input a DSCP value (by default, DSCP = 00) used for each
packet sent on the IP connection.

The Differentiated Services Code Point is a selector for router’s per-hop behaviors. Because it is a
selector, there is no implication that a numerically greater DSCP implies a better network service.
The RFC 2474 redefined the Type of Service Byte to be:

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Differentiated Services Code Point ECT CE

The ECT and CE fields don't refer to the DiffServ quality of service. They are spare bits in the IP
Header used by the Explicit Congestion Notification (see RFC 3168 for more details).

This leads the notion of “class”, each class being a group of the DSCPs with the same Precedence
value. Values within a class offer similar network services but with slight differences (different
levels of service such as “gold”, “silver” and “bronze”).
From the initial definition of the RFC 2474, RFC 2697 added the “assured forwarding” service and
RFC 2598 defined the “expedited forwarding” service. The DSCP values are defined as following:

DSCP IP header TOS field value in hexadecimal

Service
(Hexa value) (if ECT = 0 and CE = 0)
0 (0x00) Best effort 0x00
8 (0x08) Class 1 0x20
10 (0x0A) Class 1, gold (AF11) 0x28
12 (0x0C) Class 1, silver (AF12) 0x30
14 (0x0E) Class 1, bronze (AF13) 0x38
16 (0x10) Class 2 0x40
18 (0x12) Class 2, gold (AF21) 0x48
20 (0x14) Class 2, silver (AF22) 0x50
22 (0x16) Class 2, bronze (AF23) 0x58
24 (0x18) Class 3 0x60
26 (0x1A) Class 3, gold (AF31) 0x68
28 (0x1C) Class 3, silver (AF32) 0x70
30 (0X1E) Class 3, bronze (AF33) 0x78
32 (0x20) Class 4 0x80
34 (0x22) Class 4, gold (AF41) 0x88
36 (0x24) Class 4, silver (AF42) 0x90
38 (0x26) Class 4, bronze (AF43) 0x98
40 (0x28) Express forwarding 0xA0
46 (0x2E) Expedited forwarding (EF) 0xB8
48 (0x30) Control 0xC0
56 (0x38) Control 0xE0

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 How to allow the use of the DSCP field on Windows XP and Server 2003
Using Registry Editor inaccurately can cause serious problems that may require you to
reinstall your operating system. Microsoft cannot guarantee that problems resulting from
the incorrect use of Registry Editor can be solved. Note that you should back up the
registry before editing it. If you are running Windows XP or Server 2003 you should also
update your Emergency Repair Disk (ERD). For information about how to edit the registry,
view the "Changing Keys and Values" Help topic in Registry Editor ([Link]) or the
"Add and Delete Information in the Registry" and "Edit Registry Data" Help topics in
[Link].
Step1: Start Registry Editor ([Link]). Go to the following key on Local Machine:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\
Step 2: On the Edit menu, click Add Value, and then type DisableUserTOSSetting. Click
REG_DWORD in the Data Type box, and then click OK. Enter 0 in the prompt box. Quit Registry
Editor, and then restart the computer.

 How to allow the use of the DSCP field on Windows Vista

Under Windows Vista, you must have the administrator rights to be able to use the DSCP
field. To launch IP Traffic with the administrator rights, right-click on the IP Traffic - Test &
Measure shortcut in “Start > All Programs > IP Traffic – Test & Measure>” and choose “Run as
administrator”.

The TTL field

The user can input the TTL/Hop Limit value (hexadecimal) used for
each packet sent on the connection.
Default value = 00

The TTL field is only considering with the UDP connections.

Save incoming data traffic or generated traffic into a file

With this feature, you save in a file all incoming data traffic on the considered connection. The
remote ‘IP Answering’ module must be set before in “Echoer” or “Echoer file” mode.
If the internal traffic generator is used and a file has been specified:

then it would be possible to compare the two files: sent data and received data on this connection.

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10.6.3 Configure the Unitary Mode for ICMP connections

IP Traffic - Test & Measure offers the possibility to generate ICMP Echo Request traffic. (the
protocol used by Ping) which can uses IPv4 or IPv6 IP version.

By using the ICMP protocol, only the unitary mode can be used. You are still allowed to use TCP
and/or UDP on other connections.
By pressing the “Parameters #n” button, the window below is displayed:

Three areas are proposed to configure the Ping Simulator:

 In the Step 1, the packets number and the packet content can be specified.
 In the upper part of the Step 2, the ICMP Echo Request Data Size can be defined
(up to 65 500 bytes).
 The lower part of Step 2 allows the definition of the replies timeout.
 In Step 3 you can define the mean packet throughput.
Note: more information about these three areas is available in paragraph Mode 1: Using the
Internal data generator.

For the “IP Generator – Traffic + Statistics” tab, six statistics are available when using ICMP Echo
Request:
 Tx packets: this value represents the number of ICMP Echo Request packets sent.
 Rx packets: this value is the number of ICMP Echo Reply packets received.
 Mean RTT: this value shows the average Round Trip Time.
 Min RTT: this value is the minimum Round Trip Time calculated
 Max RTT: this value is the maximum Round Trip Time calculated
 Seq. Num. Errors: this value represents the number of replies that IP Traffic - Test
& Measure does not receive.

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10.6.4 Configure the automatic mode for TCP or UDP connections

The Automatic Mode is a mode in which all enabled
connections are generated in loop, according to a
“Starting time connections generation” law and a “Data
volume to send” law.

As the unitary mode, the automatic mode is configured

in Tab 1 ”IP Generator – Parameters” and is run in Tab
2 “IP Generator – Traffic +Statistics”.

Once the automatic mode is selected in Tab 1, the user

can choose to enable or disable each connection by
using the combo-box.

By clicking on the “[P]“ button, the following window is displayed, allowing configuring the
automatic mode parameters:

Automatic testing parameters window

Note: the Automatic Testing Mode can not be used if ICMP connections are selected

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 Starting time connections generation laws

Starting time connection laws regulates the timing between the beginnings of two connections. The
available mathematical laws for starting time connection are Uniform and Exponential laws.
(Mathematical laws are presented in details in PART 13 Appendix).
To modify, delete or add a law, click on the “Edit” button. Then the following window is displayed:

This window is composed of three areas:

- “Law identifier”
This area allows selecting, creating, modifying or deleting an existing law.
- “Law parameters”
This area displays the parameters associated to the selected law.
- Action buttons
“OK” button: to quit the law-editing window and accept all changes.
“Cancel” button: to ignore all modifications made since the window has been opened.

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To add a new Starting time connections generation law:

1. Press the “Create” button, then a new window is displayed:

Edit starting time connections generation law window

2. Select one mathematical law: Uniform or Exponential.

3. Enter parameters value for the selected mathematical law (1 or 2 parameters are required
depending on the selected law).
4. Save and close the window by pressing the “OK” button.
5. The new law is selected in the parent window.
6. Repeat operations 1 to 5 to create other laws

 Data volume to send laws

Data volume laws define the data volume to send for a connection. The available mathematical
laws for data volume to send are: Uniform, Exponential, Pareto and Gauss laws (Mathematical
laws are presented in details in PART 13 Appendix).
You can add, modify or delete a law by pressing the “Edit” button. Then a new window is
displayed:

Edit data volume to send laws

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To add a new data volume to send law:

1. Press the “Create” button, then a new window is displayed:

2. Select one mathematical law: Exponential, Uniform, Pareto or Gauss.

3. Enter parameters value for the selected mathematical law (1 or 2 parameters are required
depending on the selected law),
4. Save and close the window by pressing the “OK” button.
5. Your new law is selected in the parent window
6. Repeat operations 1 to 5 to create other laws

Note:
Up to the used OS (Windows XP, Server 2003 or Vista), WinSock 2 Interface could present
number-limits of the incoming simultaneous calls. Consequence for IP Traffic - Test & Measure is
the presence of “connection failed”, particularly when connections frequency is very near (inferior
to 150 ms), and when the data volume to transmit is very small, which implies to make many
connections. These connection failures do not disturb IP Traffic - Test & Measure. To reduce
these failures, increase the frequency of connection or the data volume.

 Data size
In the automatic mode, entering a value (in bytes) in «Mathematical laws parameters» window
configures the Data Size.
The Data Size is limited to 65,535 bytes for TCP connections and to 65507 bytes for UDP
connections.

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10.6.5 Configure the replay sniffed traffic mode

In this mode, IP Traffic - Test & Measure uses traffic files captured by the
“Traffic Sniffer” (see 10.9 The ‘Traffic Sniffer’ tab).

When you click on the command button “[P]”, the following window is
displayed.

First, select a ‘Data traffic file to replay’ and then press the “Analyze the data traffic file” button. At
the end of the process, an indication is displayed: “100.00% of xxx MB” (where xxx is the file size).

Note: the Replay Sniffed Traffic Mode can not be used if ICMP connections are enabled.

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After the analysis of the data traffic file, all IP connections found in the sniffed traffic file are then
displayed in the “(A) Result of analysis (list of data sniffed connections)” object.
Connections that have already been defined in the current IP Generator module are displayed in
the “(B) Connection(s) already defined in IP Traffic“ object.
Then you must link one ‘data sniffed connection’ to one ‘defined connection’ by pressing the “Link”
button. If needed, one association can be removed by pressing the “Delete the selected link”
button.
Once the needed links have been defined, press OK. IP Traffic - Test & Measure is ready to
replay traffic on actually defined connections of the ‘IP Generator’ by using data of connections
from the ‘data traffic file to replay’ specified by the different links made by the user.

 How does IP Traffic - Test & Measure replay the traffic?

The first step, as explained before, is to link a connection #A from the « .dtr » file to a connection
#B defined on the IP Generator.
When the replay is started, IP Traffic - Test & Measure reads the “.dtr” file to get the packets of
the connection #A. Two data are necessary for the replay mode: the timestamp of the packet and
the data payload. IP Traffic - Test & Measure is not be concerned by the IP version (IPv4 or
IPv6), the protocol or the IP addresses used by the connection #A. The replay process, in relation
with the link done between the connection #A and the connection #B, reuses the data payload
respecting the timestamp of each packet some is the protocol or the IP version used to replay the
data. For example a UDP connection using IPv4 can be replayed on a TCP connection using IPv6.

Note: the “.dtr” file contains only one-way packets. More details about how creating “.dtr” files are
available in the paragraph 10.9.3 Run analysis algorithm (Step 3).

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10.7 The ‘IP Generator – Traffic + Statistics’ tab

This second tab related to the IP Generator module allows:
 To visualize destination parameters and traffic statistics for each connection,
 To save traffic statistics for all or a set of active connections of the IP Generator module in a
CSV file,
 If unitary mode is selected in “IP Generator – Parameters” tab (please refer to “10.6 The ‘IP
Generator – Parameters’ tab”), to control traffic generation in unitary mode, i.e. to start and to
stop each connection,
 If automatic mode is selected in “IP Generator – Parameters” tab, to command traffic
generation in automatic mode, i.e. to start and to stop all enabled connections,
 If replay sniffed traffic mode is selected in “IP Generator – Parameters” tab, to command replay
traffic generation on connection(s).
The “IP Generator - Traffic + Statistics” tab is divided into five areas. Each area is presented in the
following paragraphs.

Tab 2: “IP Generator - Traffic + Statistics”

10.7.1 Destination Parameters area

In this area, the destination parameters (IP address and port number) of each connection are
shown for information. These parameters can be modified in the “IP Generator –Parameters” tab,
when all connections are stopped.

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10.7.2 Statistics (Application Level)

The statistics are displayed for each connection in the “Statistics” area:
By using the "Choose Columns" button at the bottom,
you can select the parameters to display.
Up to 7 parameters can be simultaneously displayed among the 15 parameters described later in
this paragraph, and at least one parameter must be selected.
These statistics are computed at the application level (and based on application data sent or
received). No MAC, IP and TCP/UDP headers and trailers are taken into account. Please refer to
“PART 11 Calculation Mode for the Statistics” to get more details.
To reset the statistics displayed, two methods can be used:
 by clicking on the "Reset Display" button (this button is enabled when all connections are
stopped).
 by checking the "Clear on Stop" option (when the connection stops, the statistics for this
connection are automatically cleared).

The "N/A" (Not Applicable) mention can be displayed instead of a value in the cell of the statistics
table if the parameter cannot be calculated.

If a connection is in progress or cannot be activated (in case of invalid parameters or connection

problem), a warning message is displayed. Examples of warning messages:
 Connection failed: no response from the Remote. Please check your parameters.
 Connection pending: IP Traffic - Test & Measure is waiting for the Remote response.
 Connection reset: the Remote has reset the connection.

Note: the warning message isn't erased if the "Clear on Stop" option is selected.

 Transmitting statistics
 Tx Packets (2)
Tx Packets (Tx = Transmit) is the number of packets that IP Traffic - Test &
Measure has sent since the connection started.
 Tx Pkts Tx Pkts Throughput (Tx = Transmit) is the mean number of packets that IP Traffic
Throughput (1) (2) - Test & Measure is sending per second. This value is only available with UDP
connections.
The calculation of this value is based on the sampling period defined by the
throughput sampling period in the 'Configuration/General Parameters' menu.
 Tx Throughput (1) Tx Throughput (Tx = Transmit) is the mean throughput of data sent.
The calculation of this value is based on the sampling period defined by the
throughput sampling period in the 'Configuration/General Parameters' menu.
 Tx Volume (1) Tx Volume (Tx = Transmit) is the number of bytes that IP Traffic - Test &
Measure has sent since the connection started.

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 Receiving statistics
 Rx Packets(2) Rx Packets (Rx = Receive) is the number of packets that IP Traffic - Test &
Measure has received since the connection is started.
 Rx Pkts Rx Pkts Throughput (Rx = Receive) is the mean number of packets that IP
Throughput (1) (2) Traffic - Test & Measure is receiving per second. This value is only available
with UDP connections.
The calculation of this value is based on the sampling period defined by the
throughput sampling period in the 'Configuration/General Parameters' menu.
 Rx Throughput (1) Rx Throughput (Rx = Receive) is the mean throughput of data received.
The calculation of this value is based on the sampling period defined by the
throughput sampling period in the 'Configuration/General Parameters' menu.
 Rx Volume (1) Rx Volume (Rx = Receive) is the number of bytes that IP Traffic - Test &
Measure has received since the connection is started.

 Other statistics
 Jitter (1) Jitter is the mean variation of delays on packets received. This value is only available
when Timecode option is selected (for the local 'IP Generator'). This value corresponds
to either the mean one-way variation (remote 'IP Answering' = Generator mode) or the
mean two-ways variation (remote 'IP Answering' = Echoer mode).
 Remaining 'Remaining Volume' is the number of bytes that IP Traffic - Test & Measure has
Volume (1) still not sent. This information is only available for two Traffic Generator types:
Mathematical Law and File to Send.
 Mean RTT 'Mean RTT' is the Round Trip Time of a packet that was sent by IP Traffic - Test &
Measure. This value is calculated if the Timecode option is selected for the local 'IP
Generator' and if the remote 'IP Answering' works in the Echoer mode.
 Min RTT "Min RTT" is the minimum value of the Round Trip Time calculated by IP Traffic -
Test & Measure. For more information, please see the "Mean RTT" column
information.
 Max RTT "Max RTT" is the maximum value of the Round Trip Time calculated by IP Traffic -
Test & Measure. For more information, please see the "Mean RTT" column
information
 Seq. Numb. 'Seq. Numb. Errors' (Sequence Number Errors) is the sum of the Out Of Sequence
Errors(2) packets number (OOS) and the number of lost packets. This value is only available if
the Timecode option is selected (for the local 'IP Generator') and if the working mode
of the remote 'IP Answering' is Generator or Echoer.
 Volume To 'Volume To Send' is the number of bytes that IP Traffic - Test & Measure should
Send (1) send. This information is only available for two Traffic Generator types: Mathematical
law and File to Send.
(1)
These statistics are not available with ICMP
(2)
These statistics are not available with TCP
A RTT summary for all connections is also available. This summary displays the minimum,
maximum and mean RTT values of all connections (for connections having RTT (Timecode) option
selected (see 0 Time code option for more information) ).
When you press the “Stop all connections” button, statistics remain displayed in black writing on
gray background.
If a connection cannot be activated (in case of invalid parameters), the statistics fields are empty
on gray background.

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 Export statistics into a file

To export all or part of statistics into a CSV file, click on the 'Parameters' button when enabled
(i.e. when no connection of the IP Generator is active):
When no parameters are defined, the state is:
Export is disabled

Then a window allows defining parameters for the export process:

 Enable or disable the export process,
 The filename (.csv extension) of the export file,
 The identification of the needed connections,
 The parameters to export (up to 15).
 Include or not the RTT summary or the IP Generator activity into the statistics file.

“Export IP Answering Statistics”

Then press OK to validate, and a new state is displayed:

When parameters have been defined and the

export process is enabled, the state is:
Export is enabled

Note: do not specify the same filename to save statistics for the 'IP Generator' and the 'IP
Answering' parts. If you do so, a warning message is displayed.

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Note: The maximum number of columns handled by Excel is 255. If the number of statistics and
connections you have selected exceeds this limit of Excel, you have to restrict to the most
important statistics that you need, or to reduce the number of connections.
The statistics file is updated with the same refresh period than the statistics displayed.
A special mark is added to keep special TCP and UDP events e.g. Start and End of sending traffic.
When you reset statistics, the displayed values and the exported values are reset.
Statistics are saved into the CSV file as soon as one connection of the IP Generator is started and
the 'Export is running' state is displayed:

When all the connections are stopped, then the export process is automatically suspended and the
following idle state is displayed:

To export all or part of statistics displayed (in other words, there is the possibility of saving also the
statistics which are not displayed) in a file, you can use the parameters connection and statistics
dialog.
The RTT summary is exported even if the selected connections don’t use the RTT option.

The IP Generator statistics CSV file format

The IP Generator statistics file is formatted line by line as follows (example):

First line: (All types of statistics are represented here. The general statistics (RTT summary, IP
Generator activity, Date/Time, etc …) and the statistics available for each connection. The
statistics headers can be up to fifteen for each connection)

Tx Pkts
Tx Throughput Tx Volume
IP Generator RTT Summary: RTT Summary: RTT Summary: State Throughput
Connection #xx Connection #xx
Date/Time Mean RTT (ms) Min RTT (ms) Max RTT (ms) Connection #xx Connection #xx
(Kb/s) (KB)
(Pkts/s)

Rx Pkts Remaining Volume To

Tx Packets Rx Throughput Rx Volume Rx Packets Mean RTT
Throughput Volume Send
Connection #xx Connection #xx Connection #xx Connection #xx Connection #xx
Connection #xx Connection #xx Connection #xx
(Pkts) (Kb/s) (KB) (Pkts) (ms)
(Pkts/s) (KB) (KB)

Jitter Seq. Num. Min RTT Max RTT

Connection #xx Errors Connection #xx Connection #xx
(ms) Connection #xx (ms) (ms)

Next lines:
MM/DD/YYYY TCP or UDP or
mmm mmm mmm [Link] [Link] mmm
HH:MM:[Link] ICMP

mmm [Link] [Link] mmm mmm mmm mmm mmm

mmm mmm mmm mmm

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Additional mark for TCP, UDP or ICMP connection events

TCP START This mark indicates the connection starts. When this mark is included in
the IP Generator traces, the numerical values are set to 0.
TCP END This mark indicates the corresponding connection has stopped. The
numerical values are the latest values computed by IP Traffic - Test &
Measure. Moreover, for IP Generator part, the line containing the END
flag shows a synthesis of all statistics. The averages are calculated from
the START flag time to the END flag time.
TCP PENDING This mark indicates the connection is launched but that no data packet
has been sent for the moment (for example in TCP, time to realize the
“Three-ways Handshake”).
TCP WAITING END This mark indicates the connection has sent all of its packets but still
waiting for the echoed packets until the timeout is reached (see General
parameters).
TCP FAILED This mark indicates the connection could not be established.
Additional mark for TCP, UDP or ICMP disconnection events
TCP INFO This mark indicates the reason of the disconnection if this one is not
produced by the click on the stop button or the scheduled end of the traffic
generation (due to the generator parameters, for example: Number
packets to send = 1000)
When this mark is included in the IP Generator traces, the error message
returned by IP Traffic - Test & Measure is placed after the “INFO” mark.
Idle connections
When the connection is idle, no numerical value is set into the file. The field is empty.
Conventions
“Volume to send” and “Remaining Volume” are filled with the “N/A” symbol when the generator is
not configured with “File to send”.
“Seq. Num. Errors”, “Jitter”, “Mean RTT”, “Min RTT” and “Max RTT” are filled with the “N/A” symbol
until one RTT header is found in the received data by the 'IP Generator' part.
“Tx Pkts Throughput” and “Rx Pkts Throughput” are filled with the “N/A” symbol when the protocol
used for the concerned connection is not UDP.
In addition, when a connection is using ICMP protocol, all statistics are filled with the “N/A” symbol,
except “Mean RTT”, “Min RTT” and “Max RTT”, “Seq. Num. Errors”, “Tx Packets” and “Rx
Packets”.
Then for the RTT summary, ”Mean RTT”, “Min RTT” and “Max RTT” are filled with the “N/A”
symbol until one “RTT” header is found in the received data by the 'IP Generator' part (at least for
one connection).
When “Mean RTT”, “Min RTT” or “Max RTT” is filled with the value 0, this means that the result is
less than 1 millisecond.
How to open this CSV file with Excel?
To open this file with Microsoft Excel, the comma should be defined as “list separator” (this is the
default value with English regional settings). In case of problem, click on “Start > Control Panel”
and click on “Regional and Language Options”, select an item in the list or click Customize to
define your own parameters.

How to change the date/time format?

To change the format of the date/time column, select the whole column and right click on the
column. Choose “Format Cells …”, then, in the Category list, choose “Custom”. In the “Type” area,
enter the following string: mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss.000. Using this string, the date/time format will be
changed to : 03/20/2008 09:45:50.840.

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Export an IP Generator file sample

In this example, 2 connections have been selected with all parameters exported. For each
connection, the 'IP Answering' is operating with the echoer mode.
 Connection #01 is configured with the TCP protocol and uses the internal data generator (with
RTT activated).
 Connection #02 is configured with the UDP protocol and uses the internal data generator (with
RTT activated).
The “Refresh time” parameter is set to 2 seconds.

Tx Rx Tx Rx
Mean RTT Mean RTT
State Connection Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput
IP Generator Date/Time Connection State Connection #02 Connection
#01 Connection Connection Connection Connection
#01 (ms) #02 (ms)
#01 (Kb/s) #01 (Kb/s) #02 (Kb/s) #02 (Kb/s)

03/20/2008 13:25:40.421 UDP PENDING 0 0 N/A

03/20/2008 13:25:40.421 UDP START 0 0 N/A
03/20/2008 13:25:40.437 UDP 0 0 N/A
03/20/2008 13:25:40.453 TCP START 0 0 N/A UDP 0 0 N/A
03/20/2008 13:25:41.859 TCP 98.09 98.09 2 UDP 98.09 98.09 1
03/20/2008 13:25:43.843 TCP 326.22 326.22 1 UDP 326.22 326.22 1
03/20/2008 13:25:45.843 TCP 554.34 554.34 1 UDP 554.34 554.34 1
03/20/2008 13:25:47.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:25:49.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:25:51.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:25:53.843 TCP 570.31 574.88 1 UDP 570.31 572.59 2
03/20/2008 13:25:55.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:25:57.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:25:59.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:01.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:03.843 TCP 570.31 574.88 1 UDP 570.31 574.88 2
03/20/2008 13:26:05.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:07.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 0 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:09.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:11.859 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:13.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:15.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:17.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:19.843 TCP 570.31 570.31 1 UDP 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:20.453 TCP WAITING END 570.31 570.31 1 UDP WAITING END 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:20.453 TCP WAITING END 570.31 570.31 1 UDP WAITING END 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:20.968 TCP END 563.1 563.1 1 UDP WAITING END 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:21.046 UDP WAITING END 570.31 570.31 1
03/20/2008 13:26:21.156 UDP END 559.93 559.93 1

The delimiter mark used between each field is the comma character (in conformance with the CSV
file format). In this example, the lines containing the END flag have a synthesis of all statistics
exported. The throughputs showed are the mean throughputs calculated from the START flag time
to the END flag time.

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10.7.3 Run an unitary testing session

The unitary testing session can be started from the “Unitary mode“
area in Tab 2 “IP Generator - Traffic + Statistics”. From this area, you
can start or stop connections in unitary testing separately or all
together.
To run an unitary mode session:
1. In Tab 2 “ IP Generator - Traffic + Statistics”:
 If the IP Generator connections are active, stop all running
connections by pressing the “Stop All connections” button.

2. In Tab 1 “IP Generator - Parameters”:

 Select the unitary testing mode.

3. In Tab 1 “IP Generator - Parameters”:

 If necessary configure the unitary parameters for each
connection by pressing the “Parameters #n” button.

4. In Tab 2 “ IP Generator - Traffic + Statistics”:

 Press the “Start All Connection” button to start all connections
together or press the “Start #n” buttons to start connections
one by one.

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10.7.4 Run an automatic testing session

An automatic testing session is launched from the “Automatic Mode“

area in Tab 2 “IP Generator - Traffic + Statistics”. In this area, there is
only one button to start and to stop all enabled connections in the
automatic mode.
To carry out the automatic mode session:
1 In Tab 2 “ IP Generator - Traffic + Statistics”:
 If the IP Generator connections are active, stop all running
connections by pressing the “Stop All connections” button.
2 In Tab 1 “IP Generator - Parameters”:
 Select the automatic testing mode.

3 In Tab 1 “IP Generator - Parameters”:

 If necessary, configure the automatic parameters by pressing
the “[P]” button and enable or disable connections by using the
combo boxes.
4 In Tab 2 “ IP Generator - Traffic + Statistics”:
 Press the “Start enabled connections with laws” button to start
all enabled connections.

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10.7.5 Run a replay traffic session

A replay traffic testing session is launched from the “Replay

Mode“ area in Tab 2 “IP Generator - Traffic + Statistics”. In this
area, there is only one button to start replay traffic from a traffic
file on connections.
To run a replay traffic session:
1. In Tab 2 “ IP Generator - Traffic + Statistics”:
 If the IP Generator connections are active, stop all
running connections by pressing the “Stop All
Connections” button.
2. In Tab 1 “IP Generator - Parameters”:
 Select the “Replay sniffed traffic” mode.

3. In Tab 1 “IP Generator - Parameters”:

 If necessary, configure and select the traffic file by
pressing the “[P]” button.
4. In Tab 2 “ IP Generator - Traffic + Statistics”:
 Press the “Start traffic generation on multiple
connections from a file” button to start replay traffic
generation.
5. The option “Automatic replay at the end of all connections”
restarts the replay of traffic generation when all connections
are stopped.

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10.8 The ‘IP Answering’ tab

The ‘IP Answering’ part allows receiving UDP and TCP traffic in accordance with five different
working modes: ‘Absorber’, ‘Absorber file’, ‘Echoer’, ‘Echoer file’ or ‘Generator’.
IP Answering - Parameter + Statistics tab
This third tab is related to the 'IP Answering' part activity to:
 Configure the “Listening to” parameters: network interface, port number and protocol of the
listening port,
 Configure IP connected remote “Coming From …”: source IP address or host name from
which connection is received,
 Configure “Receiving Working Mode” for each connection,
 Visualize the statistics for each connection,
 Save traffic statistics for all active connections of the IP Answering module in a file.
The tab is divided into four areas: Listening To…, Coming From…, Receiving Working Mode and
Statistics (calculated at the application level).

Tab 3: “IP Answering - Parameters + Statistics”

10.8.1 Duplicate parameters of a connection onto others

In order to facilitate input of the parameters for a connection, a copy/paste mechanism for all
parameters of a connection is available (identical to the copy/paste mechanism for the IP
Generator part – see “ Duplicate parameters of a connection onto others”).
This function is not available when the canonical IP address cannot be translated in numerical
format.

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10.8.2 Listening To …
In this area, you configure each receiving connection with the following parameters corresponding
to the connected sender from which connections are received. You configure the parameters IP
Traffic - Test & Measure uses to listen to incoming connections. These parameters are:
The black arrow has two purposes:
Network interface selection
 To display a summary of the connection's parameters
 To select the network interface and the IP version for a
connection.
The port number is limited to 65,535. By default, the port
Port
number is 2009.

Protocol TCP or UDP protocol (default = TCP protocol).

 Specific Rules to receive TCP or UDP traffic

Rules TCP UDP

The same port number can be used by several IPv4 or IPv6 connections YES NO

The same port number can be used by two connections using either IPv4 or IPv6 YES YES
The same port number can be used by connections using different NICs YES YES*
The same port number can be used by connections using the same multihomed
YES YES*
NIC but by selecting different IP Addresses
* If a UDP connection uses the "default interface", this connection is used in favor of the
connection using an interface.

 Summary of connection parameters

When you move the mouse over the black arrow, a popup window - called a tooltip – is displayed.

IP Answering connection tooltip

The tooltip for the IP Answering connection includes five items:

 The first item is the connection number the tooltip refers to.
 The next item is the IP address defined by the user.
 The next item is the IP address translated when IP Translation address has succeeded
(e.g. the address is not NO_ADDRESS or [Link]).
 The next item is the IP version currently selected.
 The last item is the interface name selected. The name displayed is the name of the
connection presented in the “Settings/Network and Dial-up Connections” Start menu of the
operating system (Default is “Interface chosen by the system”).

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 Select the network interface, IP version and local IP address

When you click on the black triangle, a window is displayed:

Network interface, IP version and IP local address for an IP Answering connection

(1) The network interface selection is optional. It is used to constrain connections to be

established using a specific interface.
 By default:
 The IP version is automatically selected by IP Traffic - Test & Measure regarding
the destination address or host name specified on the “IP Answering –Traffic +
Statistics” tab (see below). By default, NO_ADDRESS is an IPv4 address.
 The IP stack resolves the interface selection to send packets to the remote.
The IP stack uses the destination IP address to select the correct interface. The IP
address and the netmask related to each interface are checked against the remote
IP address to reach. When an interface that matches the remote IP address is
found, it is used. To understand how the IP stack selects the interface, you may
enter ‘route print’ console command to list the interface order, the IP address and
the network address mask.
 You can select one interface from the list of connected interfaces. IP Traffic - Test &
Measure will only use the selected interface to translate the IP address and to make a
connection. You must select the interface compatible with the remote IP address you
want to reach. When the IP address translation failed, current connection parameters
area is updated as follows:

 Network interface types are restricted: only Ethernet and PPP are listed.
A PPP interface should be in ‘connected’ state to belong to the interface list.

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We have noticed that some operating systems may choose automatically the best network
interface to use when several NICs are plugged on the same network when it comes to
network interface selection. In that case, data can be sent on one interface and received on
another one.
(2) The IP version selection is available:
 with Windows XP (or later)
 If IPv6 features are installed on the target machine. Please refer to the Windows XP or
Windows Server 2003 documentation to install the IPv6 stack. On Windows Vista, the
IPv6 stack is installed by default.
 You can allow IP Traffic - Test & Measure to choose automatically the good IP version
regarding the address or host name resolution result. If a canonical name corresponds
at the same time to an IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, IP Traffic - Test & Measure chooses
the IPv4 address. In that case, to use the IPv6 address, you should select the use of
IPv6 only (Use IPv6 only).
If you have selected an IP version, the IP address translation (see ) uses the current
selected IP version to get the IP address numerical form.

(3) Select IP address is available when multiple IP addresses are attached to the network
interface. This interface configuration is also known as ‘multihomed’ interface. The selection
of a Source IP address is generally not required: IP Traffic - Test & Measure uses the
default IP address of the interface to establish connections.
It may be useful when routing priority or policy is defined. Example of an IP address
selection for a multihomed interface:

Select IP address is not available if the default interface ‘Interface chosen by the system’ is
selected.
(4) Specification of the local source port number is disabled in the receiver Interface
configuration because the source port number and the destination port number are
generated by the remote as the originator of the connection.

(5) Current parameters of this connection area are an abstract for the connection. It
summarizes the IP address, the numerical IP address format, the IP version and the
interface selection.
 The source port used is dynamically updated with the user selection.
 The IP addresses are static. The IP address translation process occurs after you click
on OK.
 The IP version field is dynamically updated with the user selection.
 The current interface is dynamically updated with the user selection.

When you click on the OK button, if the interface selected or IP version has changed,
the IP address translation is automatically started. It may be time consuming.

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So, you can configure various incoming connection criteria:

 Interface: you limit a connection to a specific Interface or let the Operating System to return
connections from any interfaces.
 IP version: when an Interface offers the two IP versions, you can select the IP version expected
or not. By default, the automatic selection is activated.
 When multiple IP addresses are attached to one interface, you should select the destination IP
address the incoming connection should refer to. By default, the first IP address returned by the
system is selected.

 Description of the floating menu mechanism

In the ‘Listening To’ object, the labels ‘Port’ and ‘Protocol’ are mouse-sensitive.

When the mouse is located on the ‘Port’ text area for example, the text color changes to
white. Then click left your mouse to display the associated menu.

Floating menu for the ‘Port’ label

With this menu you can:

 Set the port number increasingly or decreasingly for every UDP connection, based on the
port number of the first UDP connection.
 Set the port number increasingly or decreasingly for every connection, based on the port
number of the first connection without taking account the protocol in use.

Floating menu for the ‘Protocol’ label

This menu helps to set the same protocol to every connection.

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10.8.3 Coming From …

Remote IP address or Enter the IP address (numerical format) or Host Name (canonical
Host Name: format), with the help of AutoComplete when active. The IP
address is not a mask.
By default, the value is ANY_ADDRESS (This address is used to
accept connection from any source address).

With a TCP connection, the incoming connection is rejected if IP Traffic - Test & Measure can’t
correlate this IP Address or host name with the source IP Address of the incoming packet.
With a UDP connection, the incoming packets are received but if IP Traffic - Test & Measure
can’t correlate this IP Address or host name with the source IP Address of the incoming packets,
IP Traffic - Test & Measure doesn’t take them into account in the statistics.

 IP address floating menu

When the mouse is located on the ‘IP address’ text area, the color changes to white.

Click on the left mouse button to display the short menu as above. With this function, the IP
Address field from connection #01 is copied out to all connections from #02 to #16.

 IP Address translation mechanism

IP Traffic - Test & Measure tries to translate – e.g. to resolve - the IP address from a canonical to
a numerical format. This operation is called the IP address translation mechanism. When the ‘IP
Address or Host Name’ field or Interface parameters changes, when you move from ‘IP Address or
Host Name’ field to another field, to another tab, when the Enter key is pressed or when the
Interface parameters change, all of these actions start the IP address translation function.
Because the IP address translation mechanism is CPU consuming, you should be carefully when
using IP canonical addresses. CPU consumption depends on the DNS answer speed, the number
of DNS configured and the network load when the DNS request is sent.

If the network environment changes – e.g. a new DNS has been defined - you should press the
Enter key in the ‘IP Address or Host Name’ field to force IP Traffic - Test & Measure to restart the
translation mechanism for this connection.

When the IP address translation failed, the IP address is written in red on a white
background. This connection cannot be started.

To summarize, the IP address translation mechanism is activated when:

- the focus leaves the ‘ IP Address or Host Name’ field,
- another tab is selected,
- you change the Interface parameters,
- a context file is loaded.

10.8.4 Receiving working mode

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IP Traffic - Test & Measure offers five different active working modes for the IP Answering part:
’Absorber’, ’Absorber File’, ’Echoer’, ’Echoer file’ or Generator’. A ’Disable’ (or inactive) mode
is also available.

 Absorber mode
With this working mode, IP Traffic - Test & Measure absorbs data on this connection.
Connection # n
Remote IP answering (absorber mode)
Local IP generator
(no specific treatment for each received IP packet)

 Absorber File mode

When a receiving connection is operating in the ‘Absorber File’ mode, the ‘IP Answering’ module
will save the received data in a file. The name of the file must be entered in the Filename field. A
“Browse” button allows selecting the file easily.

Connection # m Remote IP answering (absorber file mode)

Local IP generator
(each received IP packet is saved in a file)

 Echoer mode
When a receiving connection is operating in echoer mode, the received data are sent back to the
‘IP Generator’ module.
Connection # p Remote IP answering (echoer mode)
Local IP generator (each received IP packet on the connection is
sent to the transmitter)
With UDP protocol, the ‘Echoer’ mode is available if a connected ‘IP Generator’ address is
specified only.
Remind:
Echoed data can be saved in a file by the local ‘IP Generator’ module via the tab 1 “IP
Generator - Parameters”.

 Echoer File mode

When a receiving connection is operating in this mode, the received data are sent back to the ‘IP
Generator’ module and are saved in a file. The name of the file must be entered in the Filename
field. A “Browse” button allows selecting the file easily.
Connection # q Remote IP answering (echoer file mode)
Local IP generator (each received IP packet on the connection
is sent to the transmitter and saved in a file)

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 Generator mode
This mode is displayed as “Generator” in the combo-box mode.

Properties of the IP flow 1 are defined at the local ‘IP Generator’ level and each IP packet received
by the remote ‘IP Answering’ module is used to compute statistics only.

When you select the “Generator” mode for a connection (#1 in the example above), a “Param.”
Button is displayed in order to specify the traffic parameters generated by the remote ‘IP
Answering’ module (i.e. IP flow 2). When you press the “Param.” button, an “IP Traffic –
Parameters in unitary mode” window is displayed (the same as IP Generator – configure unitary
testing mode). So you can input parameters for this IP flow 2 as you like (for example, generate
10000 packets with an average throughput of 250 Kb/s).
For a TCP connection, IP flow 2 is generated as soon as the TCP connection will be established
between the local ‘IP Generator’ and the remote ‘IP Answering’ modules. The IP flow 2 is stopped
when the FIN or RESET flag is received or when the user stops the IP Answering. The IP flow 2 is
also stopped when no data are received during TCPINACTIVITY seconds. (see 13.3 Configuration
parameters saved in the Registry database)
For an UDP connection, IP flow 2 is generated as soon as the remote ‘IP Answering’ module will
receive the first UDP packet. The IP flow 2 is stopped when the RESET flag is received or when
the user stops the IP Answering. The IP flow 2 is also stopped when no data are received during
UDPINACTIVITY seconds. (see 13.3 Configuration parameters saved in the Registry database)

 Disable mode
When this mode is selected for a connection, IP Traffic - Test & Measure does not use this
connection. The disabled connections are grayed when you start receiving traffic. Statistics fields
of disabled connections are filled in with the following message: “Connection disabled”. There is no
statistics in the file for these connections.

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 The command button: “Replay mode parameters”

The check box ‘Replay mode’ must be checked in

order to access to the replay mode. By clicking on
the “Replay Mode Parameters” button, the following
window is displayed.

First, select a ‘Data traffic file to replay’ and then press the “Analyze the data traffic file” button. At
the end of the process, an indication is displayed: “100.00% of xxx Kb” (where xxx is the file size).
After the analysis of the data traffic file, all IP connections found in the sniffed traffic file are then
displayed in the “(A) Result of analysis (list of data sniffed connections)” object.
Connections that have already been defined by the user in the current IP Answering module are
displayed in the “(B) Connection(s) already defined in IP Traffic“ object.
You must then link one ‘data sniffed connection’ to one ‘defined connection’ by pressing the “Link”
button. If needed, one association can be removed by pressing the “Delete the selected link”
button.
Once that the needed links have been defined, then press OK. IP Traffic - Test & Measure will
replay traffic on actually defined connections of the ‘IP Answering’ module by using data of
connections from the ‘data traffic file to replay’ specified by the different links you have made.

The connections that are not used to replay the traffic can be used but with the absorber Receiving
Working Mode only.

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10.8.5 ‘IP Answering’ Statistics

By using the "Choose Columns" button at the bottom,

you can select the parameters to display.
Up to 5 parameters can be simultaneously displayed among 13 parameters described later in this
paragraph, and at least one parameter must be selected.
These statistics are computed at the application level (and based on application data sent or
received). No MAC, IP and TCP/UDP headers and trailers are taken into account. Please refer to
“PART 11 Calculation Mode for the Statistics”.
To reset the statistics displayed, you can use the 'Reset Display' button at any time.
The "N/A" (Not Applicable) mention can be displayed instead of a value in the cell of the statistics
table if the parameter cannot be calculated.

If a problem is detected for a connection, a warning message is displayed.

Example:
 Problem: disconnection due to TCP inactivity (see registry).
The IP Answering has ended the TCP connection because no data has been received (timeout
defined with the TCPINACTIVITY parameter of IP Traffic - Test & Measure in the Registry).

 Transmitting statistics

 Tx Packets(1) Tx Packets (Tx = Transmit) is the number of packets that IP Traffic - Test &
Measure has sent since the connection is started.
 Tx Pkts Tx Pkts Throughput (Tx = Transmit) is the mean number of packets that IP Traffic
Throughput(1) - Test & Measure is sending per second. This value is only available with UDP
connections.
The calculation of this value is based on the sampling period defined by the
throughput sampling period in the 'Configuration/General Parameters' menu.
 Tx Throughput Tx Throughput (Tx = Transmit) is the mean throughput of data sent.
The calculation of this value is based on the sampling period defined by the
throughput sampling period in the 'Configuration/General Parameters' menu.
 Tx Volume Tx Volume (Tx = Transmit) is the number of bytes that IP Traffic - Test &
Measure has sent since the connection is started.

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 Receiving statistics

 Rx Packets (1) Rx Packets (Rx = Receive) is the number of packets that IP Traffic - Test &
Measure has received since the connection is started.
 Rx Pkts Rx Pkts Throughput (Rx = Receive) is the mean number of packets that IP Traffic -
Throughput(1) Test & Measure is receiving per second. This value is only available with UDP
connections.
The calculation of this value is based on the sampling period defined by the
throughput sampling period in the 'Configuration/General Parameters' menu.
 Rx Throughput Rx Throughput (Rx = Receive) is the mean throughput of data received.
The calculation of this value is based on the sampling period defined by the
throughput sampling period in the 'Configuration/General Parameters' menu.
 Rx Volume Rx Volume (Rx = Receive) is the number of bytes that IP Traffic - Test & Measure
has received since the connection is started.

 Other statistics

 Data Not Echoed 'Data Not Echoed' is the number of bytes that the 'IP Answering' part couldn't echo.
This value is only available if the 'IP Answering' part works in the Echoer mode.
 Jitter Jitter is the mean variation of delays on packets received. This value is only
available when Timecode option is selected (on the remote IP Generator). This
value corresponds to the mean one-way variation only.
 Remaining 'Remaining Volume' is the number of bytes that IP Traffic - Test & Measure has
Volume still not sent. This information is only available for two Traffic Generator types:
Mathematical Law and File to Send.
 Seq. Numb. 'Seq. Numb. Errors' (Sequence Number Errors) is the sum of the Out Of Sequence
Errors(1) packets number (OOS) and the number of lost packets. This value is only available
if the Timecode option is selected (for the remote 'IP Generator') and if the working
mode of the local 'IP Answering' is Generator or Echoer.
 Volume To Send 'Volume To Send' is the number of bytes that IP Traffic - Test & Measure should
send. This information is only available for two Traffic Generator types:
Mathematical law and File to Send.
(1)
These statistics are not available with TCP

When pressing the “Start receiving traffic” button:

- All connected IP Answering information and working mode information are grayed,
- For disabled connections statistics, the message “Connection has been disabled” is displayed
- UDP enabled connections statistics fields are filled in with “N/A” or “00” value,
- TCP connections statistics fields are empty on white background (they will be filled in only
when connection will be established).

- Statistics are exported into the file (see bellow)

When pressing the “Stop receiving traffic” button:

- Statistics fields are cleared up,
- ‘Listening to …’, ‘Coming From …’ and ‘Receiving Working Mode’ areas become available.

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10.8.6 “Export IP Answering statistics into a file” parameters

To export all or part of statistics into a CSV file, click on the 'Parameters' button when enabled
(i.e. if the IP Answering is not active):
When no parameters are defined, the state is:
Export is disabled

Then a new window allows defining parameters for the export process:
 Enable or disable the export process,
 The filename (.csv extension) of the export file,
 The identification of the needed connections,
 The parameters to export (up to 13).

Then press OK to validate, and a new state is displayed:

When parameters have been defined and the

export process is enabled, the state is:
Export is enabled

Note:
Do not specify the same filename to save statistics for the 'IP Generator' and the 'IP Answering'
parts. If you do so, a warning message is displayed.

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Note: The maximum number of columns handled by Excel is 255. If the number of statistics and
connections you have selected exceeds this limit of Excel, you have to restrict to the most
important statistics that you need, or to reduce the number of connections.

The statistics file is updated at the same rate than the statistics are displayed.
A special mark is added to keep special TCP and UDP events e.g. Begin and End of sending
traffic.
When you reset statistics, the displayed values and the exported values are reset.
Statistics are saved into the file as soon as the 'Start Receiving Traffic' button of the IP Answering
has been pressed and the 'Export is running' state is displayed:

When the 'Stop Receiving Traffic' button of the IP Answering has been pressed, then the export
process is automatically suspended and the following idle state is displayed:

 The 'IP Answering' statistics file format

The IP Answering statistics file is formatted line by line as follows (example):

First line: (All types of statistics available for each connection are represented here. The statistics
headers can be up to fifteen for each connection)

Tx Pkts Rx Pkts
State Tx Throughput Tx Volume Tx Packets Rx Throughput
IP Answering Throughput Throughput
Connection Connection #xx Connection Connection #xx Connection #xx
Date/Time Connection #xx Connection
#xx (Kb/s) #xx (KB) (Pkts) (Kb/s)
(Pkts/s) #xx (Pkts/s)

Remaining Volume To Data Not Seq. Num.

Rx Volume Rx Packets Jitter
Volume Send Echoed Errors
Connection Connection Connection
Connection Connection Connection Connection
#xx (KB) #xx (Pkts) #xx (ms)
#xx (KB) #xx (KB) #xx (KB) #xx

Next lines:
MM/DD/YYYY TCP or UDP
[Link] [Link] mmm mmm [Link] [Link]
HH:MM:[Link] or ICMP

mmm mmm mmm mmm mmm mmm mmm

Additional mark for TCP or UDP connection events

TCP START It indicates the corresponding connection starts. When this mark is
included in the IP Answering traces, the numerical values are set to 0.

TCP END It indicates the corresponding connection has stopped. The numerical
values are the latest values computed by IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

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Additional mark for TCP or UDP disconnection events

TCP INFO This mark indicates the reason of the disconnection if this one is not
produced by the click on “Stop receiving” button or the normal shutdown
of the traffic generation i.e. when the number of packets to send has been
reached.

When this mark is included in the IP Answering traces, the error message
returned by IP Traffic - Test & Measure is placed after the “INFO” mark.

Idle connections
When the connection is idle, no numerical values are set. The fields are empty.

Conventions
“Volume to send” and “Remaining Volume” are filled with the “N/A” symbol when the generator is
not configured with “File to send”.
“Seq. Num. Errors” and “Jitter” are filled with the “N/A” symbol until one “RTT” header is found in
the received data by the 'IP Generator' part.
“Tx Pkts Throughput” and “Rx Pkts Throughput” are filled with the “N/A” symbol when the protocol
used for the concerned connection is not UDP.

How to open this CSV file with Excel?

To open this file with Microsoft Excel, the comma should be defined as list separator (this is the
default value with English regional settings). In case of problem, click on “Start > Control Panel”
and click on “Regional and Language Options”, select an item in the list or click Customize to
define your own parameters.

How to change the date/time format?

To change the format of the date/time column, select the whole column and right click on the
column. Choose “Format Cells …”, then, in the Category list, choose “Custom”. In the “Type” area,
enter the following string: mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss.000. Using this string, the date/time format will be
changed to: 03/20/2008 09:45:50.840.

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Export an IP Answering file sample

In this example, 2 connections have been selected with all parameters exported.
For each connection, the 'IP Answering' is operating with the echoer mode.
 Connection #01 is configured with the TCP protocol
 Connection #02 is configured with the UDP protocol.

The “Refresh time” parameter is set to 2 seconds.

Tx Rx Rx Pkts Tx Rx Rx Pkts
State State
Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput
IP Answering Date/Time Connection Connection
Connection Connection Connection Connection Connection Connection
#01 #02
#01 (Kb/s) #01 (Kb/s) #01 (Pkts/s) #02 (Kb/s) #02 (Kb/s) #02 (Pkts/s)

03/20/2008 15:12:15.850 UDP START 0 0 0

03/20/2008 15:12:15.850 UDP 0 0 0
03/20/2008 15:12:17.084 TCP START 0 0 N/A UDP 0 0 0
03/20/2008 15:12:17.787 TCP 75.28 75.28 N/A UDP 77.56 77.56 6
03/20/2008 15:12:19.787 TCP 303.41 303.41 N/A UDP 305.69 305.69 26
03/20/2008 15:12:21.787 TCP 531.53 531.53 N/A UDP 533.81 533.81 46
03/20/2008 15:12:23.787 TCP 568.03 568.03 N/A UDP 568.03 568.03 49
03/20/2008 15:12:25.787 TCP 568.03 568.03 N/A UDP 570.31 570.31 50
03/20/2008 15:12:27.787 TCP 570.31 570.31 N/A UDP 570.31 570.31 50
03/20/2008 15:12:29.787 TCP 568.03 568.03 N/A UDP 570.31 570.31 50
03/20/2008 15:12:31.787 TCP 570.31 570.31 N/A UDP 568.03 568.03 49
03/20/2008 15:12:33.787 TCP 568.03 568.03 N/A UDP 568.03 568.03 49
03/20/2008 15:12:35.787 TCP 570.31 570.31 N/A UDP 568.03 568.03 49
03/20/2008 15:12:37.787 TCP 570.31 570.31 N/A UDP 572.59 572.59 50
03/20/2008 15:12:39.787 TCP 572.59 572.59 N/A UDP 572.59 572.59 50
03/20/2008 15:12:41.787 TCP 572.59 572.59 N/A UDP 572.59 572.59 50
03/20/2008 15:12:43.787 TCP 572.59 572.59 N/A UDP 570.31 570.31 50
03/20/2008 15:12:45.787 TCP 570.31 570.31 N/A UDP 570.31 570.31 50
03/20/2008 15:12:47.787 TCP 568.03 568.03 N/A UDP 568.03 568.03 49
03/20/2008 15:12:49.787 TCP 568.03 568.03 N/A UDP 570.31 570.31 50
03/20/2008 15:12:51.787 TCP 572.59 572.59 N/A UDP 572.59 572.59 50
03/20/2008 15:12:53.787 TCP 570.31 570.31 N/A UDP 570.31 570.31 50
03/20/2008 15:12:55.787 TCP 570.31 570.31 N/A UDP 570.31 570.31 50
03/20/2008 15:12:57.787 TCP 568.03 568.03 N/A UDP 568.03 568.03 49
03/20/2008 15:12:59.787 TCP 572.59 572.59 N/A UDP 570.31 570.31 50
03/20/2008 15:13:00.850 TCP 572.59 572.59 N/A UDP 570.31 570.31 50
03/20/2008 15:13:00.850 TCP END 572.59 572.59 N/A UDP 570.31 570.31 50
03/20/2008 15:13:00.912 UDP END 570.31 570.31 50

The delimiter mark used between each field is the comma character (respecting the CSV format).

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10.9 The ‘Traffic Sniffer’ tab

This tab is composed of three numbered areas:
1. Step 1: Capture parameters: traffic can be captured by IP Traffic - Test & Measure with
2 options: all IP traffic or IP traffic on connections specified by the user.
2. Step 2: Capture sniffed traffic in a file: once that capture parameters have been defined,
captured traffic may be saved in a file.
3. Step 3 (optional): Run analysis algorithm on a sniffed traffic file to generate data
traffic files: from an IP capture file, IP Traffic - Test & Measure uses an internal algorithm
to produce two traffic files used by the Replay mode of the IP Generator and of IP
Answering.

Note: IP Traffic - Test & Measure allows capturing traffic in a file.

This is used in two cases:
- For off-line statistics (see tab 5: 'Traffic Observer'): in this case, step 3 is not necessary.
- In order to replay traffic via the ‘IP Generator’: in this case, step 3 must be done.

Tab 4: “Traffic Sniffer”

Note: IP Traffic - Test & Measure allows configuring the mode to capture the data. Please refer
the DriverFilterMode entry in the registry presented in Appendix paragraph “13.3.1 General
configuration parameters”.

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10.9.1 Capture Parameters (Step 1)

Two options are available:
 All TCP and UDP unicast and/or multicast packets: IP Traffic - Test & Measure will
capture all TCP and UDP unicast packets seen by the ‘Traffic Sniffer’. This option is selected
by default.
 Use filter(s): Traffic capture is made according to user defined filters as explained below. Up to
20 filters can be specified.
Note:
With “Use filter(s)” option selected, at least one user defined filter should be selected in the list box
to be allowed to start the traffic capture.

Step 1: Capture Parameters Specification

 Create/Modify/Delete user defined filters

You can define up to 20 ‘filters’ composed of five parameters: Source IP address, Destination IP
address, Source Port number, Destination Port number and Protocol.
The command buttons “Add filter”, “Edit filter” and “Delete filter” allow adding, editing and removing
the user-defined filters. By clicking on “Add filter”, the window below appears:

Filter edition window

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Four main areas compose this window.

1. Specification of the IP version: Only IPv4, Only IPv6 or both IPv4 and IPv6
2. Specification of the “Coming …” information
a. Specification of the source IP Address or Host Name of the traffic (IPv4 or IPv6)
b. Specification of a particular source port number

3. Specification of the “And going …” information.

a. Specification of the destination IP Address or Host Name of the traffic (IPv4 or IPv6)
b. Specification of a particular destination port number

4. Specification of the protocol(s) :

a. Capture only TCP packets
b. Capture only UDP packets (including multicast traffic)
c. Capture TCP and UDP packets

Note:
Each parameter is optional. It is not necessary to specify a value. In this case, this parameter is
not used to filter packets.

Warning:
You can input different filters, but IP Traffic - Test & Measure doesn’t control the functional
coherence between the filters.

To edit a filter, select it in the list box and then press the ‘Edit filter’ button.
To delete a filter, select it in the list box and then press the ‘Delete filter’ button.

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 Select Adapters (optional)

By clicking on the “Select Adapters” button, the window below opens. By default, if your machine
contains more than one network card, IP Traffic Sniffer driver pools all of the network cards and
captures all packets. This polling capacity can be greedy for resource. If it is not necessary, up to
one network card could be specified.

Adapter’s selection window

Note:
When loading a context, if the interface in this context saved can not be found, IP Traffic - Test &
Measure selects the first interface available to replace the one saved.
10.9.2 Capture sniffed traffic into a file (Step 2)
Once that capture parameters have been defined in the previous area, you must define a capture
file. The command buttons “Start” and “Stop” allow starting and stopping the traffic capture.

Step 2: Capture traffic control panel

During the capture process, information is displayed in the “Traffic overview during capture” object
(statistics if available).
“Save only the headers of the captured packets (Data are not saved)” check box: if checked,
only the packet headers are saved (thus significantly reducing the size of the capture file) but you
will be not able to use this file for the step 3.
“Automatic refresh mode” check box: allows refreshing display in the “Traffic overview during
capture” object.
“Enable automatic start and stop in ‘Local operation’ check box: if checked, the “Start all
processes” button of the “Local operation” will launch automatically the ‘Traffic Sniffer’.

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10.9.3 Run analysis algorithm (Step 3)

In step 2, the capture process has generated a capture traffic file.
Warning:
The aim of step 3 is to splits the captured data into two files. These two files are ONLY used by the
IP Traffic Replay Mode available on the IP Generator and IP Answering parts. If you don’t need to
replay the traffic captured you keep time by avoiding reading this paragraph.

You specify a capture traffic file name in the “Input traffic file” object and two output files.
Note:
The “Input traffic file” must contain data (see Step 2). The Step 3 can’t use the files containing
only headers.
This file contains IP frames with different IP source addresses and IP source destinations.
The goal is to find in the input traffic file the communication entities (IP Generator and IP
Answering) and to produce two traffic files to replay. An internal IP Traffic - Test & Measure
algorithm analyzes IP frames from the Input traffic file and produces the two traffic files named
“Output data traffic file1 to replay after processing” and “Output data traffic file2 to replay
after processing”. The extension of these files must be “.dtr” (data to replay). This is an owner
format used only by the IP Generator and IP Answering parts. This algorithm reassembles the
fragmented packets before dispatching them in the two files. It is able to handle up to 50 fragments
to reassemble a packet.
When you press the “Start” button, the following window is displayed:

You should select connections to consider (addresses + protocol and ports) and then press the
“Process with selection” button.
After processing, the object “Synthesis after processing“ displays statistics information about
generated files and connections.

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10.10 The ‘Traffic Observer’ tab

This fifth tab allows:
 Visualizing statistics and graphs for different parameters: IP throughput, Inter packet delay,
Packet Erasure Rate quality (PER quality) and Packet transit delay,
 Downloading remote statistics traffic files,
 Analyzing off-line traffic,
 Exporting the statistics into a file.

The tab is divided into three main areas:

 The central area displays graphs and values,
 The right area contains objects and command buttons to select parameters to display,
 The bottom area is composed of four blocks:
- Remote (statistics) traffic files: to download statistics traffic files from the remote, in
order to do off-line statistic analysis.
- Off-line traffic analysis: to do off-line analysis. It is necessary to have a local statistic
traffic file and a remote statistic traffic file (downloaded via the previous area).
- Index (on-line or off-line): one index is a marker set by the user that is used during off-
line analysis for graphics display.
- Export statistics: you can define statistic parameters to export in a CSV file and Start /
Stop the export process.

Tab 5: Traffic Observer (on-line mode)

Note:
Values and statistics displayed in this tab are calculated at the ‘time’ point of reference (see IP
Traffic - Test & Measure architecture in paragraph “11.2.1 Reference points to compute the
statistics”) i.e. under the TCP/IP protocol stack.

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10.10.1 IP Traffic - Test & Measure: On-line and Off-line modes for statistics

When IP Traffic - Test & Measure is operating (‘IP Generator’ is active and/or ‘IP Answering’ is
active), this mode is named on-line. On-line statistics are displayed in the following tabs:
- ‘IP Generator – Traffic + statistics’: statistics area,
- ‘IP Answering – Parameters + statistics’: statistics area,
- ‘Traffic Observer’: statistics area, but all parameters are not displayed: PER (Packet Erasure
Rate) and Packet transit delay need remote information to be computed.
By using the “Traffic Sniffer” tab, a capture traffic file can be defined (see “10.9.2 Capture sniffed
traffic into a file (Step 2)”) to save traffic that would be used in the off-line mode. Both file formats
(With Data or Headers only) can be used for Off-line calculation.

On-Line mode

You can switch between the off-line and on-line mode by using the Yes / No radio button.

Off-Line mode

Off-line mode is defined as a state where all IP Traffic - Test & Measure activity is stopped (‘IP
Generator’, ‘IP Answering’ and ‘Traffic Sniffer’ are stopped). In this mode, only the “Traffic
Observer” tab is available. All other tabs are inhibited.
In order to analyze traffic files and obtain all statistics, the user must first download a traffic file
from the remote. IP Traffic - Test & Measure uses two traffic files to do off-line statistics analysis:
a ‘local’ traffic file (generated by the ‘Traffic Sniffer’) and a downloaded ‘remote’ traffic file
(generated by the remote ‘Traffic Sniffer’).

Note:
A red color for objects or command buttons in the 'Traffic Observer' tab means that these items are
only available in the off-line mode.

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10.10.2 Objects and command buttons

All objects and command buttons on the right and at the bottom of the ‘Traffic Observer’ tab are
explained here.

 On the right of the ‘Traffic Observer’ tab

This choice allows selecting display connections for the ‘IP

Generator’ or the “IP Answering” module. So, the user can switch
simply to see statistics for the 16 ‘IP Generator’ connections and the
16 ‘IP Answering’ connections.

You can define different scale factors for the Transmit (Tx) and the Receive (Rx) graphs, and one
value for the time scale.

Triggers are used for graphics displays (see

statistics display below). The command button
“Triggers Parameters” opens a dialog window
where user defines 2 triggers (low and high)
according to the parameters: IP throughput, Inter
packet delay, PER and Packet transit delay. The
command buttons “Start Triggers” and “Stop
Triggers” allow enabling or disabling the defined
triggers.
When a parameter is lower or upper than the
threshold defined, counters are incremented in
the graphic area. Triggers are displayed in red
color.

Parameters for the triggers

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The statistics display area allows choosing a display item:

On-line mode Off-line mode

 Values: a values table (6 parameters for each

connection with Tx and Rx values) is displayed
(on-line and off-line),

 Graphics: select first 1 or all connections and

then the parameter to display:
- IP Throughput (on-line and off-line),
- Inter Packet Delay (on-line and off-line),
- Packet Transit Delay (off-line only),
- PER (Packet Erasure Rate) quality (off-line
only)

 Packet Statistics: off-line only and when traffic

files have been previously loaded and
processed.

The command button “Reset statistics” resets all statistics values

displayed whatever the statistics display item is selected (see
above).
The command button “Help” displays a help window explaining all
functionalities and commands for the 'Traffic Observer' tab.

 In the lower part of the ‘Traffic Observer’ tab

The command button “Download...” is used to download remote

traffic files generated by IP Traffic - Test & Measure (via the ‘Traffic
Sniffer’).
To calculate off-line statistics for all parameters, IP Traffic - Test &
Measure uses 2 traffic files generated by the ‘Traffic Sniffer’ (see
step 2 in the ‘Traffic Sniffer’ tab): a local traffic file and a remote
traffic file.

The command buttons of the “Off-line

traffic analysis” area are used in off-line
mode to display values and statistics from
traffic files.
 “Process files...”: to select two traffic files (a local traffic file and a remote traffic file
downloaded via the previous “Download...” command button by example).
 “Play >”: IP Traffic - Test & Measure replays the local traffic file at the beginning (selected via
the previous “Process Files...” command) according to timing contained in the file.
 “Play >>”: idem “Play >” with a quick replay speed.
 “Pause”: traffic replay is halted. You can continue replay traffic with “Play >” or “Play >>”.
 “Stop”: ends traffic replay.

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The “Play >”, “Play >>” and “Stop” buttons are enabled once that traffic files have been analyzed
via the “Process files…” button (see further in this paragraph).
The “Play >” or “Play >>” buttons
are replaced by “>” and “>>” after
the user has pressed “Pause” for
the first time.

The command buttons of the “Index (On-

line or Off-line)” area are used to manage
display index (or markers) in graphic
displays for the off-line mode. These
buttons are used:
- To add and remove index,
- To help the user to navigate when
displaying off-line traffic analysis.

 “Next >”: the current position in the traffic file to analyze is set to the next display index set by
the user.
 “Add”: adds a display index at the current position.
 “XX/YY”: displays the actual XX index number (YY is the total number of indexes set by the
user).
 “Remove”: removes the current displayed index.
 “Remove all”: removes all displayed indexes.
The “Export statistics” area allows exporting in a CSV file the
statistics values calculated by IP Traffic - Test & Measure with
the filter parameters defined by the user.
You define first the export filters and filename by using the
command button “Parameters”. The export filters allow
selecting: connection(s) and parameter(s). The statistics export
file is a CSV file.
The command buttons “Start” and “Stop” allow starting and
stopping the export statistics process in the user-defined file.

Parameters to export statistics

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Filename
The statistics are saved in the specified CSV file accordingly to parameters described below.
Connections to export:
Include total statistics
If checked, the following parameters are saved in the file for the ‘IP Generator’ and the ‘IP
Answering’ modules (see the file format explained in the next paragraph).
[Total Throughput Tx] [Total Throughput Rx] [Total Inter packet delay Tx] [Total Inter packet delay
Rx] [Total PER Tx] [Total PER Rx] [Total Transit delay Tx] [Total Transit delay Rx]
where the term total is used as the sum of values for connections selected by user. Tx is used as
Transmit and Rx as Receive.
‘All’ or ‘None’
These buttons select all the connections or none.
Connections subset
Select the needed connections in order to save statistics for these connections.
Parameters to export:
Select the parameter you want to save as statistics.
Enable automatic export in ‘Local operation’ check box
If checked, the “Run all processes” button of the “Local operation” will launch automatically the
export of statistics in the file according to parameters defined in the above window.

Note: Only up to 255 columns can be exported in the statistics file. It’s impossible to select all
statistics for all connections. A warning message is display if this limit is reached.

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Format of the statistics file

The general format is defined for one line in the file (with the comma character as delimiter) as:
<Location (if GPS operational)> <Date/Time> [< Total statistics for the IP Generator>]
<Connections Statistics for the IP Generator> [< Total statistics for the IP Answering>]
<Connections Statistics for the IP Answering>
[< Total statistics for the IP Generator>] and [< Total statistics for the IP Answering>] are included if
the ‘Include total statistics’ check box has been checked.
<Total statistics for the ...> is structured as follows:
[Total Throughput Tx] [Total Throughput Rx] [Total Inter packet delay Tx] [Total Inter packet delay
Rx] [Total PER Tx] [Total PER Rx] [Total Transit delay Tx] [Total Transit delay Rx]
where the term total is used for the sum or the total of connections saved in the file, and Tx =
Transmit, Rx= Receive.
<Connections Statistics for the IP Generator> or <Connections Statistics for the IP Answering> are
structured as follows for a connection:
[#nn Throughput Tx] [#nn Throughput Rx] [#nn Inter packet delay Tx] [#nn Inter packet delay Rx]
[#nn PER Tx] [#nn PER Rx] [#nn Transit delay Tx] [#nn Transit delay Rx]
These fields are present depending of the parameter(s) selected:
- IP Throughput
- Inter packet delay
- PER quality
- Packet transit delay

Note:
It is recommended to define carefully the parameters to use; otherwise, the number of columns in
the file can be high (and an application like Excel may have problems to import this file).
The ‘Include total statistics’ generate 16 columns per line (8 columns for the 'IP Generator' and '8
columns' for the IP Answering)
When you select the 4 parameters to export (IP Throughput, Inter packet delay, PER quality and
packet transit delay), that generates 16 columns to export for each connection (2 columns Rx and
Tx per parameter = 8 columns for the 'IP Generator' and 8 columns for the 'IP Answering'). When
16 connections are selected, that generates 16 x 16 = 256 columns.

The following example has been generated for connection # 1 by using:

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View of the generated file (by Excel):

IP Generator - IP Generator - IP Answering - IP Answering -
#01 #01 #01 #01
Location Date / Time
Throughput Tx Throughput Rx Throughput Tx Throughput Rx
(Kb/s) (Kb/s) (Kb/s) (Kb/s)
03/20/2008 10:05:32 585.37 7.80 7150.11 6724.68
03/20/2008 10:05:33 585.37 7.80 34786.69 35534.52
03/20/2008 10:05:34 575.34 7.83 47907.98 48467.63
03/20/2008 10:05:35 585.94 7.50 38407.81 39074.06
03/20/2008 10:05:36 573.66 7.80 47592.21 48103.96
03/20/2008 10:05:37 585.94 7.81 38394.09 39121.09
03/20/2008 10:05:38 573.66 7.80 43840.07 44810.15
03/20/2008 10:05:39 575.34 7.51 38888.61 39524.54
03/20/2008 10:05:40 574.22 7.81 45008.19 45548.91
03/20/2008 10:05:41 585.94 7.81 39250.31 39998.91
03/20/2008 10:05:42 573.66 7.80 47448.26 48630.01
03/20/2008 10:05:43 574.78 7.51 40484.63 41211.65
03/20/2008 10:05:44 585.37 7.80 46030.45 46680.51
03/20/2008 10:05:45 574.78 7.82 38802.36 39085.05
03/20/2008 10:05:46 585.94 7.81 43434.16 44418.28
03/20/2008 10:05:47 562.50 7.81 45220.88 46275.47
03/20/2008 10:05:48 562.50 7.50 47115.25 48163.28
03/20/2008 10:05:49 561.95 7.80 47547.44 48164.68
03/20/2008 10:05:50 585.94 7.81 44028.91 44662.66
03/20/2008 10:05:51 574.78 7.51 40255.09 40881.64
03/20/2008 10:05:52 573.66 7.80 46573.20 47739.16
03/20/2008 10:05:53 574.22 7.50 37604.41 37977.81
03/20/2008 10:05:54 586.51 7.82 49914.37 50371.54
03/20/2008 10:05:55 573.66 7.80 37785.75 38784.15
03/20/2008 10:05:56 574.22 7.81 46445.88 47119.38
03/20/2008 10:05:57 574.22 7.50 44737.72 45502.97
03/20/2008 10:05:58 574.78 7.82 46436.63 47073.00
03/20/2008 10:05:59 539.06 7.19 42642.66 43495.94
…. …. …. …. …. ….
Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6

The columns 3 and 4 refer to the 'IP Generator' part and columns 5 and 6 to the 'IP Answering'
part.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

 The “Process Files …” command button

This button is enabled only with the

Off-line mode. It allows sniffed traffic
files to replay. Once pressed, the
following window is displayed:

In order to proceed, you must input a local sniffed traffic file in (A) and a remote sniffed traffic file in
(B).
The “(A) < --- > (B)” button inverts the (A) and (B) filenames.
Note:
(A) will be used as reference to find the packet synchronization between these two files and to
compute the statistics (for example, lost packets and the transit delay).

Once files have been selected, then you can press the “Start Analysis” button and a new window is
displayed:

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Three steps are defined in this window:

- Step 1: scanning of the selected files in order to display the TCP and UDP connections
found.

- Step 2: once a couple of IP addresses or connections for a couple of IP addresses have

been selected by using the step 1, you can specify one or more criteria in order to search
the synchronization between these two files.

- Step 3: once the synchronization has been found in the step 2, you can now start the
analysis in order to play these traffic files via the Traffic Observer off-line mode and
compute the “Packet Statistics”.

To proceed, you must first do the Step 1 by pressing the “Start Scan” button. This scan allows
display of couples of IP addresses found in these files and for each couple the number of
connections and packets.

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An example is given below by using two traffic files provided with the IP Traffic - Test & Measure
software: These sniffed traffic files have been generated with the following configuration:

PC # A PC # B
[Link] [Link]
1 UDP connection
Port = 2011

IP Network
with impairments

Port = 2010
IP Traffic 1 TCP connection IP Traffic
« Sniffer » « Sniffer »

File Sample1_PC#[Link] File Sample1_PC#[Link]

Step 1

For each file, a descriptive is given with the following description when the scan is complete:

<Couple of IP addresses> (<Number of packets> – <Number of connections>)

where:
<Couple of IP addresses> = Source IP address  Destination IP address
<Number of packets> = number of packets found in the file for this couple of addresses
<Number of connections> = number of connections found in the file for this couple of
addresses

So, you can examine easily the (A) and (B) file overviews in order to choose for analysis a specific
couple of IP addresses or connection(s) for a couple of IP addresses.
For (B), two additional buttons are available ‘Collapse’ and ‘Expand’.

As a sniffed traffic file may content a huge number of connections with for example IP address
translation between the two files, you can examine the overview of these two files and decide

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

which couple of IP addresses to consider or select one or more connections for a couple of IP
addresses.
The selection can only be made on (A) which is used as reference.
Once selection is made, then the Step 2 is enabled.

Step 2
The Step 2 is aimed to find the synchronization between the two files by using up to 6 criteria:
- Source IP address
- Source Port Number
- Destination IP address
- Destination Port Number
- Identification number (corresponding to the Identification field of the IP header)
- Hash Code (MD5 Algorithm), available on the captured traffic files generated since the
version 2.4.0 of IP Traffic - Test & Measure. This Hash Code is based on the IP data
payload.
The Hash Code is very useful to identify the packets captured for example on mobile or
satellite networks. In this case, packets can go through a NAT. So the IP addresses and the
IP Identifier may be replaced. If the port numbers are changed too, the Hash Code can’t be
used anymore to identify the packets.

Note: at least one criterion must be selected.

Once you have defined one or more criteria, press the “Start Scan’ button to run the search for
synchronization.
During this process, the ‘Status’ field indicates statistics on the number of combinations analyzed.
At the end, this field is updated with the result of the search synchronization (see examples below).

Synchronization
found:

Synchronization
not found:

If the synchronization is not found, you should modify the search criteria and then retry.
Remark: for example, if the receiving IP traffic system is behind a gateway that translates the
source IP addresses, don’t use the ‘Source IP address’ criterion.

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In this example, we obtain the following results:

When the synchronization is found (for example the packet #2 of the file (A) has been found in the
file (B) as packet #2 for the search criteria defined), the Step 3 is enabled.

Note:
if needed you can modify the search criteria or change the selection made in step 1. In this case,
you have to re-start the synchronization process
How does it work?
For packet #i in the file (A), a search is made in the file (B) by applying the user defined criteria
defined. The search uses a depth parameter (DEPTHFORPACKETANALYSIS) in order to limit
the processing time. If success, the synchronization is found and computing is stopped, else the
following packet #i+1 is considered for the next search up to the end of file (A) if necessary. If no
synchronization is found, the search is restarted but made, for each packet #i, in the whole file (B).

Step 3
You can now run the Step 3 by pressing the “Start Analysis” button n order to calculate the packet
statistics (number of lost packets, transit delay for each packet and total statistics).

As soon as processing is started, the number of packets analyzed is displayed with the percentage
already done.
How does it work?
For packet #i in the file (A), the search is made in the file (B) by applying the user defined criteria
defined in the Step 2. As the packet #i can be received fragmented or desequenced, the search
uses a depth parameter (DEPTHFORPACKETANALYSIS) in order to limit the processing time.
This process is applied to all packets contained in the two files in order to find the lost packets and
to calculate the transit delay between the two endpoints (A) and (B).
A packet is considered LOST in a source file if the search in the target file has failed on a
depth relative to the previous packet found in the target file.

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The depth is defined by the DEPTHFORPACKETANALYSIS parameter located in the Registry

and valued by default to 500. To modify the DEPTHFORPACKETANALYSIS parameter located in
the Registry, you must use the Registry Editor (run ‘regedit’).
The based key to access this parameter is: \\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\ZTI\IPTraffic\Settings.
Moreover, this algorithm reassembles the fragmented packets before dispatching them in the two
files. It is able to handle up to 50 fragments to reassemble a packet.

Warning:
Once you have changed the value, you have to quit and re-start the IP Traffic - Test & Measure
software in order IP Traffic - Test & Measure takes into account the new value.

At the end of process, the number of packets analyzed is given and a synthesis is displayed:
- Couple of IP addresses selected
- Number of packets found corresponding to the search criteria defined in the Step 2
- Number of UDP connections found
- Number of TDP connections found
- Replay traffic duration (useful if you want to play these sniffed traffic files via the Traffic
Observer)

Note:
In this example, 25,022 packets have been analyzed (in fact 12,514 for file (A) and 12,514 for file
(B)) and 12,514 packets match the search criteria.

You can then press OK to quit this window and come back to the previous window as shown
below:

In this window, the synthesis is reminded. You can now press OK to quit the Off-line analysis.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

The packet statistics can be viewed directly by using the

Packet Statistics option of the Statistics display object.

With our example, we obtain the following results:

More information on the ‘Packet Statistics’ object is explained further in this chapter.

Note:
If the captures have been realized without Time Device and zClock system, the values showed in
the “delay” column are close to the definition of the jitter. Why? The first packet found in the both
files allows realizing the synchronization. IP Traffic - Test & Measure compares the two
timestamps to calculate the delta time between the transmitting and the receiving of the packet.
Then, this delta time is added or suppressed to each transit delay calculated for each packet. That
is why the result is close to a variation of the transit delay and so close to the jitter notion.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

10.10.3 Values and statistics display

You can select six statistics displays via the “Statistics Display”
object:
- Values
- 4 graphs:
 IP Throughput
 Inter Packet Delay
 PER (Packet Erasure Rate) quality
 Packet Transit Delay
- Packet Statistics

Before, you must select the 'IP Generator' or the 'IP Answering' part
via:

Note: switching between “IP Generator” and “IP Answering” can be done at any
time.

 Statistics display = Values

A value table is displayed as below (on-line example):

For each connection (from 1 to 16), the following 6 parameters (and for each parameter, Tx =
Transmit and Rx = Receive) are displayed in 3 distinct areas:
Area 1 - IP address, Port number and protocol
Area 2 - Four parameters (available on-line and off-line):
 IP throughput snapshot (immediate value),
 IP throughput average,
 UDP or TCP throughput,

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 Inter packet delay.

Area 3 - Two parameters (only available off-line):
 PER quality (Packet Erasure Rate),
 Packet transit delay.
In the Off-line mode, we have the following display, where a new object is defined: “Off-line
duration information”. This object is used to indicate time of playing traffic files.

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 Statistics display = Graphics

IP Traffic - Test & Measure allows displaying four graphics for the following parameters:
 IP throughput (immediate value): on-line and off-line,
 Inter packet delay: on-line and off-line,
 PER quality: only off-line,
 Packet Transit Delay: only off-line.
When you select a graphic, the following view is displayed:

Example where all curves are displayed for all parameters

On the right area of the graphic display: ‘Statistical law to display’ and ‘Other parameters’

Select one or many statistic laws to display. The mechanism is

based on an ON/OFF button command (the red color indicates
that the curve is displayed):
 Average (1 curve)
 Standard deviation (1 curve)
 Confidence distance (2 curves)

Select the other parameter(s) to display on the same graphic by

pressing one or more buttons as shown on left.
These ON/OFF command buttons allow adding graphical display
for the other parameters not currently displayed. Up to 3
parameters may be added to the current parameter. So, you can
see on the same graphic simultaneous displays of the 4
parameters.

Notes:
PER (Packet Erasure Rate) quality and Packet Transit Delay are only available with the off-line
mode.

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Time base scale for additional parameter to display is identical to the time base scale of the current
parameter.

Formulas used for the statistical laws:

n

x i

 Average m: m  i 1

n
n

x
2
i
 Standard deviation  :   v (with variance v defined as: v  i 1
 m2 )
n
 Confidence distance: 95.45 % of the values are between m  2  and m  2  .

In the graphic display area: amplitude and time scales

The following buttons allow entering values for the “Amplitude scale factor” and the “Time base
scale” necessary to display the different curve(s).

(Transmit part) (Receive part)

=====>

When you change values during processing, the graphic is automatically updated with the new
values.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

 Statistics Display = Packet Statistics

This display is only available off-line if sniffed traffic files have been already processed.
The two columns “Computer A ==> Computer B” and “Computer B ==> Computer A” display all IP
packets exchanged and show if packets have been lost or received.
For each part, a synthesis is calculated and shown just under the packets list.

Description of the column headers for the packets list

Time (UTC): in this column different symbols are used.
 the ‘’ (clock) symbol indicates that the absolute time reference is not available in one of
the two traffic capture files used. In such case, IP Traffic - Test & Measure considers that
the packet transit delay is valued to 0 for the first packet. For the following packets, the
transit delay value is calculated by using the first packet as reference. Therefore, the
calculated value for these packets corresponds to the time transit variation in relation to this
first packet.
 the ‘PC’ symbol indicates that the PC clock has been used to timestamp the packet.
 the ‘GPS’ symbol is used when the GPS time was available to timestamp the packet. The
GPS time can be provided by the z100, z200 or z300 Time Device.

Status: 2 states: LOST(*) or Sent (meaning that the packet has been sent and received).

Note:
You can navigate from one LOST packet to another one in the (A) or (B) file by double-clicking the
left button of your mouse.

Transit in ms (accuracy): time expressed in milliseconds for the packet transit delay and
precision of the measure in brackets. Three values can be displayed for the accuracy:
- (?) The question-mask means that the software cannot define the accuracy of the
measurement because time stamping of packets in the source and the target files has not been
done with an absolute time reference (use of one of the Time Device i.e. z100, z200 or z300)
and a precise clock. This case is encountered in particular when the PC clock has been used
to timestamp the sent or received packets.

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- (±5) More or less five means that the accuracy is less than or equal to 5 milliseconds. This
accuracy is obtained via the use of the z100/z200 GPS Time Device delivering an absolute
time reference.
- (±1) More or less one means that the accuracy is less than or equal to 1 millisecond. This
accuracy is obtained via the use of:
o the z100/z200 GPS Time Device delivering an absolute time reference and via the
zClock product delivering a very precise clock.
o the z300 NTP Time Server delivering an absolute time reference.

Ports: xxxx-yyyy with xxxx = source port number and yyyy= destination port number

IP size (protocol): IP size is the size of the IP packet (including the IP header) and (protocol) is
the protocol used (TCP or UDP).

Description of the column headers for the synthesis

Port  Port (Protocol): indicates the Source Port number and the Destination Port number of the
connection.
Packets: number of packets found for this connection.
Lost: number of LOST(*) packets for this connection.
%Lost: percentage of LOST(*) packets.
Transit Delay: average of the transit delay calculated for all packets of the connection.
Jitter: average of the jitter values calculated for all packets of the connection (please refer to
“ Calculation of statistics displayed in the synthesis of the “Packets Statistics” tab” to get more
details on jitter calculation).
TCP Retransmission: number of TCP packets retransmitted
LOST(*): see the “Process Files…” button description above for the definition of a lost packet.
All these results can be saved in a file by using the “Save…’ button as shown in the following
example in a text format.
This file is saved as a .txt file. Then it has been formatted using Excel (import is made with the tab
as separator). Only a few lines have been selected to illustrate.
Reference time SYN represents the synchronization point.
PC indicates that the PC clock has been used to timestamp this
packet.
Status Indicates that this packet has been ‘Sent’ or ‘LOST’.
Transit in ms (accuracy) Packet transit delay expressed in milliseconds.
(?) means that the accuracy of the measure cannot be defined.

Note:
If the sniffed traffic files contain GPS location, the location is exported into the statistics file. Two
columns are created. The first one is the GPS location of the computer when it sends the packet
and the second one is the GPS location when the other computer receives the packet.

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Note:
The column "Transit Delay" available for the list of packets and for the synthesis means:
- a transit delay if the PCs have been synchronized using one of the Time Device i.e. z100, z200 or
z300
- or a transit delay variation in the other cases. In this case, the first delay is not available: it is the
reference time to calculate the delta time between both PCs. IP Traffic adds/subtracts the delta
time to the other delays calculated. The result value is a transit delay variation in millisecond.
However, it isn't a jitter in the sense that the delay variation refers to the first packet of the list
where the jitter refers to the previous packet.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

Computer A is: [Link] - Computer B is: [Link]

Synthesis for Computer A

Connection(Protocol) Packets Lost % Lost Delay Jitter TCP Retransmission
Total Computer A 7508 5 0% 122 ms 1 ms 0
2010 -> 1053 (TCP) 2508 0 0% 0 ms 0 ms 0
1064 -> 2011 (UDP) 5000 5 0% 184 ms 1 ms N/A

Computer A ==> Computer B

Transit in
Location of Location of Source Destination IP
Reference time Time (UTC) Status ms (protocol) Identifier
Computer A Computer B Port Port size
(accuracy)
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
38.03" Lon - 37.94" Lon -
3° 28' 21.11" 3° 28' 20.71"
21:55:03.559 Sent 180 (± 5) 1064 2011 1488 (UDP) x9567
Alt 121 Alt 122
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
GPS m/s m/s
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
38.03" Lon - 37.94" Lon -
3° 28' 21.11" 3° 28' 20.71"
21:55:03.579 Sent 180 (± 5) 1064 2011 1488 (UDP) x9568
Alt 121 Alt 122
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
GPS m/s m/s
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
38.03" Lon - 37.94" Lon -
3° 28' 21.11" 3° 28' 20.71"
21:55:03.598 Sent 171 (± 5) 1064 2011 1488 (UDP) x9569
Alt 121 Alt 122
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
GPS m/s m/s
… … … … … … … … … … …
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
37.99" Lon - 37.96" Lon -
3° 28' 20.99" 3° 28' 20.76"
21:56:36.804 Sent 185 (± 5) 1064 2011 1488 (UDP) xAD1F
Alt 122 Alt 122
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
GPS m/s m/s
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
37.99" Lon - 37.96" Lon -
3° 28' 20.99" 3° 28' 20.76"
21:56:36.826 Sent 183 (± 5) 1064 2011 1488 (UDP) xAD20
Alt 122 Alt 122
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
GPS m/s m/s
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
37.99" Lon - 37.96" Lon -
3° 28' 20.99" 3° 28' 20.76"
21:56:36.837 Sent 1 (± 5) 2010 1053 40 (TCP) xAD21
Alt 122 Alt 122
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
GPS m/s m/s
Lat +48° 44'
37.99" Lon -
3° 28' 20.99"
21:56:36.845 LOST ... 1064 2011 1488 (UDP) xAD22
Alt 122
Speed 0.000
PC m/s
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
37.99" Lon - 37.96" Lon -
3° 28' 20.99" 3° 28' 20.76"
21:56:36.867 Sent 182 (± 5) 1064 2011 1488 (UDP) xAD23
Alt 122 Alt 122
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
GPS m/s m/s
… … … … … … … … … … …

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 10 Using IP Traffic - Test & Measure

Synthesis for Computer B

Connection(Protocol) Packets Lost % Lost Delay Jitter TCP Retransmission
Total Computer B 5007 4 0% 1 ms 0 ms 4
1053 -> 2010 (TCP) 5007 4 0% 1 ms 0 ms 4
1053 -> 2010 (TCP) 5007 4 0% 1 ms 0 ms 4

Computer B ==> Computer A

Transit in
Location of Location of Source Destination IP
Reference time Time (UTC) Status ms (protocol) Identifier
Computer B Computer A Port Port size
(accuracy)
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
37.94" Lon - 38.03" Lon -
3° 28' 20.71" 3° 28' 21.11"
GPS 21:55:20.725 Sent 1 (± 5) 1053 2010 48 (TCP) x3D21
Alt 122 Alt 121
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
m/s m/s
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
37.94" Lon - 38.03" Lon -
3° 28' 20.71" 3° 28' 21.11"
GPS 21:55:20.726 Sent 1 (± 5) 1053 2010 40 (TCP) x3D22
Alt 122 Alt 121
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
m/s m/s
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
37.94" Lon - 38.03" Lon -
3° 28' 20.71" 3° 28' 21.11"
GPS 21:55:20.728 Sent 3 (± 5) 1053 2010 1500 (TCP) x3D23
Alt 122 Alt 121
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
m/s m/s
… … … … … … … … … … …
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
37.94" Lon - 38.01" Lon -
3° 28' 20.72" 3° 28' 21.05"
GPS 21:55:56.395 Sent 2 (± 5) 1053 2010 1500 (TCP) x43A7
Alt 121 Alt 122
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
m/s m/s
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
37.94" Lon - 38.01" Lon -
3° 28' 20.72" 3° 28' 21.05"
GPS 21:55:56.415 Sent 1 (± 5) 1053 2010 1500 (TCP) x43A8
Alt 121 Alt 122
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
m/s m/s
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
37.94" Lon - 38.01" Lon -
3° 28' 20.72" 3° 28' 21.05"
GPS 21:55:56.435 Sent 2 (± 5) 1053 2010 1500 (TCP) x43A9
Alt 121 Alt 122
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
m/s m/s
Lat +48° 44'
37.94" Lon -
3° 28' 20.72"
PC 21:55:56.455 LOST ... 1053 2010 1500 (TCP) x43AA
Alt 121
Speed 0.000
m/s
Lat +48° 44' Lat +48° 44'
37.94" Lon - 38.01" Lon -
3° 28' 20.72" 3° 28' 21.05"
GPS 21:55:56.475 Sent 2 (± 5) 1053 2010 1500 (TCP) x43AB
Alt 121 Alt 122
Speed 0.000 Speed 0.000
m/s m/s
… … … … … … … … … … …

Four examples are shown more precisely in the PART 14 “Examples of sniffed traffic files” at the
end of this user guide.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 11 Calculation Mode for the Statistics

PART 11 Calculation Mode for the Statistics

11.1 Introduction
IP Traffic - Test & Measure allows calculating a set of statistics associated to every part of this
tool:
 IP Generator
 IP Answering
 Traffic Sniffer
 Traffic Observer

The statistics can be calculated on-line (real time mode) or off-line (differed time).
The off-line mode requires the analysis of two sniffed traffic files (the local traffic file and the remote
traffic file sent back on the local machine) and allows calculating parameters such as the PER
quality (Packet Erasure Rate) and the packet transit delay.
A sniffed traffic file is captured by the “Traffic Sniffer” module (with filters customizable by the user)
which stores on hard disk and timestamps all the IP frames sent and received.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 11 Calculation Mode for the Statistics

11.2 Statistics computed by IP Traffic - Test & Measure

11.2.1 Reference points to compute the statistics

Web browser IP applications

FTP
IP Traffic
‘Applicative’ point of reference
(used by IP Traffic to calculate
TCP UDP statistics in the generator and
answering modules)
IP
‘Time’ point of reference (sniffer)
(used by the sniffer to timestamp
Drivers IP packets sent and received)
+
access products
Ethernet
Cellular
ISDN Wireless
ATM PSTN Satellite

IP Traffic - Test & Measure uses two points of reference.

 ‘Applicative’ point of reference
In the ‘IP Generator’ and the ‘IP Answering’ modules, the statistics (e.g. throughput, RTT,...) are
calculated at the application level (above the TCP/IP stack). These statistics refer to data sent or
received by IP Traffic - Test & Measure, and are independent of the protocol used (TCP or UDP).
Illustration: the ‘Tx Throughput’ parameter displayed in the « IP Generator – Traffic +
Statistics » tab for each active IP connection, is computed by using the following formula:
data volume sent on the IP connection during the last seconds (defined by the ‘Throughput
sampling period’ – this parameter is defined in the following paragraph and represents the
sampling period of the throughput. The transmitted volume of data corresponds to the sum
of the packet size sent at the WinSock2 interface (i.e. the ‘Applicative’ point of reference).
 ‘Time’ point of reference
The Traffic Sniffer uses this point of reference in order to timestamp IP packets sent and received.
Timestamp of packets is made at the nearest of the physical link (under the TCP/IP stack).
Therefore, IP Traffic - Test & Measure can identify lost and retransmitted IP packets. The values
and statistics of the ‘Traffic Observer’ tab use this point of reference.
Illustration: the ‘IP Throughput snapshot’ parameter presented in this tab and valued for
each active IP connection, is calculated according to the following formula: volume of data
sent on the connection during the last second. The volume of data sent corresponds to the
sum of IP datagram with regard to the driver access except the IP header. At this level, one
sees really the totality of the transmitted data whatever the protocol used (for example, TCP
packets retransmission participate in the volume of data transmitted).

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 11 Calculation Mode for the Statistics

11.2.2 Statistics description

This paragraph lists all statistics calculated by IP Traffic - Test & Measure for the different parts.
On-line statistics are blue colored and statistics only available off-line are red colored.

 “IP Generator – Traffic + Statistics” tab

 Tx Throughput
 Rx Throughput
 Tx Packets Throughput
 Rx Packets Throughput
 Tx Packets
 Rx Packets
 Tx Volume
 Rx Volume
 Jitter
 Volume to send
 Remaining volume
 Seq. numb errors (sequence numbering errors)
 Mean RTT (Round Trip Time)
 Min RTT
 Max RTT
 RTT summary (Minimum, Maximum and Mean RTT based on all RTT values calculated)

 “IP Answering – Parameters + Statistics” tab

 Tx Throughput
 Rx Throughput
 Tx Packets Throughput
 Rx Packets Throughput
 Tx Packets
 Rx Packets
 Tx Volume
 Rx Volume
 Jitter
 Volume to send
 Remaining volume
 Seq. numb errors (sequence numbering errors)
 Data not echoed

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 11 Calculation Mode for the Statistics

 The 'Traffic Observer' tab

With the on-line mode, the ‘Statistics display’ object displays the following parameters:
 Table of values (if ‘Statistics display’ = values):
 IP throughput snapshot
 IP throughput average
 UDP or TCP throughput
 Inter packet delay
 Graph: IP Throughput with the statistical laws average, standard deviation and confidence
distance
 Graph: Inter packet delay with the statistical laws average, standard deviation and
confidence distance
With the off-line mode, the ‘Statistics display’ object displays the following parameters:
 Table of values (if ‘Statistics display’ = values):
 IP throughput snapshot
 IP throughput average
 UDP or TCP throughput
 Inter packet delay
 Packet Erasure Rate (PER)
 Packet Transit Delay
 Graph: IP Throughput with the statistical laws average, standard deviation and confidence
distance
 Graph: Inter packet delay with the statistical laws average, standard deviation and
confidence distance
 Graph: PER quality with the statistical laws average, standard deviation and confidence
distance
 Graph: Packet transit delay with the statistical laws average, standard deviation and
confidence distance
 Tables of packets sent and received (if ‘Statistics display’ = Packet statistics and sniffed
traffic files have been previously processed)

 Main Window: IP Generator and IP Answering throughputs (based on UDP and

TCP data only)
This calculation is based using a sampling period (this parameter - Throughput sampling period, is
defined by using the "Configuration / General Parameters" item menu. If the sampling period is for
example of 5 seconds, IP Traffic - Test & Measure realizes the sum of received or sent(2) data
Volume(1) for the last 5 seconds and divides the result by 5 to obtain the throughput. Note that this
throughput is an application level throughput (i.e. this throughput corresponds to the TCP and/or
UDP payload throughput). This calculation is realized for the both parts (IP Generator and IP
Answering) and displayed at the bottom of the IP Traffic - Test & Measure window.

(1)
The Volume is the number of bytes sent to or received from the Winsock API by IP Traffic - Test &
Measure. The Winsock API doesn’t include the MAC neither the IP nor the protocols (TCP, UDP, etc.)
headers. This means for example, when using an Ethernet frame size of 70 bytes long containing a UDP
packet, the relevant IP Traffic - Test & Measure packet volume is: 70 (Ethernet frame size) – 14 (MAC) – 20
(IP) – 8 (UDP) = 28 bytes taken into account in the volume by IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

(2)
The sent volume increases as soon as the Winsock API accepts the request to send from IP Traffic - Test
& Measure.

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11.3 General parameters used to calculate the statistics

The ‘General parameters’ item of the ‘Configuration’ menu contains parameters used for display
and to calculate the statistics.

Refresh time: this parameter defines the frequency to update the man machine interface. The
different statistical values are updated all the xx seconds (for all tabs) where xx is the value defined
by the user.
This parameter is also used to update the display of the following items:
 the Time Device state (if selected)
 the ‘zClock’ state (if selected)
 the Uncertainty value (if zClock or a Time Device selected)
 the ‘Activity’ counter
 ‘File size’ and ‘’Time before disk limit’ for the 'Traffic Sniffer' activity
 the Statistics Export Processes (on IP Generator and IP Answering Parts)

Throughput sampling period: this parameter specifies the last traffic seconds to use in order to
calculate the throughput. More this value is high and more the average is smoothed. This
parameter is also used to calculate the IP throughput average parameter of the ‘Traffic Observer’.

Notes
Every second, the following processes are realized:
+ Calculation of the CPU load (‘Activity’ counter),
+ Calculation of the statistics for activity (‘IP Generator Activity’ and ‘IP Answering Activity’ displayed at the
bottom of the IP Traffic - Test & Measure main window).
Every 5 seconds, update of ‘Activity Sniffer’ is made (see ‘Traffic Sniffer’ - Traffic overview during capture).
These values of 1 and 5 seconds are not customizable and are fixed in the current version of the software.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 11 Calculation Mode for the Statistics

11.4 Calculation method used by IP Traffic - Test & Measure to compute

statistics.
This document describes what calculation method is used by IP Traffic - Test & Measure to
compute statistics.
11.4.1 The two calculation methods

 Based on a sampling period

The statistics defined in this category are calculated by using a sampling period. The size of these
sampling periods are defined either by the “Throughput Sampling Period’ or by the “Acquisition
period of statistics” specified in the “Configuration > General Parameters” window.

 Cumulative
The statistics defined in this category are cumulative statistics. They are reset when a new
connection or a new analysis is launched.
11.4.2 IP Traffic - IP Generator statistics
Calculation method Sampling Cumulative
Tx Throughput X
Rx Throughput X
Tx Packets Throughput X
Rx Packets Throughput X
Jitter X
Tx Packets X
Rx Packets X
Tx Volume X
Rx Volume X
Mean RTT (cumulative average) X
Min RTT X
Max RTT X
Sequence Error Number X
Mean RTT (summary) X
RTT Min (summary) X
RTT Max (summary) X
Tx+Rx Throughput (Activity) X
Table 1 - IP Traffic - Test & Measure - IP Generator calculation method

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 11 Calculation Mode for the Statistics

11.4.3 IP Traffic - IP Answering statistics

Calculation method Sampling Cumulative

Tx Throughput X
Rx Throughput X
Tx Packets Throughput X
Rx Packets Throughput X
Jitter X
Tx Packets X
Rx Packets X
Tx Volume X
Rx Volume X
Date Not Echoed X
Sequence Error Number X
Tx+Rx Throughput (Activity) X
Table 2 - IP Traffic - Test & Measure - IP Answering calculation method

11.4.4 IP Traffic – Traffic Observer statistics

Calculation method Sampling Cumulative

IP Throughput Snapshot* X
IP Throughput Average** X
UDP or TCP Throughput* X
Inter Packet Delay* X
Packet Transit Delay* X
Packet Erasure Rate* X
*: These values are instantaneous values (the sampling is based on the “Acquisition period of statistics” specified in
the “Configuration > General Parameters” window.
**: This value are an average based on the sampling period defined by the “Throughput Sampling Period’ specified in
the “Configuration > General Parameters” window.
Table 3 - IP Traffic - Test & Measure – Traffic Observer calculation method

11.4.5 IP Traffic – Packets Statistics Synthesis

Calculation method Sampling Cumulative

Packets X
Lost X
% Lost X
Delay X
Jitter X
TCP Retransmission X
Table 4 - IP Traffic - Test & Measure – Packets Statistics calculation method

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 11 Calculation Mode for the Statistics

11.5 Detailed description for calculation of the statistics

11.5.1 The 'IP Generator – Traffic + Statistics' tab
The statistics in this tab are calculated at the ‘Applicative’ point of reference.
Tx Throughput = volume of data sent on the connection during the last seconds considered for
calculation (see above description of the ‘Throughput sampling period ’parameter).
Rx Throughput = volume of data received on the connection during the last seconds considered
for calculation (see above description of the ‘Throughput sampling period ’parameter).
Tx Packets Throughput = number of data packets sent on the connection during the last seconds
considered for calculation (see above description of the ‘Throughput sampling period ’parameter).
This statistic is only available with the UDP connections.
Rx Packets Throughput = number of data packets received on the connection during the last
seconds considered for calculation (see above description of the ‘Throughput sampling period
’parameter). This statistic is only available with the UDP connections.
Tx Packets = It is the number of data packets sent on the connection. This statistic is only
available with the UDP connections, because the TCP stack for the TCP connections cuts data to
send in one or more TCP packets.
Rx Packets = It is the number of data packets received on the connection. This statistic is only
available with the UDP connections, because the TCP stack for the TCP connections cuts data to
send in one or more TCP packets.
Tx Volume = it’s the number of data bytes sent on the connection.
Rx Volume = it’s the number of data bytes received on the connection.
Jitter = The jitter is the transit delay variation. This value is available only if the packets include the
Timecode information (see "Parameters" in the IP Generator tab). For each received packet, the
process to find the Timecode information is applied. If the RTT identifier is found, IP Traffic
proceeds as follows: First, it compares the "time when sent" of the previously received packet with
the "time when sent" of the last received packet. This information is added in the timecode
structure just before sending the packet. Then, IP Traffic compares the arrival time of the
previously received packet with the arrival time of the last received packet. After that, IP Traffic
compares these two results. If the transit delay is a constant, the results should be the same. In the
other case, it means that a jitter is found. IP Traffic adds the absolute value of this comparison and
calculates the mean jitter (using a sampling period). Note that the jitter displayed on the IP
Answering part is a one-way jitter and the jitter displayed on the IP Generator part is a two-ways
jitter. Note also, that this jitter is an application level statistic. An IP level jitter is available with the
offline mode analysis.
Volume to send = Size of data (in bytes) to send on the connection. This information is displayed
only if the ‘IP Generator’ can give this value, as by example for a file or for a mathematical law.
Remaining volume = size of data (in bytes) remaining to send on the connection. This information
is available only if the ‘Volume to send’ parameter has been calculated.
Seq. numb errors (sequence numbering errors) = It’s the number of packets whose the
sequence number is not correct. This value is available only if the packets include the Timecode
information. For each received packet, the process to find the Timecode information is applied. If
the RTT identifier is found, IP Traffic tests if the sequence number of the received packet follows
the sequence number of the previous received packet. If an error is detected, the ‘Sequence
numbering errors’ parameter is incremented. Note that the sequence error number is incremented
of one unit even if the sequence number gap is one unit, ten units or more. Moreover, no
distinction is made about the origin of this error. IP Traffic doesn't know if the gap is due to a
packet lost or a desequenced packet. To calculate this parameter on the IP Generator part, the
remote ‘IP Answering’ module must be configured in ‘echoer’ mode (each packet received is
transmitted to the originator). This statistic is not available with TCP. This statistics is also available
when the UDP connection on the remote IP Answering is using the Generator mode with Timecode
enabled.

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Mean RTT (Round Trip Time) = average of the differences between the sending times and the
receiving times (the multimedia timers of the OS are used, giving an accuracy of 1 ms – Microsoft
information). This value is available only if the packets include the Timecode information. For each
received packet, the process to find the Timecode information is applied. If the RTT identifier is
found, IP Traffic compares the "time when sent" of the last received packet with the arrival time of
this packet. The difference gives a RTT value.
To calculate this parameter, the remote must be configured in echoer mode for the connection.
RTT information
The information necessary to calculate the RTT parameter is included in each data packet, at
the beginning of the data.
Format of the RTT header (in little endian notation) is structured as follows:
 4 bytes magic number (always 0x54 0x87 0x54 0x41)
 4 bytes sequence number
 4 bytes time when sent
 2 bytes length (without the RTT header)
Min RTT = minimum value of the differences between the sending times and the receiving times
(the multimedia timers of the OS are used, giving an accuracy of 1 ms – Microsoft information) for
one connection. This is the minimum RTT value since the connection beginning.
Max RTT = maximum value of the differences between the sending times and the receiving times
(the multimedia timers of the OS are used, giving an accuracy of 1 ms – Microsoft information) for
one connection. This is the maximum RTT value since the connection beginning.
RTT Summary = minimum, maximum and average of the differences between the sending times
and the receiving times (the multimedia timers of the OS are used, giving an accuracy of 1 ms –
Microsoft information) but for all connections. The average is calculated on all RTT values of all
connections that are using the Timecode option. In others words, the average is not an average of
the Mean RTT of each connection.

Remark
The “IP Generator” builds data packets according to parameters defined by the user (contents, size
and inter packet delay). The data packets are then provided to the Winsock 2 interface to be sent
by the TCP/IP stack with the selected protocol (TCP or UDP). The volume of data sent or received
does not include the encapsulated data added by the TCP/IP stack.

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11.5.2 The 'IP Answering – Parameters + Statistics' tab

The statistics in this tab are calculated at the ‘Applicative’ point of reference.

Tx Throughput = see previous description above.

Rx Throughput = see previous description above.
Tx Packets Throughput = see previous description above.
Rx Packets Throughput = see previous description above.
Tx Packets = see previous description above.
Rx Packets = see previous description above.
Tx Volume = see previous description above.
Rx Volume = see previous description above.
Jitter = Jitter is the mean variation of delays on packets received. This value is only available
when the Timecode option is selected (on the remote 'IP Generator'). This value corresponds to
the mean one-way variation only.
Volume to send = see previous description above.
Remaining volume = see previous description above.
Seq. numb errors (sequence numbering errors) = see previous description above.
Data not echoed = this information is available only if the working mode of the connection is
defined as ‘Echoer’ or ‘Echoer file’ and indicates that the “IP Answering’ module has not been able
to re-send data due to the TCP/IP stack performances.
For an UDP connection, it’s the number of packets not re-sent.
For a TCP connection, it’s the number of bytes not re-sent.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 11 Calculation Mode for the Statistics

11.5.3 The 'Traffic Observer' tab

The statistics in this tab are calculated at the driver level (under the TCP/IP stack).
The parameters described in this paragraph are calculated for each active connection. As a
connection can send and receive simultaneously data, the two values Tx (Transmit) and Rx
(Receive) are calculated for each parameter.
Calculation is made simultaneously for the 32 connections (16 for the ‘IP Generator’ module and
16 for the ‘IP Answering’ module). Definition of terms used in this paragraph:
 the term ‘IP data’ does not include the IP header.
 the term ‘protocol data’ does not include the IP header and the specific header of the
protocol. In this way for a TCP connection, the ACKnowledge packet does not contain data.
 Most values displayed in the ‘Traffic Observer’ tab are ‘snapshot’ values.

 Calculation of instantaneous values

The coherence between the numerical values “Statistical values” and their graphical display is
respected by using the following rules:
 The scale unit defined by the ‘Time scale’ parameter for the graph allows calculating the
number of milliseconds of traffic for 1 pixel.
 For each data acquisition (see description of the ‘Acquisition period for statistics‘ parameter in
general parameters used for statistics), IP Traffic - Test & Measure updates the statistics with
the following manner:
 Example 1: a pixel is valued to 30 ms and ‘Acquisition period for statistics’ is valued to 100 ms.
- First data acquisition: data associated to the pixels number 1, 2 and 3 correspond to 90% of
the acquisition. The rest of 10% is used with the next acquisition.
- Second data acquisition: the previous rest (10%) added to the 20% of the new acquisition are
associated to the pixel number 4, then 30 % for pixel #5 and 30% for pixel #6. The rest of 20%
will be used with the next acquisition.
 Example 2: a pixel is valued to 200 ms and ‘Acquisition period for statistics’ is valued to 80 ms.
- First data acquisition: there is not enough data to associate to one pixel. Data is put aside (the
rest for the next acquisition is 80 ms).
- Second data acquisition: the rest and the new data are not sufficient to correspond to 1 pixel.
The new rest is then 160 ms.
- Third data acquisition: the rest and new data can be associated to pixel #1 (this pixel
represents the two first acquisitions and 50% of the third). Then the rest is 50% that will be
used with the next acquisition.
The ‘snapshot’ value is the last calculated value allocated to a pixel.

 Triggers update
Each time a value is allocated to a pixel, the comparison is made with the trigger values. Then the
min or max trigger value is updated if the value exceeds the threshold.

 Calculation of parameters displayed in the “Statistical values” table

IP throughput snapshot = instantaneous throughput calculated by using the IP data volume
received on the connection.
IP throughput average = average of the IP throughput by using the IP data volume received on
the connection during the last seconds used for calculation (see the ‘Throughput sampling period’
parameter)
UDP or TCP throughput = instantaneous throughput calculated by using the protocol data volume
received on the connection.
Inter packet delay = instantaneous average distance from time between two successive received
IP packets, calculated by dividing the sum of the distances by the number of received packets.
Packet Erasure Rate (PER) = instantaneous rate of loss packets, expressed in percentage of the
number of packets not received with regard to the number of packets sent.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 11 Calculation Mode for the Statistics

Packet transit delay = instantaneous delay for the transfer of packets. It’s the average of the
transfer delays for all packets exchanged between two IP Traffic - Test & Measure machines. The
transfer delay (named ‘transit delay’) for a packet is the difference of time between the time when
the packet has been sent and the time when the packet has been received.
Both times – sent and received time - are stored in the record of the capture file made by the
‘Traffic Sniffer’.

 Calculation of statistics displayed in the synthesis of the “Packets Statistics”

tab
Packets = number of packets found for this connection.
Lost = number of packets which are not be found in the both files (File A and File B)
% Lost = percentage of packets considered as lost on the total number of packets found for the
selected connection(s).
Transit Delay = average of the transit delay calculated for each packet of the selected
connection(s).
Jitter = Average of the jitter calculated for each packet (found in both files) of the selected
connection(s). For one packet, the jitter is calculated as follows: for each packet, the process
compares the timestamp of the previous packet with the timestamp of the current packet in File A.
Then the process finds the timestamps of the packets used in file A in the file B and does the same
comparison. After that, the process compares these two results. If the transit delay is a constant,
the results should be the same. In the other case, it means that a jitter exists. The absolute value is
added to be able to calculate the mean jitter of the selecting connection.

 Statistical laws for the graphs

IP Traffic - Test & Measure allows displaying four graphs for the following parameters:
IP Throughput = corresponds to the ‘IP throughput snapshot’ parameter (see above)
Inter packet delay = corresponds to the ‘Inter packet delay’ parameter (see above)
PER quality = corresponds to the ‘Packet Erasure Rate (PER)’ parameter (see above)
Packet transit delay = corresponds to the ‘Packet transit delay’ parameter (see above)
For these parameters, three statistical laws are calculated and can be displayed:
- Average
- Standard deviation
- Confidence distance
Formulas used to calculate these variables:
n

x i

 Average m: m  i 1

n
n

x
2
i
 Standard deviation  :   v (with variance v defined as: v  i 1
 m2 )
n
 Confidence distance : 95.45 % of the values are between m  2  and m  2  .

Notes:
- n is the minimum between the number of calculated pixels and the number of displayed
pixels.
- the confidence distance is calculated only at the time of display.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 12 Command Line Parameters

PART 12 Command Line Parameters

The IP Traffic - Test & Measure software can be started by using a command line with
parameters.

12.1 General rule

Parameters should be separated from the application name by a space. The application name of
IP Traffic - Test & Measure is "[Link]". Under Windows, the application name is not case
sensitive.

12.2 Start IP Traffic - Test & Measure and open a context file
The context file contains all parameters of IP Traffic - Test & Measure. These parameters can be
saved in this file and reloaded later.

The command line parameter to start the IP Traffic - Test & Measure and load a context
file: -START
Syntax: -START:filename
Where filename may be:
C:\temp\Scenario4_ContextFile_PC#[Link] or
“C:\Program Files\IP Traffic\Scenario4_ContextFile_PC#[Link]”. The “ symbol is
necessary to use spaces in filenames or directories.

There is NO space between the parameter –START: and the filename.

Example:
IPTraff –START: “C:\Program Files\IP Traffic\Scenario4_ContextFile_PC#[Link]”

12.3 Stop IP Traffic - Test & Measure

There is only one command line parameter to stop IP Traffic - Test & Measure.

Syntax: -STOP

Example:
IPTraff –STOP
Under Windows Vista, you must have the administrator rights to be able to execute the
“[Link] –STOP” command.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 13 Appendix

PART 13 Appendix
13.1 Description of the Mathematical Laws used by IP Traffic - Test &
Measure
IP Traffic - Test & Measure is based on the use of random number generation laws to determine
the starting time connection and data volume to send, and for the Inter Packet Delay in the ‘IP
Generator’ module. Four mathematical laws are offered. Uniform, Exponential and Gauss laws are
used for starting time connection and data volume. Pareto’s law is only used for data volume. The
mathematical laws are used:
 For the unitary mode when the mathematical law data source is selected. In this case, only data
volume laws are available.
 For the automatic mode: starting time connection generation and data volumes laws are
required parameters.
Hereafter is a detailed description of each mathematical law.
13.1.1 Uniform Law
 Presentation:
The Uniform law has two parameters:  and . It generates a random number included uniformly
between  and . If  is equal to , the generated number is always  = .
With the Uniform law, the units used are millisecond for the starting time connection generation
laws and byte for the data volume to send laws.
 Mathematical function:
Uniform law on ( ,  ) range
f ( x)  1 /(    ) if   x  
f ( x)  0 else
 Uniform law - example of generated values for 1000000 draws for this law with:   0 and
  100 .
The factor 1000000 is because the figure intents to show the actual behavior of the random
generator. To do that, we draw 1000000 times a random value and count the actual frequencies.
The theoretical (= calculated values) curve and actual (= generated values) curve are displayed
below.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 13 Appendix

13.1.2 Exponential Law

 Presentation
The Exponential law has only one parameter: . The more  is small, the more the power of 10 of
the generated number is high.
The unit is the millisecond for the starting time connections generation laws and byte for the data
volume laws.
 Mathematical function:
Exponential law (  0)
f ( x)  e x if x0
f ( x)  0 if x0
 Exponential law - example of generated values for 1000000 draws with:   0,1 .
The factor 1000000 is because the figure intents to show the actual behavior of the random
generator (not to show the theory of the exponential law). To do that, we draw 1000000 times a
random value and count the actual frequencies. The theoretical (=calculated values) and actual
(=generated values) curves match perfectly for bigger values.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 13 Appendix

 Exponential law- Table of generated values:

Values Starting time laws results Data volume laws results
=1 10 ms 10 bytes
 = 0,1 100 ms 100 bytes
 = 0,01 1s 1 Kbytes
 = 0,001 10s 10 Kbytes
 = 0,0001 1mn43 100 Kbytes
 = 0,00001 17mn19 1 Mbytes
 = 0,000001 2h53 10 Mbytes
Precision limit for 

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 13 Appendix

13.1.3 Law of Pareto

 Presentation:
This mathematical law is available only for data volume generation in the unitary and automatic
mode.
The law of Pareto is based on two parameters: a and . a unit is the final unit of the volume. 
does not have unit because it represents a coefficient of variation of result around a value.
The following values have been noticed:
 = 1000 Result very near to a
 = 100 Result very near to a
 = 15 Result between the interval [a, a x 2] (estimation)
=1 Result between the interval [a, ],  is very high (a x 1000000)
 = 0,1 Result two high – Calculation bursting.
The law of Pareto offers the advantage to generate a result statistically very near to a, but it can
generate in some exceptional cases a number very far from a.
 Mathematical function:
Pareto law (a,   0)
f ( x)  a  x   1 if xa
f ( x)  0 if xa

   1
 Pareto Law - example of generated values for 1000000a x with: a  10 and   1 .

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13.1.4 Gauss law

 Presentation:
The Gauss law has two parameters:  (average) and  (standard deviation).
With this law, the unit used is the millisecond for the starting time connection generation laws and
byte for the data volume to send laws.
 Mathematical function:
Gauss law on  , range

(x)
2

e 2
1 2

f ( x)  for x   , with average  and variance 

2

 2

 Gauss law - example of generated values with:   50 and   10 .

45 000.00

40 000.00
Gauss law (linear scale)

35 000.00

30 000.00
Frequencies

25 000.00

20 000.00

Generated values
15 000.00
Calculated values

10 000.00

5 000.00

0.00
13

17

21

25

29

33

37

41

45

49

53

57

61

65

69

73

77

81

85

89

93

97
1

Values

13.2 IP Traffic - Test & Measure Traces

In case of problem when using IP Traffic - Test & Measure, the trace functionality allows
retrieving in a file or in a debug window, information regarding Winsock exchanges made by IP
Traffic - Test & Measure.
Traces activation is done by modifying directly in the registry database of Windows, the value of
DebugLevel in the key \\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\ZTI\IPTraffic\Settings.
TraceFile parameter defines the name for the file receiving traces (by default [Link]).
The user shall reset the content of this file manually to avoid disk space wasting. If the TraceFile
parameter is not selected (empty chain), traces are sent to the debug standard output -via
OutputDebugString- in external tools trace (e.g. ‘Softlce’ from Compuware, the Microsoft
Development environment).
IP Traffic - Test & Measure must be restarted after
“DebugLevel” or “TraceFile” parameter modification.

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13.3 Configuration parameters saved in the Registry database

13.3.1 General configuration parameters
The based key to access parameters is \\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\ZTI\IPTraffic\Settings.
Updated information about Registry is available in the file “[Link]” delivered with the IP Traffic
- Test & Measure software.
The user may change the General parameters to configure IP Traffic - Test & Measure to the
local environment or to specific needs.
Parameters associated to the help should not be changed without express
recommendation from ZTI Communications Support to avoid help unusable.

Default value
Key name Type Description
(dec)
0x00000000 No traces.
DEBUGLEVEL REG_DWORD 0 0x00000001 Add errors in the trace.
0x00000002 Important information for the Support.
0x00000010 Add verbose information used by the ZTI
Communications Support.
0x00000080 Save debug information into a file
specified by the DEBUGFILENAME key.
0x00000100 Add the current time to each trace
message.
0x00000400 Add intermediate value computed during
the statistics process providing
information to the Observer Tab.
0x00001000 Detail the operation of the Sniffer
Analyzer when splitting a captured file
into data files replay.
0x00004000 Provide information for the GPS.
0x00010000 Detail operations of the Replay mode
0x00020000 Detail operations for the Off-line mode.
0x00080000 Specific flag for statistics generated at the
'IP Generator' and 'IP Answering' levels.
DEBUGFILENAME REG_SZ [Link] Filename to save the traces.
Parameter used in the search algorithm of the 'Traffic
DEPTHFORPACKETANALYSIS REG_DWORD 500
Observer' to calculate the packets statistics.
For UDP connections, timer (expressed in seconds) used
UDPINACTIVITY REG_DWORD 10 in the Generator mode to identify a connection has
stopped (10 seconds by default).
For TCP connections, timer (expressed in seconds) to
detect the 'IP Generator' has stopped the connection (10
TCPINACTIVITY REG_DWORD 10
seconds by default). “IP Traffic” closes the TCP
connection.
Maximal period (expressed in milliseconds) allocated to
SENDTIMEOUT REG_DWORD 500
send/receive data (default is 500 milliseconds).
TCPCONNECTRETRYCOUNTER REG_DWORD 0x1 Number of retry to establish a TCP connection
0x0: Nagle algorithm enabled
TCPNODELAY REG_DWORD 0x0
Other value: Nagle algorithm disabled
Buffer size (expressed in bytes) used by "IP Traffic" to
get TCP data from the Winsock2 interface. It is not the
TCPRECEIVERPACKETSIZE REG_DWORD 8192 MTU. If the size is big then the performances are better
because Winsock 2 is called less often. Max value =
65,535
When the file downloading is active, this timer
REG_DWORD 5 (expressed in seconds) is used to detect the sender has
FILETRANSFERINACTIVITY
stopped the connection (5 seconds by default). “IP
Traffic” closes the file transfer connection when the timer

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 IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 13 Appendix

is reached.
Maximum size of a packet used during a file transfer.
FILETRANSFERPACKETSIZE REG_DWORD 1460 (Expressed in bytes. Default value = 1460. Max value =
65,535).
This is the port number used by the RPC server to dialog
RPCPORT REG_DWORD 1001
with the Automation Tool.
Full path name to Aut_IPTraff .exe (“Automation Tool for
AUTOMATION PATH REG_SZ x
IP Traffic’” binary file.
Full path name to the IP Traffic - Test & Measure binary
IPTRAFFICPATH REG_SZ x
file.
Save in the registry the time reference used by the
USELOCALTIME REG_DWORD x
Automation Tool
Mode use by the traffic sniffer to capture the data on the
link. Here are the two main values:
DRIVERFILTERMODE REG_DWORD 32
0x00000020 NDIS_PACKET_TYPE_PROMISCUOUS
0x00000080 NDIS_PACKET_TYPE_ALL_LOCAL

Warning: IP Traffic - Test & Measure must be restarted

after each modification of these parameters.
13.3.2 Help configuration parameters
These parameters are for information only. They must not be changed. These information
are located in \\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\ZTI\IPTraffic

The following registry values list is given for information ONLY.

Default
Key name Type value Description
(dec)

ACROREADINFO REG_SZ x Reserved

ACROREADTIMER REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-GENERAL REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-OBSERVER REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-AUTOMATICMODE REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-UNITARYMODE REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-SNIFFER REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-GPS REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-REPLAYMODE REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-REPLAYMODE-RCV REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-FILEMANAGER REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-EXPORTSTATS-SENDER REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-EXPORTSTATS-RECEIVER REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-PARAMCNX-SENDER REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-FILEDOWNLOADING REG_DWORD x Reserved
HELP-PARAMCNX-RECEIVER REG_DWORD x Reserved
CURRENTVERSION REG_SZ V 2.5.0 Current version installed.
Selected installation path (‘[Your Windows
INSTALLATIONPATH REG_SZ x
Drive]\Program Files\IP Traffic’ by default.

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13.4 Default Values of a Context

The default values when opening a new context are:
 IP Generator parameters
IP address NO_ADDRESS
Port Number 2009
Protocol TCP
Testing mode Unitary mode Data source Packet generator (number of
packets: infinite, packet
contents: fix = 5A)
Packets size Fix = 1460 bytes
Inter Packet Delay Fix = 0 ms
RTT option No

 IP Answering parameters
IP address ANY_ADDRESS
Port number 2009
Protocol TCP
Receiving working mode Absorber
Replay mode Disabled

 Configuration
TCP stack parameters

TCP Buffer size

S0_RCVBUF 65535
S0_SNDBUF 65535
TCP Windows size
TCPWindowSize Windows configuration dependant
SACKS Options Windows configuration dependant

Display parameters

Refresh time 2s
Throughput sampling period 5s

Connection parameters

Timeout for TCP packets echoed 500 ms

Timeout for UDP packets echoed 700 ms

File Operating Modes parameter

File Operating Mode Overwrite

AutoComplete parameter

Historical Record activated

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 Time Reference

Time Device selection

Type Device type to use None

z100 / z200 parameter

Port number No GPS

Save GPS Position No
Saving interval 30 seconds

z300 parameter

z300 IP Address None

zClock parameter

zClock plugged None

 File transfer

Port number 2500

 Operating Mode

Mode Local

 Remote Control

Remote Port number 2600

Remote IP address NO_ADDRESS
Remote Context File None

 Traffic Sniffer

Capture parameters

User-filters None
Type of filter used All TCP and UDP packets
Adapters selected All adapters found when
launching the software

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Capture sniffed traffic in file parameters

Filename None
Save only headers No
Automatic refresh mode No
Enable automatic start No
and stop

 Traffic Observer

Mode Generator
Statistics display Values

Graphical units

UNIT Value Trigger

IP throughput 0-100 Kb/s 10-90 Kb/s
Inter packet delay 0-50 ms 10-90 ms
PER quality 0-100 10-90
Packet transit delay 0-1000 ms 100-900 ms

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13.5 External File for the ‘IP Generator’ module

The IP Generator module can use an external file defined by the user. Information of this file is
used to send data packets on an IP connection. This file is independent of the specified protocol
(UDP or TCP).

The file is composed of two sections: [HEADER] and [DATA].

Section [HEADER] : Code, Parameters

Section [DATA] : data size, delay (in milliseconds) before sending of next packet

Example of external data file [generation of random characters comprised between 32(decimal
value) and 48 (decimal value)]
;
; Sample DataFile for «IP Traffic» generator
;
; Section [HEADER] defines the content
; 1, char = fix character
; 2, cmin, cmax = random character
; 3, c1, c2 = alternate character
; 4, FileName = Content is based on a file
;
[HEADER]
2, 32, 48

[DATA]
100, 20
200, 10
300, 30
400, 40
500, 5
600, 50
700, 60
800, 70
10, 80
20, 10
30, 20
40, 30
50, 50
60, 60
70, 100
80, 200

Section [HEADER] : Code, Parameters

Code Meaning Parameters Example

1 Fix character Char to use 1, ‘Z’
2 Random character Char 1 (min), Char 2 (max) 2, 32,48
3 Alternate character Char 1, Char 2 3, x32,x48
4 File Filename 4, C:\Temp\[Link]

Coding of characters:
 character between quotes, e.g. ‘Z’
 decimal value, e.g. 32
 hexadecimal value, e.g. X32

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13.6 External DLL for the ‘IP Generator’ module

The ‘IP Generator’ module loads this external DLL. This DLL must offer three entry points
described in the following paragraphs:
- TrafficInit
- PacketDelay
- PacketData
An example of external DLL is available. See the directory IPTraffic\SAMPLES\User-DLL with all
files to compile and generate the DLL ([Link]).
13.6.1 TrafficInit

BOOL CALLBACK TrafficInit( int CnxID, unsigned long IPAddr, unsigned char protocol, unsigned
port)
To init a new connection identified by par CnxID.
Parameters:
CnxID Connection identifier
IPAddr Remote IP address
Protocol Protocol to use (UDP or TCP)
Port Port number

Return codes:
True The DLL is ready to provide data to the IP Generator.
False The DLL can’t provide data. The complementary error code is handled by the
DLL and the DLL must warn the user directly.

Remark:
When a connection must use an external DLL, the IP Generator module verifies that the DLL is
present (via LoadLibrary). Then it looks for the 3 required entry points. TrafficInit() is called when a
connection is established with the remote.

13.6.2 PacketDelay

BOOL CALLBACK PacketDelay( int CnxID, unsigned long *pulDelay)

Parameters:
CnxID Connection identifier
pulDelay Address for delay expressed in milliseconds

Return codes:
True The DLL has provided the delay for the next packet. If this delay equals 0, the
IP Generator calls immediately PacketData().
False The DLL has not provided a delay. The IP Generator stops the connection.

Remark:
The PacketDelay() function is used to get the delay before a new packet contents.

13.6.3 PacketData
BOOL CALLBACK PacketData( int CnxID, unsigned short usBufferSize, unsigned char *pBuffer,
unsigned short *pusUsedSize)

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Parameters:
CnxID Connection identifier
usBufferSize Max size of the buffer (pBuffer)
pBuffer Address of data to send
pusUsedSize Address of the data size to send. If size equals 0, a new delay is asked.
To avoid a ‘deadlock’, it is not authorized to provide more than 2 data packets with a
zero size.
Return codes:
True The DLL has provided data to send immediately.
False The DLL has not provided data. The IP Generator stops the connection.

Remark:
Before calling the PacketData() function, the buffer pointed by pBuffer is initialized with zeros. The
used length is initialized with zeros. The maximum size is 1460 in the sample.

13.7 IP Traffic - Test & Measure features versus OS, protocols and IP
versions.
The array below shows the IP Traffic - Test & Measure features based on the Windows versions,
on the protocols and on the IP versions. The cross in a cell indicates when the feature is available.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 14 Examples of sniffed traffic files

PART 14 Examples of sniffed traffic files

Six traffic captured files are provided to illustrate the off-line analysis:
- Example 1: two files without use of the z100 Time Device and the zClock module
(Sample1_PC#[Link] and Sample1_PC#[Link])
- Example 2: two files with use of the z100 Time Device
(Sample2_PC#A_with_z100.Trc and Sample2_PC#B_with_z100.Trc)
- Example 3: two files with use of the z100 Time Device and the zClock module
(Sample3_PC#A_with_z100&[Link] and Sample3_PC#B_with_z100&[Link])
- Example 4: two files with IPv6 packets
(Sample4_PC#A_with_IPv6.Trc and Sample4_PC#B_with_IPv6.Trc)

The test configuration used to generate three first traffic files is defined as below:

PC # A PC # B
[Link] [Link]
1 UDP connection
Port = 2011

IP Network
with impairments

Port = 2010
IP Traffic 1 TCP connection IP Traffic
« Sniffer » « Sniffer »

File SampleX_PC#[Link] File SampleX_PC#[Link]

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 14 Examples of sniffed traffic files

Example 1: no Time Device and no zClock module

By pressing the « Start Analysis » button, the following window is displayed.

In the Step 1 the couple of IP addresses [Link]  [Link] is selected. Then the
synchronization between these two files is found for the step 2. After running the step 3, the
synthesis is displayed showing 1 TCP and 1 UDP connections.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 14 Examples of sniffed traffic files

By using the “Packet Statistics” option, the following results are displayed.

In this example, 3 UDP packets have been lost and the transit delay has an average of 178 ms for
the UDP connection. 3 TCP packets sent by the PC #B have been lost and the average for the
transit delay is 8 ms. Note also that 3 TCP packets sent by the PC #B have been retransmitted.
Note:
The ‘Transit …’ column contains the symbols (?) to indicate that the accuracy for measurement
cannot be defined (no common clock reference between the PCs and the PC clock is used for
packet time stamping by the IP Traffic Sniffer when capturing the packets).

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 14 Examples of sniffed traffic files

Example 2: use of the z100 Time Device and no zClock module

By pressing the « Start Analysis » button, the following window is displayed.

In Step 1, the couple of IP addresses [Link]  [Link] is selected. Then the

synchronization between these two files is found for the step 2. After running the step 3, the
synthesis is displayed showing 1 TCP and 1 UDP connections.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 14 Examples of sniffed traffic files

By using the “Packet Statistics” option, the following results are displayed.

In this example, 5 UDP packets have been lost and the transit delay has an average of 184 ms for
the UDP connection. 4 TCP packets sent by the PC #B have been lost and the average for the
transit delay is 1 ms. Note also that 4 TCP packets sent by the PC #B have been retransmitted.
Note: the ‘Transit …” column indicates the symbols (± 5) in order to precise that the accuracy for
measurement is less than or equal to 5 ms (due to use of the z100 Time Device that delivers a
precise time reference used for packet time stamping by the IP Traffic Sniffer when capturing the
packets).

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 14 Examples of sniffed traffic files

Example 3: use of the z100 Time Device and the zClock module

By pressing the « Start Analysis » button, the following window is displayed.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 14 Examples of sniffed traffic files

In Step 1, the couple of IP addresses [Link]  [Link] is selected. Then the

synchronization between these two files is found for the step 2. After running the step 3, the
synthesis is displayed showing 1 TCP and 1 UDP connections.
By using the “Packet Statistics” option, the following results are displayed.

In this example, 6 UDP packets have been lost and the transit delay has an average of 186 ms for
the UDP connection. 4 TCP packets sent by the PC #B have been lost and the average for the
transit delay is 1 ms. Note also that 4 TCP packets sent by the PC #B have been retransmitted.
Note: the ‘Transit …” column indicates the symbols (± 1) in order to precise that the accuracy for
measurement is less than or equal to 1 ms (due to use of the z100 Time Device that delivers a
precise time reference and the zClock module used for packet time stamping by the 'Traffic Sniffer'
when capturing the packets).

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 14 Examples of sniffed traffic files

Example 4: capture containing IPv6 packets

By pressing the « Start Analysis » button, the following window is displayed.

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IP Traffic – Test & Measure PART 14 Examples of sniffed traffic files

In Step 1, the couple of IP addresses fe80::211:43ff:fe03:a218  fe80::210:5aff:fe3b:e6a6 is

selected. Then the synchronization between these two files is found for the step 2. After running
the step 3, the synthesis is displayed showing 1 TCP and 1 UDP connections.
By using the “Packet Statistics” option, the following results are displayed.

In this example: no lost packets and no delay.

In fact, in this example, GPS and zClock systems were not used. That is why, IP Traffic - Test &
Measure can’t give a transit delay. In that case, the values shown in the “delay” column are closed
to the jitter.
Note:
The ‘Transit …” column contains the symbols (?) to indicate that the accuracy for measurement
cannot be defined (no common clock reference between the PCs and the PC clock is used for
packet time stamping by the IP Traffic Sniffer when capturing the packets).

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