Module 2.
Special Products
Scope of the Module
This module consist of six lessons, namely:
1. The product of sum and difference of two terms
2. The product of the square of the binomials
3. The product of the binomials of the form (x-a)(x+b)
4. The product of the binomials of the form (ax+b)(cx+d)
5. The product of the cube of the binomials
6. The product of the square of the polynomials
Overview of the Module
This module provides basic skills and knowledge in dealing with multiplication of
polynomials. It deals primarily with the shortcut method in multiplying
polynomials. Its process is presented in a step-by-step method in finding products of
some special products. The acquired teaming in this module will be very helpful in
the succeeding lessons.
Objectives of the module
1. Identify the different kinds of special products.
2. Determine the kind of special products necessary to solve a given exercises.
3. Solve exercises on special products.
Lesson 2.1 The Product of the Sum and Difference of Two Terms
Discussion
The product of the sum and difference of two term is equal to the square of the first
term minus the square of the second term.
In symbol we have:
(x+y)(x-y)=x2-y2
Procedure
1. Square the first term
2. Write the minus sign
3. Square the second term
Example 1. Solve (x+2)(x-2)
Steps:
1. We square the first term x2
2. We write minus and we square the second term x2 -4
hence: (x+2)(x-2)=x2 - 4
Example 2. Solve (3x+2y)(3x-2y)
Steps:
1. We square the first term (3x)2 = 9x2
2. We write minus and we square the second term -(2y)2 = -4y2
hence: (3x+2y)(3x-2y) = 9x2 - 4y2
Lesson 2.2 The Product of the Square of the Binomials
Discussion
The product of the square of the binomial is the square of the first term plus or
minus twice the product of the first and the second term plus the square of the
second term.
In symbol we have: (x+y)2 = x2 +2xy + y2
(x-y)2 = x2 - 2xy +y2
Procedure:
1. Get the square of the first term.
2. Multiply the first and the second term by 2. If the sign of the middle term of the
given binomial is positive, the sign of the second term of the product is also positive
and is negative if the sign of the middle term of the given binomial is negative.
3. Square the second term.
Example 1. Find the product of (2x+3y)2
Steps:
1. We square the first term. 2x2 = 4x2
2. Plus twice the product of the first and the second term . +2(2x)(3y)=+12xy
3. Plus the square of the second term +(3y)2=+9y2
the final answer will be (2x+3y)2 = 4x2 +12xy + 9y2
Example 2. Find the product of (4m-5)2
Steps:
1. We square the first term. (4m)2 = 16m2
2. Minus twice the product of the first and second term -2(4m)(5)=-40m
3. Plus the square of the second term +(5)2=+25
the final answer will be (4m-5)2 = 16m2 - 40m + 25
Lesson 2.3 The Products of two binomials of the form (x+a)(x+b)
Discussion
The product of the binomial of the form (x+a)(x+b) is equal to the square of the first
term, plus the sum of the second terms times the first term, plus the product of the
second term.
In symbol we have: (x+a)(x+b)=x2+(a+b)x+ab
Procedure:
1. Square the first term
2. Get the sum of the second term and multiply it by the first term
3. Get the product of the second terms
Example 1. Find the product of (x+8)(x+3)
Steps:
1. We square the first term (x)2 = x2
2. Plus get the sum of 8 and 3 times x +(8+3)x = +11x
3. Plus the product of 8 and 3 +(8)(3) = +24
the final answer will be (x+8)(x+3)=x2+11x+24
Lesson 2.4 The Product of the binomial of the form (ax+b)(cx+d)
Discussion
The product of two binomials of the form (ax+b)(cx+d) is equal to the product of the
first two terms, plus the sum of the products of the end and the middle terms, plus
the product of the last two terms.
In symbol we have: (ax+b)(cx+d)=acx2+(ad+bc)x+bd
Procedure
1. Find the product of the two first term
2. Plus the sum of the product of the end and the middle term
3. Plus the product of the last two term
Example: Find the product of (5x+3)(4x+2)
Steps:
1. We find the product of the two first term (5x)(4x)=20x2
2. Plus the sum of the products of the end and the middle
+[5(2)+3(4)]x=+22x
3. Plus the product of the last two terms +(3)(2)=+6
the final answer will be (5x+3)(4x+2)=20x2+22x+6
Lesson 2.5 The Product of The Cube of the Binomial
Discussion
The product of the cube of the binomial is equal to the cube of the first term, plus or
minus (depending upon the given binomial) three times the square of the first term
times the second term, plus three times the first term times the square of the second
term, plus or minus the cube of the second term.
In symbol we have: (x+y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3
(x-y)3 = x3- 3x2y + 3xy2 - y3
Procedure
1. Get the cube of the first term
2. Multiply the square of the first term and the second term times three. The sign is
positive if the middle sign of the given is positive and is negative if the middle sign of
the given is negative.
3. Multiply the square of the second term by the first term times three.
4. Get the cube of the last term. The sign will be the same of the sign of #2 step.
Example 1: Find the product of (3x+2y)3
Steps:
1. We get the cube of the first term (3x)3=27x3
2. Plus three times the square of the first term, times the second term.
+3(3x)2(2y)=+54x2y
3. Plus three times the first term times the square of the second term.
+3(3x)(2y)2=+36xy2
4. Plus the cube of the last term +(2y)3=+8y3
the final answer will be (3x+2y)3 = 27x3 + 54x2y + 36xy2 + 8y3
Example 2. Find the product of (5x-3)3
Steps:
1. We get the cube of the first term (5x)3=125x3
2. Minus three times the square of the first term, times the second term
-3(5x)2(3)=-225x2
3. Plus three times the first term times the square of the second term
+3(5x)(3)2=+135x
4. Minus the cube of the last term -(3)3=-27
the final answer will be (5x-3)3 = 125x3 - 225x2 + 135x - 27
Lesson 2.6 The Product of the Square of the Polynomial
Discussion
The product of the square of the polynomial is the square of each term of the
polynomial plus twice the product of each term by another.
In symbol we have: (x+y+z)2=x2+y2+z2+2xy+2xz+2yz
Procedure
1. Square each term of the polynomial
2. Plus twice the product of each term by another
Example: Find the product of (2x+3y+2)2
Steps:
1. We square each term ( 2x)2+(3y)2+(2)2=4x2+9y2+4
2. Plus twice the product of each term by another
+2(2x)(3y)+2(2x)(2)+2(3y)(2)=+12xy+8x+12y
the final answer will be (2x+3y+2)2=4x2+9y2+4+12xy+8x+12y