AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

According to a recent survey, 31 percent of the residents of a certain state who are age 25 years or older
1.
have a bachelor’s degree. A random sample of 50 residents of the state, age 25 years or older, will be
selected. Let the random variable represent the number in the sample who have a bachelor’s degree. What
is the probability that will equal 40 ?

2. A large store has a customer service department where customers can go to ask for help with store-related
issues. According to store records, approximately ¼ of all customers who go to the service department ask
for help finding an item. Assume the reason each customer goes to the service department is independent
from customer to customer. Based on the approximation, what is the probability that at least 1 of the next 4
customers who go to the service department will ask for help finding an item?

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

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3. A blind taste test will be conducted with 9 volunteers to determine whether people can taste a difference
between bottled water and tap water. Each participant will taste the water from two different glasses and
then identify which glass he or she thinks contains the tap water. Assuming that people cannot taste a
difference between bottled water and tap water, what is the probability that at least 8 of the 9 participants
will correctly identify the tap water?

A 0.0020

B 0.0195

C 0.8889

D 0.9805

E 0.9980

In a certain region, 94 percent of the people have a certain characteristic in their blood. Suppose a group of
4.
45 people from the region are selected at random. Let the random variable represent the number of people
in the sample without the characteristic. Random variable follows a binomial distribution with a mean of
2.7 people. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the mean?

A For all groups of 45 people, the average number of people without the characteristic is 2.7.

B Every group of 45 people will have 2.7 people with the characteristic.

C Every group of 45 people will have 2.7 people without the characteristic.

D On average, 2.7 people are selected until finding someone with the characteristic.

E On average, 2.7 people are selected until finding someone without the characteristic.

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

5. In a certain board game, a player rolls two fair six-sided dice until the player rolls doubles (where the value
on each die is the same). The probability of rolling doubles with one roll of two fair six-sided dice is .
What is the probability that it takes three rolls until the player rolls doubles?

The following table shows the probability distribution for the number of books a student typically buys at the annual book fair held at an
6.
elementary school.
Number of Books 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Probability 0.35 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.01

Let the random variable represent the number of books a student buys at the next book fair. What is the expected value of ?

A 0

B 1.00

C 1.79

D 3.50

E 28

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

A company that ships crystal bowls claims that bowls arrive undamaged in 95 percent of the shipments. Let
7.
the random variable represent the number of shipments with undamaged bowls in 25 randomly selected
shipments. Random variable follows a binomial distribution with a mean of 23.75 shipments and a
standard deviation of approximately 1.09 shipments. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the
mean?

A Every shipment of 25 bowls will have 23.75 undamaged bowls.

B Every shipment of 25 bowls will have 23.75 damaged bowls.

C On average, the company receives 23.75 shipments before receiving the first shipment with a damaged bowl.

D For all possible shipments of size 25, the average number of damaged shipments is equal to 23.75.

E For all possible shipments of size 25, the average number of undamaged shipments is equal to 23.75.

8. The probability of winning a certain game is 0.5. If at least 70 percent of the games in a series of n games
are won, the player wins a prize. If the possible choices for n are
n=10, n=20, and n=100,
which value of n should the player choose in order to maximize the probability of winning a prize?

A n=10 only

B n=20 only

C n= 100 only

D n=10 or n=20 only; the probabilities are the same.

E n=10 or n=20 or n=100 ; the probabilities are the same.

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

9. At a large regional collegiate women’s swim meet, an official records the time it takes each swimmer to
swim 100 meters for all swimmers who compete in only one stroke category. The following table shows the
mean times and corresponding standard deviations for the collegiate women at the swim meet for each of
the four stroke categories.
Stroke Category Mean 100 meter Time Standard Deviation
Backstroke 55.6 seconds 0.70 seconds

Breaststroke 63.3 seconds 0.92 seconds

Butterfly 54.4 seconds 0.94 seconds

Freestyle 50.2 seconds 0.76 seconds

For each of the 4 stroke categories, consider a random variable representing the time of a randomly selected
swimmer in that category. What is the standard deviation of the sum of the 4 random variables?

A 0.83 seconds

B 1.67 seconds

C 2.80 seconds

D 3.32 seconds

E 3.76 seconds

10. According to 2015 census data, 42.7 percent of Colorado residents were born in Colorado. If a sample of
250 Colorado residents is selected at random, what is the standard deviation of the number of residents in
the sample who were born in Colorado?

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

A 6.75

B 7.82

C 10.33

D 11.97

E 61.17

A player pays $15 to play a game in which a chip is randomly selected from a bag of chips. The bag
11.
contains 10 red chips, 4 blue chips, and 6 yellow chips. The player wins $5 if a red chip is selected, $10 if a
blue chip is selected, and $20 if a yellow chip is selected. Let the random variable represent the amount
won from the selection of the chip, and let the random variable represent the total amount won, where
. What is the mean of ?

A $10.50

B $4.50

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

12. A city department of transportation studied traffic congestion on a certain highway. To encourage
carpooling, the department will recommend a carpool lane if the average number of people in passenger cars
on the highway is less than . The probability distribution of the number of people in passenger cars on the
highway is shown in the table.
Number of people

Probability
Based on the probability distribution, what is the mean number of people in passenger cars on the highway?

13. The number of tickets purchased by a customer for a musical performance at a certain concert hall can be
considered a random variable. The table below shows the relative frequency distribution for the number of
tickets purchased by a customer.

Suppose each ticket for a certain musical performance cost $12. Based on the distribution shown, what is the
mean cost per customer for the performance?

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

A $2.45

B $2.75

C $24.50

D $29.40

E $36.00

14. Ten percent of all Dynamite Mints candies are orange and 45 percent of all Holiday Mints candies are
orange. Two independent random samples, each of size 25, are selected - one from Dynamite Mints candies
and the other from Holiday Mints candies. The total number of orange candies in the two samples is
observed. What are the expected total number of orange candies and the standard deviation for the total
number of orange candies, respectively, in the two samples?

A 7 and 2.905

B 7 and 3.987

C 13.75 and 2.233

D 13.75 and 2.905

E 13.75 and 3.987

The following question(s) refer to the following information.

Every Thursday, Matt and Dave's Video Venture has "roll-the-dice" day. A customer may choose to roll two fair
dice and rent a second movie for an amount (in cents) equal to the numbers uppermost on the dice, with the larger
number first. For example, if the customer rolls a two and a four, a second movie may be rented for $0.42. If a two

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

and two are rolled, a second movie may be rented for $0.22. Let X represent the amount paid for a second movie on
roll-the-dice day. The expected value of X is $0.47 and the standard deviation of X is $0.15.

15. If a customer rolls the dice and rents a second movie every Thursday for 30 consecutive weeks, what is the
approximate probability that the total amount paid for these second movies will exceed $15.00?

A 0

B 0.09

C 0.14

D 0.86

E 0.91

16. If the customer rolls the dice and rents a second movie every Thursday for 20 consecutive weeks, what is
the total amount that the customer would expect to pay for these second movies?

A $0.45

B $0.47

C $0.67

D $3.00

E $9.40

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

17. A popular computer card game keeps track of the number of games played and the number of games won on
that computer. The cards are shuffled before each game, so the outcome of the game is independent from
one game to the next and is based on the skill of the player. Let X represent the number of games that have
been won out of 100 games. Under which of the following situations would X be a binomial random
variable?

A All games were played by the same player, whose skill improved over the course of the 100 games

B A group of 5 players of different skill levels were each allowed to play 20 games in a row.

A group of players of different skill levels were each allowed to play until they had lost 3 games and this
C
resulted in 100 games played.

Two players of equal skill level each played one game a day for 50 days and their skill level did not change
D
from day to day.

Two players of different skill levels competed by allowing one player to continue until a game was lost, then
E
the other player to continue until a game was lost, and so on, until 100 games were played.

The following question(s) refer to the following scenario and set of data.

In the 1830s, land surveyors began to survey the land acquired in the Louisiana Purchase. Part of their task was to
note the sizes of trees they encountered in their surveying. The table of data below is for bur oak trees measured
during the survey.

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

18. Which of the following differences in cumulative relative frequencies gives the proportion of trees that are
12 inches to 16 inches, inclusive, in diameter?

A 0.615 - 0.325

B 0.615 - 0.473

C 0.726 - 0.325

D 0.726 - 0.473

E 0.731 - 0.325

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

A certain factory that manufactures office chairs has a quality control process to identify defective chairs.
19.
The binomial random variable represents the number of chairs in a sample of chairs that are defective.
The mean of is 10 chairs and the standard deviation is 3 chairs. Based on the distribution of , which of
the following would be an accurate interpretation of the value 0.1 ?

A The total number of defective chairs made

B The total number of non-defective chairs made

C The relative frequency of the sample size to the population of chairs

D The probability of identifying a non-defective chair

E The probability of identifying a defective chair

High school students from track teams in the state participated in a training program to improve running
20.
times. Before the training, the mean running time for the students to run a mile was seconds with
standard deviation seconds. After completing the program, the mean running time for the students to run
a mile was seconds with standard deviation seconds. Let represent the running time of a randomly
selected student before training, and let represent the running time of the same student after training.
Which of the following is true about the distribution of ?

The variables and are independent; therefore, the mean is seconds and the standard deviation is
A
seconds.

The variables and are independent; therefore, the mean is seconds and the standard deviation is
B
seconds.

The variables and are not independent; therefore, the standard deviation is seconds and the mean
C
cannot be determined with the information given.

The variables and are not independent; therefore, the mean is seconds and the standard deviation
D
cannot be determined with the information given.

The variables and are not independent; therefore, neither the mean nor the standard deviation can be
E
determined with the information given.

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

21. Based on his past record, Luke, an archer for a college archery team, has a probability of 0.90 of hitting the
inner ring of the target with a shot of the arrow. Assume that in one practice Luke will attempt 5 shots of the
arrow and that each shot is independent from the others. Let the random variable X represent the number of
times he hits the inner ring of the target in 5 attempts. The probability distribution of X is given in the table.

What is the probability that the number of times Luke will hit the inner ring of the target out of the 5
attempts is less than the mean of X ?

A 0.40951

B 0.50000

C 0.59049

D 0.91854

E 0.99144

The distribution of random variable has mean 10 and standard deviation 4. The distribution of random
22.
variable has mean 7 and standard deviation 3. If and are independent, what are the mean and standard
deviation of the distribution of ?

A Mean 3 and standard deviation 1

B Mean 3 and standard deviation 5

C Mean 3 and standard deviation 7

D Mean 17 and standard deviation 1

E Mean 17 and standard deviation 5

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

At a certain bakery, the price of each doughnut is $1.50. Let the random variable represent the number of
23.
doughnuts a typical customer purchases each day. The expected value and variance of the probability
distribution of are 2.6 doughnuts and 3.6 , respectively. Let the random variable
represent the price of the doughnuts that a typical customer purchases each day. Which of the following is
the standard deviation, in dollars, of the probability distribution of ?

The quality control manager at a factory records the number of equipment breakdowns each day. Let the
24.
random variable represent the number of breakdowns in one day. The standard deviation of is 0.28.
Which of the following is the best interpretation of the standard deviation?

A The number of breakdowns on a randomly selected day is expected to be 0.28.

B The number of breakdowns on a randomly selected day will be 0.28 away from the mean.

C The average number of breakdowns per day for a random sample of days is expected to be 0.28.

D On average, the number of breakdowns per day varies from the mean by about 0.28.

E The number of breakdowns per day for a random sample of days is expected to be 0.28 away from the mean.

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

25. A magazine has 1,620,000 subscribers, of whom 640,000 are women and 980,000 are men. Thirty percent
of the women read the advertisements in the magazine and 50 percent of the men read the advertisements in
the magazine. A random sample of 100 subscribers is selected. What is the expected number of subscribers
in the sample who read the advertisements?

A 30

B 40

C 42

D 50

E 80

26. A manufacturer makes lightbulbs and claims that their reliability is 98 percent. Reliability is defined to be
the proportion of nondefective items that are produced over the long term. If the company's claim is correct,
what is the expected number of nondefective lightbulbs in a random sample of 1,000 bulbs?

A 20

B 200

C 960

D 980

E 1,000

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

27. The XYZ Office Supplies Company sells calculators in bulk at wholesale prices, as well as individually at
retail prices. Next year's sales depend on market conditions, but executives use probability to find estimates
of sales for the coming year. The following tables are estimates for next year's sales.

What profit does XYZ Office Supplies Company expect to make for the next year if the profit from each
calculator sold is $20 at wholesale and $30 at retail.

A $10,590

B $220,700

C $264,750

D $833,100

E $1,002,500

28. In a certain game, a fair die is rolled and a player gains 20 points if the die shows a "6." If the die does not
show a "6," the player loses 3 points. If the die were to be rolled 100 times, what would be the expected total
gain or loss for the player?

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

A A gain of about 1,700 points

B A gain of about 583 points

C A gain of about 83 points

D A loss of about 250 points

E A loss of about 300 points

29. A box contains 10 tags, numbered 1 through 10, with a different number on each tag. A second box contains
8 tags, numbered 20 through 27, with a different number on each tag. One tag is drawn at random from each
box. What is the expected value of the sum of the numbers on the two selected tags?

A 13.5

B 14.5

C 15.0

D 27.0

E 29.0

The transaction history at an electronic goods store indicates that 21 percent of customers purchase the
30.
extended warranty when they buy an eligible item. Suppose customers who buy eligible items are chosen at
random, one at a time, until one is found who purchased the extended warranty. Let the random variable
represent the number of customers it takes to find one who purchased the extended warranty. Assume
customers’ decisions on whether to purchase the extended warranty are independent. Which of the following
is closest to the probability that ; that is, the probability that it takes more than 3 customers who buy
an eligible item to find one who purchased the extended warranty?

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

A 0.131

B 0.390

C 0.493

D 0.507

E 0.624

Let random variable represent the field goal percentage (percentage of shots made) for players in a
31.
basketball league. The following table shows the probability distribution of the random variable .
Field Goal Percentage Probability

0.3 0.10

0.4 0.45

0.5 0.30

0.6 0.10

0.7 0.05
Fatima claims that the distribution of is uniform with a median of 0.4 field goal percentage. Is Fatima’s
claim supported by the table?

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

A Yes, the distribution is uniform with a median of 0.4 field goal percentage.

B No, the distribution is uniform with a median of 0.5 field goal percentage.

C No, the distribution is skewed to the right with a median of 0.4 field goal percentage.

D No, the distribution is skewed to the right with a median of 0.5 field goal percentage.

E No, the distribution is skewed to the left with a median of 0.4 field goal percentage.

32. Of all the fish in a certain river, 20 percent are salmon. Once a year, people can purchase a fishing license
that allows them to catch up to 8 fish. Assume each catch is independent. Which of the following represents
the probability of needing to catch 8 fish to get the first salmon?

A 0.2

According to a recent survey, 47 percent of the people living in a certain region carry a certain genetic trait.
33.
People from the region will be selected at random one at a time until someone is found who carries the
genetic trait. Let the random variable represent the number of people selected to find one person who
carries the genetic trait. On average, how many people from the region will need to be selected to find one
person who carries the genetic trait?

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

A 0.47

B 0.69

C 1.55

D 2.00

E 2.13

A die used in a certain board game has eight faces, of which are red, are yellow, and are blue. Each
34.
face is equally likely to land faceup when the die is tossed. In the game, a player tosses the die until blue
lands faceup, and the number of tosses before blue lands faceup is counted. For example, a player who
tosses the sequence shown in the following table has tossed the die times before blue lands faceup.
Toss number

Face color yellow yellow red blue

What is the probability that a player will toss the die at least times before blue lands faceup?

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

Let represent the number of randomly selected adults in a community surveyed to find someone with a
35.
certain genetic trait.
The random variable follows a geometric distribution with mean 4.66. Which of the following is a correct
interpretation of the mean?

A A value randomly selected from the distribution of is expected to be 4.66.

B In repeated sampling from the distribution of , the average of the values will approach 4.66.

C For a sample of values randomly selected from the distribution of , the average of the sample will be 4.66.

D The probability is 0.66 that a value randomly selected from the distribution of will be close to the mean.

For a sample of values randomly selected from the distribution of , the average of the sample will vary
E
from the population mean by no more than 4.66.

Let represent the number of attempted experiments to get one experiment that is not successful.
36.
The random variable has a geometric distribution with mean 4 and standard deviation 3.5. Which of the
following is the best interpretation of the standard deviation?

A A single value randomly selected from the distribution of will vary from 4 by 3.5 attempted experiments.

B A single value randomly selected from the distribution of will vary from 3.5 by 4 attempted experiments.

C Values of typically vary from 4 by about 3.5 attempted experiments, on average.

D Values of typically vary from 3.5 by about 4 attempted experiments, on average.

The standard deviation of a random sample of values selected from the distribution of will be 3.5
E
attempted experiments.

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

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37. According to a recent survey, 81 percent of adults in a certain state have graduated from high school. If
15 adults from the state are selected at random, what is the probability that 5 of them have not graduated
from high school?

38. Which of the following graphs represents a binomial distribution with n = 20 and p = 0.25?

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

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Data were collected on the number of days per week that members visit a certain fitness center. The values
39.
varied from 0 to 7, and a distribution of relative frequencies for the values was created. Let the random
variable represent the number of days per week that a member visits. The mean of is 3.12. Which of
the following statements is the best interpretation of the mean?

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

A Each member visits the fitness center 3 or 4 days per week.

B The average number of days that each member visits the fitness center is 3.12 days per week.

Half the members visit the fitness center 3 days per week or less, and the other half visit 4 days per week or
C
more.

The long-run average resulting from repeated sampling of members of the fitness center will approach 3.12
D
days per week.

For a random sample of members selected from the population, the average number of visits for the sample
E
will be 3.12 days per week.

In 2014, 85 percent of households in the United States had a computer. For a randomly selected sample of
40.
200 households in 2014, let the random variable represent the number of households in the sample that
had a computer. What are the mean and standard deviation of ?

A The mean is 85 households, and the standard deviation is 0.36 household.

B The mean is 144.5 households, and the standard deviation is 5.05 households.

C The mean is 144.5 households, and the standard deviation is 13.04 households.

D The mean is 170 households, and the standard deviation is 5.05 households.

E The mean is 170 households, and the standard deviation is 0.36 household.

41. A nonprofit organization plans to hold a raffle to raise funds for its operations. A total of 1,000 raffle tickets
will be sold for $1.00 each. After all the tickets are sold, one ticket will be selected at random and its owner
will receive $50.00. The expected value for the net gain for each ticket is -$0.95. What is the meaning of the
expected value in this context?

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

A The ticket owners lose an average of $0.05 per raffle ticket.

B The ticket owners lose an average of $0.95 per raffle ticket.

C Each ticket owner will lose $0.95 per raffle ticket.

A ticket owner would have to purchase 19 more tickets for the expected value of his or her net gain to
D
increase to $0.00.

E A ticket owner has a 95 percent chance of having a ticket that is not selected.

Let random variable represent the number of interviews conducted for job openings at a certain company.
42.
The following table shows the cumulative probability distribution of the discrete random variable .

5 0

6 0.2

7 0.4

8 0.6

9 0.8

10 1.0
Khaleed claims that the distribution of is skewed to the left with mean equal to 8 interviews. Is Khaleed’s
claim correct?

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 AP Statistics Scoring Guide

Quiz8-

A Yes, the distribution is skewed to the left with mean equal to 8 interviews.

B No, the distribution is skewed to the left with mean greater than 8 interviews.

C No, the distribution is skewed to the right with mean equal to 8 interviews.

D No, the distribution is uniform with mean equal to 8 interviews.

E No, the distribution is uniform with mean greater than 8 interviews.

43. Circuit boards are assembled by selecting 4 computer chips at random from a large batch of chips. In this
batch of chips, 90 percent of the chips are acceptable. Let X denote the number of acceptable chips out of a
sample of 4 chips from this batch. What is the least probable value of X?

A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

E 4

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Quiz8-

At a certain company, loan agents are paid based on the number of loans they close in a day. Based on company
44.
records, the number of loans that a randomly selected loan agent closes on a randomly selected day has the
probability distribution below.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0.05 0.10 0.22 0.30 0.18 0.12 0.03

At the company, the daily salary of a loan agent is $150 plus $50 per loan closed. Let represent the amount of
money made by a randomly selected loan agent on a randomly selected day. Which of the following statements is
NOT true?

A The mean of is less than the mean of .

B The standard deviation of is approximately $71.

C The mean daily salary is greater than $350 per day.

D The standard deviation of is less than the standard deviation of .

E The shape of the probability distribution of is unimodal and roughly symmetric.

45. A carnival game allows the player a choice of simultaneously rolling two, four, six, eight, or ten fair dice.
Each die has six faces numbered 1 through 6, respectively. After the player rolls the dice, the numbers that
appear on the faces that land up are recorded. The player wins if the greatest number recorded is 1 or 2. How
many dice should the player choose to roll to maximize the chance of winning?

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A Two

B Four

C Six

D Eight

E Ten

46. If a probability distribution is symmetric, which of the following statements must be true?

A The distribution is normal.

B The distribution is uniform.

C The distribution is bimodal.

D The mean of the distribution is equal to the median of the distribution.

E The interquartile range of the distribution is equal to the standard deviation of the distribution.

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Let random variable represent the the number of visitors to a certain museum during a given day. The
47.
following table shows the probability distribution of the random variable.

Which of the following claims about the distribution of random variable is best supported by the
histogram?

A The most likely number of visitors to the museum on a given day is between 450 and 500.

B The mean number of visitors to the museum is much less than the median number of visitors.

C The mean number of visitors to the museum is much greater than the median number of visitors.

D On a given day, the number of visitors from 100 through 500 will occur with equal probabilities.

On a given day, it is equally likely for the museum to have less than 300 visitors as it is to have more than
E
300 visitors.

48. Two friends, Andy and Bob, participate in a game of bowling every week. From past experiences, it is
known that both friends’ scores are approximately normally distributed, where Andy has a mean score of
150 with a standard deviation of 30, and Bob has a mean score of 165 with a standard deviation of 15.
Assuming that their scores are independent, which of the following values is closest to the probability that
Andy will have a greater score than Bob in a single game?

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A 0.16

B 0.28

C 0.31

D 0.33

E 0.37

49. In which of the following should the random variable not be modeled with a geometric distribution?

According to a recent study, approximately 8% of adults in the country have a master’s degree. Let
A represent the number of randomly selected adults in the country surveyed to find someone with a master’s
degree.

Suppose it is known that 5% of the light bulbs manufactured at a particular company are defective. Let
B
represent the number of randomly selected light bulbs that are inspected to find one defective light bulb.

A particular basketball player is known to consistently make 90% of her free throws, and the outcomes of
C her free-throw attempts are independent. Let represent the number of attempted free-throws to get one
missed free-throw.

In a bag of 30 different colored candies, about 20% are red. One candy will be selected one at a time without
D replacement, and its color will be recorded. Let represent the number of candies selected before red is
selected.

It is believed that about 40% of people in the country have purchased a certain product. Let represent the
E
number of people randomly selected to find the first one who has purchased the product.

Let the random variable represent the number of students who go to a certain teacher’s office hour each
50.
day. The standard deviation of is 2.2. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the standard
deviation?

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A On average, the number of students going to an office hour varies from the mean by about 2.2 students.

B For a randomly selected office hour, the number of students who will go is 2.2.

For a randomly selected office hour, the number of students expected to go will vary from the mean by 2.2
C
students.

D For a random selection of office hours, the average number of students expected to go is 2.2.

For a random selection of office hours, the average number of students expected to go will vary from the
E
mean by 2.2 students.

51. The random variable X is normally distributed with mean 5 and standard deviation 25. The random variable
Y is defined by Y = 2 + 4X. What are the mean and the standard deviation of Y ?

A The mean is 20 and the standard deviation is 102.

B The mean is 20 and the standard deviation is 50.

C The mean is 22 and the standard deviation is 102.

D The mean is 22 and the standard deviation is 100.

E The mean is 22 and the standard deviation is 50.

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52. An experiment was conducted in which planks of wood painted red and green were shown to pigeons to
investigate a pigeon’s ability to select a certain color. Pigeons could accurately select the color of the plank
of wood 20 percent of the time. A simulation was conducted in which a trial consisted of a pigeon being
shown eight planks of wood and its number of successes being recorded. This process was repeated many
times, and the results are shown in the histogram.

Based on the results of the simulation, which of the following is closest to the probability that there were at
most three successes in a trial?

A 0.06

B 0.15

C 0.21

D 0.79

E 0.94

53. The probability of obtaining a head when a certain coin is flipped is about 0.65. Which of the following is
closest to the probability that heads would be obtained 15 or fewer times when this coin is flipped 25 times?

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A 0.14

B 0.37

C 0.39

D 0.60

E 0.65

54. A summer resort rents rowboats to customers but does not allow more than four people to a boat. Each boat
is designed to hold no more than 800 pounds. Suppose the distribution of adult males who rent boats,
including their clothes and gear, is normal with a mean of 190 pounds and standard deviation of 10 pounds.
If the weights of individual passengers are independent, what is the probability that a group of four adult
male passengers will exceed the acceptable weight limit of 800 pounds?

A 0.023

B 0.046

C 0.159

D 0.317

E 0.977

Sean and Evan are college roommates who have part-time jobs as servers in restaurants. The distribution of
55.
Sean’s weekly income is approximately normal with mean and standard deviation . The
distribution of Evan’s weekly income is approximately normal with mean and standard deviation .
Assuming their weekly incomes are independent of each other, which of the following is closest to the
probability that Sean will have a greater income than Evan in a randomly selected week?

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For a certain dog breed, the number of puppies in a litter typically varies from 2 to 6. The following table
56.
shows the probability distribution of the random variable , where represents the number of puppies in a
litter. Also shown are the squared deviations, or distances, from the expected value of 4.5 for the
distribution.
Number of puppies 2 3 4 5 6

Squared deviation 6.25 2.25 0.25 0.25 2.25

Probability 0.05 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.20

What is the variance of the distribution?

A 1.12

B 1.25

C 1.41

D 1.58

E 2.25

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Data were collected on the ages, in years, of the men and women enrolled in a large sociology course. Let
57.
the random variables and represent the ages of the men and women, respectively. The distribution of
has mean 20.7 years and standard deviation 1.73 years. The distribution of has mean 20.2 years and
standard deviation 1.60 years. Of all of those enrolled in the course, 54 percent are men and 46 percent are
women. What is the mean age of the combined distribution of both men and women in the course?

A 20.2 years

B 20.43 years

C 20.45 years

D 20.47 years

E 40.9 years

58. In a certain computer card game, the player is awarded 5 points for each card that is moved to a correct
position. The player is penalized 10 points for each minute the game is played. Let the random variable X
represent the number of cards moved to a correct position, and let the random variable Y represent the
number of minutes the game is played. The means and standard deviations of the random variables for a
particular player are shown in the table below.

Assume that X and Y are independent. What are the expected value and the standard deviation of the points
per game for the player?

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A The expected value is –6.5, and the standard deviation is 63.5.

B The expected value is –6.5, and the standard deviation is 65.4.

C The expected value is 4.1, and the standard deviation is 63.5.

D The expected value is 4.1, and the standard deviation is 65.4.

E The expected value is 101.5, and the standard deviation is 63.5.

59. Consider a data set of positive values, at least two of which are not equal. Which of the following sample
statistics will be changed when each value in this data set is multiplied by a constant whose absolute value is
greater than 1?
1. The mean
2. The median
3. The standard deviation

A I only

B II only

C III only

D I and II only

E I, II and III

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60. Let X be a random variable whose values are the number of dots that appear on the uppermost face when a
fair die is rolled. The possible values of X are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The mean of X is 7/2 and the variance of X
is 35/12. Let Y be the random variable whose value is the difference (first minus second) between the
number of dots that appear on the uppermost face for the first and second rolls of a fair die that is rolled
twice. What is the standard deviation of Y ?

61. A random variable X has a mean of 120 and a standard deviation of 15. A random variable Y has a mean of
100 and a standard deviation of 9. If X and Y are independent, approximately what is the standard deviation
of X - Y ?

A 24.0

B 17.5

C 12.0

D 6.0

E 4.9

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62. A company sells concrete in batches of 5 cubic yards. The probability distribution of X, the number of cubic
yards sold in a single order for concrete from this company, is shown in the table below.

The expected value of the probability distribution of X is 19.25 and the standard deviation is 5.76. There is a
fixed cost to deliver the concrete. The profit Y, in dollars, for a particular order can be described by Y = 75X
- 100. What is the standard deviation of Y?

A $332.00

B $432.00

C $532.00

D $1,343.75

E $1,400.00

63. Let X represent the number on the face that lands up when a fair six-sided number cube is tossed. The
expected value of X is 3.5, and the standard deviation of X is approximately 1.708. Two fair six-sided
number cubes will be tossed, and the numbers appearing on the faces that land up will be added. Which of
the following values is closest to the standard deviation of the resulting sum?

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A 1.708

B 1.848

C 2.415

D 3.416

E 5.835

64. A company that makes fleece clothing uses fleece produced from two farms, Northern Farm and Western
Farm. Let the random variable X represent the weight of fleece produced by a sheep from Northern Farm.
The distribution of X has mean pounds and standard deviation pounds. Let the random variable Y
represent the weight of fleece produced by a sheep from Western Farm. The distribution of Y has mean
pounds and standard deviation pound. Assume X and Y are independent. Let W equal the total weight of
fleece from 10 randomly selected sheep from Northern Farm and 15 randomly selected sheep from Western
Farm. Which of the following is the standard deviation, in pounds, of W ?

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65. A company ships gift baskets that contain apples and pears. The distributions of weight for the apples, the
pears, and the baskets are each approximately normal. The mean and standard deviation for each distribution
is shown in the table below. The weights of the items are assumed to be independent.

Let the random variable W represent the total weight of 4 apples, 6 pears, and 1 basket. Which of the
following is closest to the standard deviation of W ?

A 1.90 ounces

B 1.97 ounces

C 2.26 ounces

D 3.76 ounces

E 3.83 ounces

66. The Attila Barbell Company makes bars for weight lifting. The weights of the bars are independent and are
normally distributed with a mean of 720 ounces (45 pounds) and a standard deviation of 4 ounces. The bars
are shipped 10 in a box to the [Link] weights of the empty boxes are normally distributed with a mean
of 320 ounces and a standard deviation of 8 ounces. The weights of the boxes filled with 10 bars are
expected to be normally distributed with a mean of 7,520 ounces and a standard deviation of

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A ounces

B ounces

C ounces

D 48 ounces

E ounces

The random variable has mean 12 and standard deviation 3. The random variable is defined as
67.
. What are the mean and standard deviation of ?

A The mean is 24, and the standard deviation is 6.

B The mean is 24, and the standard deviation is 13.

C The mean is 31, and the standard deviation is 3.

D The mean is 31, and the standard deviation is 6.

E The mean is 31, and the standard deviation is 13.

The random variable has a geometric distribution with . Approximately how far do the values
68.
of typically vary, on average, from the mean of the distribution?

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A 1.73

B 2.00

C 3.00

D 3.46

E 4.00

A recent report indicated that 22 percent of the households in a certain community speak a language other
69.
than English at home. A reporter will randomly select a household from the community until the first
household that speaks a language other than English at home is selected. Let random variable represent
the number of attempts needed until the first household that speaks a language other than English at home is
selected. The random variable has a geometric distribution with . Which of the following is
closest to the variance of the random variable?

A 0.0484

B 3.5454

C 4.0144

D 4.5455

E 16.1157

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According to a survey about how workers get to work in Wyoming, 77 percent of workers get to work by
70.
driving alone, 11 percent get to work by carpooling, 4 percent get to work by walking, and 8 percent get to
work by other means of transportation. Suppose a sample of 200 Wyoming workers is selected at random.
Let the random variable represent the number of workers in the sample who get to work by driving alone.
What is the expected value of ?

A 8

B 16

C 22

D 46

E 154

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