[Link] || [Link].

in

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS
COURSE STRUCTURE
AND
DETAILED SYLLABUS

For
CIVIL ENGINEERING
[Link]. - STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

KAKINADA - 533 003, Andhra Pradesh, India

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Structural Engineering 1

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS R13 FOR M. Tech (REGULAR)

DEGREE COURSE

Applicable for the students of M. Tech (Regular) Course from the

Academic Year 2013-14 onwards
The M. Tech Degree of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
Kakinada shall be conferred on candidates who are admitted to the program
and who fulfil all the requirements for the award of the Degree.

1.0 ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSIONS

Admission to the above program shall be made subject to eligibility,
qualification and specialization as prescribed by the University from time to
time.
Admissions shall be made on the basis of merit/rank obtained by the
candidates at the qualifying Entrance Test conducted by the University or
on the basis of any other order of merit as approved by the University,
subject to reservations as laid down by the Govt. from time to time.

2.0 AWARD OF M. Tech DEGREE

2.1 A student shall be declared eligible for the award of the M. Tech
Degree, if he pursues a course of study in not less than two and not
more than four academic years.
2.2 The student shall register for all 80 credits and secure all the 80 credits.
2.3 The minimum instruction days in each semester are 90.

3.0 A. COURSES OF STUDY

The following specializations are offered at present for the M. Tech
course of study.
1. [Link]- Structural Engineering
2. [Link]- Transportation Engineering
3. [Link]- Infrastructure Engineering & Management
4. ME- Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering
5. [Link]- Environmental Engineering
6. [Link]-Geo-Informatics
7. [Link]-Spatial Information Technology
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8. [Link]- Civil Engineering
9. [Link] -Geo-Technical Engineering
10. [Link]- Remote Sensing
11. [Link]- Power Electronics
12. [Link]- Power & Industrial Drives
13. [Link]- Power Electronics & Electrical Drives
14. [Link]- Power System Control & Automation
15. [Link]- Power Electronics & Drives
16. [Link]- Power Systems
17. [Link]- Power Systems Engineering
18. [Link]- High Voltage Engineering
19. [Link]- Power Electronics and Power Systems
20. [Link]- Power System and Control
21. [Link]- Power Electronics & Systems
22. [Link]- Electrical Machines and Drives
23. [Link]- Advanced Power Systems
24. [Link]- Power Systems with Emphasis on High Voltage Engineering
25. [Link]- Control Engineering
26. [Link]- Control Systems
27. [Link]- Electrical Power Engineering
28. [Link]- Power Engineering & Energy System
29. [Link]- Thermal Engineering
30. [Link]- CAD/CAM
31. [Link]- Machine Design
32. [Link]- Computer Aided Design and Manufacture
33. [Link]- Advanced Manufacturing Systems
34. [Link]-Computer Aided Analysis & Design
35. [Link]- Mechanical Engineering Design
36. [Link]- Systems and Signal Processing
37. [Link]- Digital Electronics and Communication Systems
38. [Link]- Electronics & Communications Engineering
39. [Link]- Communication Systems
40. [Link]- Communication Engineering & Signal Processing
41. [Link]- Microwave and Communication Engineering
42. [Link]- Telematics

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Structural Engineering 3
43. [Link]- Digital Systems & Computer Electronics
44. [Link]- Embedded System
45. [Link]- VLSI
46. [Link]- VLSI Design
47. [Link]- VLSI System Design
48. [Link]- Embedded System & VLSI Design
49. [Link]- VLSI & Embedded System
50. [Link]- VLSI Design & Embedded Systems
51. [Link]- Image Processing
52. [Link]- Digital Image Processing
53. [Link]- Computers & Communication
54. [Link]- Computers & Communication Engineering
55. [Link]- Instrumentation & Control Systems
56. [Link] – VLSI & Micro Electronics
57. [Link] – Digital Electronics & Communication Engineering
58. [Link]- Embedded System & VLSI
59. [Link]- Computer Science & Engineering
60. [Link]- Computer Science
61. [Link]- Computer Science & Technology
62. [Link]- Computer Networks
63. [Link]- Computer Networks & Information Security
64. [Link]- Information Technology
65. [Link]- Software Engineering
66. [Link]- Neural Networks
67. [Link]- Chemical Engineering
68. [Link]- Biotechnology
69. [Link]- Nano Technology
70. [Link]- Food Processing
71. [Link]- Avionics
and any other course as approved by AICTE/ University from time to time.

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3.0 B. Departments offering M. Tech Programmes with specializations
are noted below:
Civil Engg. 1. [Link]- Structural Engineering
2. [Link]- Transportation Engineering
3. [Link]- Infrastructure Engineering & Management
4. ME- Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering
5. [Link]- Environmental Engineering
6. [Link]-Geo-Informatics
7. [Link]-Spatial Information Technology
8. [Link]- Civil Engineering
9. [Link] -Geo-Technical Engineering
10. [Link]- Remote Sensing
EEE 1. [Link]- Power Electronics
2. [Link]- Power & Industrial Drives
3. [Link]- Power Electronics & Electrical Drives
4. [Link]- Power System Control & Automation
5. [Link]- Power Electronics & Drives
6. [Link]- Power Systems
7. [Link]- Power Systems Engineering
8. [Link]- High Voltage Engineering
9. [Link]- Power Electronics and Power Systems
10. [Link]- Power System and Control
11. [Link]- Power Electronics & Systems
12. [Link]- Electrical Machines and Drives
13. [Link]- Advanced Power Systems
14. [Link]- Power Systems with Emphasis on High
Voltage Engineering
15. [Link]- Control Engineering
16. [Link]- Control Systems
17. [Link]- Electrical Power Engineering
18. [Link]- Power Engineering & Energy System
ME 1. [Link]- Thermal Engineering
2. [Link]- CAD/CAM
3. [Link]- Machine Design
4. [Link]- Computer Aided Design and Manufacture
5. [Link]- Advanced Manufacturing Systems
6. [Link]-Computer Aided Analysis & Design
7. [Link]- Mechanical Engineering Design
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Structural Engineering 5
ECE 1. [Link]- Systems and Signal Processing
2. [Link]- Digital Electronics and Communication
Systems
3. [Link]- Electronics & Communications Engineering
4. [Link]- Communication Systems
5. [Link]- Communication Engineering & Signal
Processing
6. [Link]- Microwave and Communication Engineering
7. [Link]- Telematics
8. [Link]- Digital Systems & Computer Electronics
9. [Link]- Embedded System
10. [Link]- VLSI
11. [Link]- VLSI Design
12. [Link]- VLSI System Design
13. [Link]- Embedded System & VLSI Design
14. [Link]- VLSI & Embedded System
15. [Link]- VLSI Design & Embedded Systems
16. [Link]- Image Processing
17. [Link]- Digital Image Processing
18. [Link]- Computers & Communication
19. [Link]- Computers & Communication Engineering
20. [Link]- Instrumentation & Control Systems
21. [Link] – VLSI & Micro Electronics
22. [Link] – Digital Electronics & Communication
Engineering
23. [Link]- Embedded System & VLSI
CSE 1. [Link]- Computer Science & Engineering
2. [Link]- Computer Science
3. [Link]- Computer Science & Technology
4. [Link]- Computer Networks
5. [Link]- Computer Networks & Information Security
6. [Link]- Information Technology
7. [Link]- Software Engineering
8. [Link]- Neural Networks
Others 1. [Link]- Chemical Engineering
2. [Link]- Biotechnology
3. [Link]- Nano Technology
4. [Link]- Food Processing
5. [Link]- Avionics
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4.0 ATTENDANCE
4.1 A student shall be eligible to write University examinations if he
acquires a minimum of 75% of attendance in aggregate of all the
subjects.
4.2 Condonation of shortage of attendance in aggregate up to 10%
(65% and above and below 75%) in each semester shall be
granted by the College Academic Committee.
4.3 Shortage of Attendance below 65% in aggregate shall not be
condoned.
4.4 Students whose shortage of attendance is not condoned in
any semester are not eligible to write their end semester
examination of that class.
4.5 A prescribed fee shall be payable towards condonation of
shortage of attendance.
4.6 A student shall not be promoted to the next semester unless he
satisfies the attendance requirement of the present semester, as
applicable. They may seek readmission into that semester when
offered next. If any candidate fulfills the attendance requirement
in the present semester, he shall not be eligible for readmission
into the same class.

5.0 EVALUATION
The performance of the candidate in each semester shall be evaluated
subject-wise, with a maximum of 100 marks for theory and 100 marks for
practicals, on the basis of Internal Evaluation and End Semester Examination.
5.1 For the theory subjects 60 marks shall be awarded based on the
performance in the End Semester Examination and 40 marks
shall be awarded based on the Internal Evaluation. The internal
evaluation shall be made based on the average of the marks
secured in the two Mid Term-Examinations conducted-one in
the middle of the Semester and the other immediately after the
completion of instruction. Each mid term examination shall be
conducted for a total duration of 120 minutes with 4 questions
(without choice) each question for 10 marks. End semester
examination is conducted for 60 marks for 5 questions to be
answered out of 8 questions.
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Structural Engineering 7
5.2 For practical subjects, 60 marks shall be awarded based on the
performance in the End Semester Examinations and 40 marks
shall be awarded based on the day-to-day performance as
Internal Marks.
5.3 There shall be two seminar presentations during III semester
and IV semester. For seminar, a student under the supervision
of a faculty member, shall collect the literature on a topic and
critically review the literature and submit it to the department in
a report form and shall make an oral presentation before the
Project Review Committee consisting of Head of the Department,
Supervisor and two other senior faculty members of the
department. For each Seminar there will be only internal
evaluation of 50 marks. A candidate has to secure a minimum of
50% of marks to be declared successful.
5.4 A candidate shall be deemed to have secured the minimum
academic requirement in a subject if he secures a minimum of
40% of marks in the End semester Examination and a minimum
aggregate of 50% of the total marks in the End Semester
Examination and Internal Evaluation taken together.
5.5 In case the candidate does not secure the minimum academic
requirement in any subject (as specified in 5.4) he has to reappear
for the End semester Examination in that subject. A candidate
shall be given one chance to re-register for each subject provided
the internal marks secured by a candidate are less than 50% and
has failed in the end examination. In such a case, the candidate
must re-register for the subject(s) and secure the required
minimum attendance. The candidate’s attendance in the re-
registered subject(s) shall be calculated separately to decide
upon his eligibility for writing the end examination in those
subject(s). In the event of the student taking another chance,
his internal marks and end examination marks obtained in the
previous attempt stand cancelled. For re-registration the
candidates have to apply to the University through the college
by paying the requisite fees and get approval from the
University before the start of the semester in which re-
registration is required.
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5.6 In case the candidate secures less than the required attendance
in any re registered subject (s), he shall not be permitted to
write the End Examination in that subject. He shall again re-
register the subject when next offered.
5.7 Laboratory examination for M. Tech. courses must be conducted
with two Examiners, one of them being the Laboratory Class
Teacher or teacher of the respective college and the second
examiner shall be appointed by the university from the panel of
examiners submitted by the respective college.

6.0 EVALUATION OF PROJECT/DISSERTATION WORK

Every candidate shall be required to submit a thesis or dissertation
on a topic approved by the Project Review Committee.
6.1 A Project Review Committee (PRC) shall be constituted with
Head of the Department and two other senior faculty members.
6.2 Registration of Project Work: A candidate is permitted to register
for the project work after satisfying the attendance requirement
of all the subjects, both theory and practical.
6.3 After satisfying 6.2, a candidate has to submit, in consultation
with his project supervisor, the title, objective and plan of action
of his project work for approval. The student can initiate the
Project work, only after obtaining the approval from the Project
Review Committee (PRC).
6.4 If a candidate wishes to change his supervisor or topic of the
project, he can do so with the approval of the Project Review
Committee (PRC). However, the Project Review Committee (PRC)
shall examine whether or not the change of topic/supervisor
leads to a major change of his initial plans of project proposal.
If yes, his date of registration for the project work starts from
the date of change of Supervisor or topic as the case may be.
6.5 A candidate shall submit his status report in two stages at least
with a gap of 3 months between them.
6.6 The work on the project shall be initiated at the beginning of
the II year and the duration of the project is two semesters. A
candidate is permitted to submit Project Thesis only after
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Structural Engineering 9
successful completion of theory and practical course with the
approval of PRC not earlier than 40 weeks from the date of
registration of the project work. The candidate has to pass all
the theory and practical subjects before submission of the
Thesis.
6.7 Three copies of the Project Thesis certified by the supervisor
shall be submitted to the College/School/Institute.
6.8 The thesis shall be adjudicated by one examiner selected by the
University. For this, the Principal of the College shall submit a
panel of 5 examiners, eminent in that field, with the help of the
guide concerned and head of the department.
6.9 If the report of the examiner is not favourable, the candidate
shall revise and resubmit the Thesis, in the time frame as decided
by the PRC. If the report of the examiner is unfavorable again,
the thesis shall be summarily rejected. The candidate has to re-
register for the project and complete the project within the
stipulated time after taking the approval from the University.
6.10 If the report of the examiner is favourable, Viva-Voce examination
shall be conducted by a board consisting of the Supervisor,
Head of the Department and the examiner who adjudicated the
Thesis. The Board shall jointly report the candidate’s work as
one of the following:
A. Excellent
B. Good
C. Satisfactory
D. Unsatisfactory
The Head of the Department shall coordinate and make arrangements
for the conduct of Viva-Voce examination.
6.11 If the report of the Viva-Voce is unsatisfactory, the candidate
shall retake the Viva-Voce examination only after three months.
If he fails to get a satisfactory report at the second Viva-Voce
examination, the candidate has to re-register for the project and
complete the project within the stipulated time after taking the
approval from the University.
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7.0 AWARD OF DEGREE AND CLASS
After a student has satisfied the requirements prescribed for the
completion of the program and is eligible for the award of M. Tech. Degree
he shall be placed in one of the following four classes:
Class Awarded % of marks to be secured
First Class with Distinction 70% and above (Without any
Supplementary Appearance )
First Class Below 70% but not less than 60%
70% and above (With any
Supplementary Appearance )
Second Class Below 60% but not less than 50%
The marks in internal evaluation and end examination shall be shown
separately in the memorandum of marks.

8.0 WITHHOLDING OF RESULTS

If the student has not paid the dues, if any, to the university or if any
case of indiscipline is pending against him, the result of the student will be
withheld. His degree will be withheld in such cases.
9 .0 TRANSITORY REGULATIONS ( for R09 )
9.1
Discontinued or detained candidates are eligible for re-
admission into same or equivalent subjects at a time as and
when offered.
9.2 The candidate who fails in any subject will be given two
chances to pass the same subject; otherwise, he has to identify
an equivalent subject as per R13 academic regulations.
10. GENERAL
10.1 Wherever the words “he”, “him”, “his”, occur in the
regulations, they include “she”, “her”, “hers”.
10.2 The academic regulation should be read as a whole for the
purpose of any interpretation.
10.3 In the case of any doubt or ambiguity in the interpretation of
the above rules, the decision of the Vice-Chancellor is final.
10.4 The University may change or amend the academic regulations
or syllabi at any time and the changes or amendments made
shall be applicable to all the students with effect from the
dates notified by the University.
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Structural Engineering 11
MALPRACTICES RULES
DISCIPLINARY ACTION FOR / IMPROPER CONDUCT IN
EXAMINATIONS
Nature of Malpractices/ Punishment
Improper conduct
If the candidate:
1. (a) Possesses or keeps accessible Expulsion from the examination hall
in examination hall, any paper, and cancellation of the
note book, programmable performance in that subject only.
calculators, Cell phones, pager,
palm computers or any other
form of material concerned
with or related to the subject
of the examination (theory or
practical) in which he is
appearing but has not made
use of (material shall include
any marks on the body of the
candidate which can be used
as an aid in the subject of the
examination)
(b) Gives assistance or guidance Expulsion from the examination hall
or receives it from any other and cancellation of the
candidate orally or by any performance in that subject only of
other body language methods all the candidates involved. In case
or communicates through cell of an outsider, he will be handed
phones with any candidate or over to the police and a case is
persons in or outside the exam registered against him.
hall in respect of any matter.
2. Has copied in the examination Expulsion from the examination hall
hall from any paper, book, and cancellation of the
programmable calculators, performance in that subject and all
palm computers or any other other subjects the candidate has
form of material relevant to the already appeared including
subject of the examination practical examinations and project

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(theory or practical) in which work and shall not be permitted to
the candidate is appearing. appear for the remaining
examinations of the subjects of that
Semester/year. The Hall Ticket of
the candidate is to be cancelled
and sent to the University.
3. Impersonates any other The candidate who has
candidate in connection with impersonated shall be expelled from
the examination. examination hall. The candidate is
also debarred and forfeits the seat.
The performance of the original
candidate who has been
impersonated, shall be cancelled in
all the subjects of the examination
(including practicals and project
work) already appeared and shall
not be allowed to appear for
examinations of the remaining
subjects of that semester/year. The
candidate is also debarred for two
consecutive semesters from class
work and all University
examinations. The continuation of
the course by the candidate is
subject to the academic regulations
in connection with forfeiture of
seat. If the imposter is an outsider,
he will be handed over to the police
and a case is registered against him.
4. Smuggles in the Answer book Expulsion from the examination hall
or additional sheet or takes out and cancellation of performance in
or arranges to send out the that subject and all the other
question paper during the subjects the candidate has already
examination or answer book or appeared including practical
additional sheet, during or after examinations and project work and
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Structural Engineering 13
the examination. shall not be permitted for the
remaining examinations of the
subjects of that semester/year. The
candidate is also debarred for two
consecutive semesters from class
work and all University
examinations. The continuation of
the course by the candidate is
subject to the academic regulations
in connection with forfeiture of seat.
5. Uses objectionable, abusive or Cancellation of the performance in
offensive language in the that subject.
answer paper or in letters to the
examiners or writes to the
examiner requesting him to
award pass marks.
6. Refuses to obey the orders of In case of students of the college,
the Chief Superintendent/ they shall be expelled from
Assistant – Superintendent / examination halls and cancellation of
any officer on duty or their performance in that subject and
misbehaves or creates all other subjects the candidate(s)
disturbance of any kind in and has (have) already appeared and
around the examination hall or shall not be permitted to appear for
organizes a walk out or the remaining examinations of the
instigates others to walk out, subjects of that semester/year. The
or threatens the officer-in candidates also are debarred and
charge or any person on duty forfeit their seats. In case of
in or outside the examination outsiders, they will be handed over
hall of any injury to his person to the police and a police case is
or to any of his relations registered against them.
whether by words, either
spoken or written or by signs
or by visible representation,
assaults the officer-in-charge,
or any person on duty in or
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14 2013-14
outside the examination hall or
any of his relations, or
indulges in any other act of
misconduct or mischief which
result in damage to or
destruction of property in the
examination hall or any part of
the College campus or
engages in any other act which
in the opinion of the officer on
duty amounts to use of unfair
means or misconduct or has
the tendency to disrupt the
orderly conduct of the
examination.
7. Leaves the exam hall taking Expulsion from the examination hall
away answer script or and cancellation of performance in
intentionally tears of the scriptthat subject and all the other
or any part thereof inside or subjects the candidate has already
outside the examination hall. appeared including practical
examinations and project work and
shall not be permitted for the
remaining examinations of the
subjects of that semester/year. The
candidate is also debarred for two
consecutive semesters from class
work and all University
examinations. The continuation of
the course by the candidate is
subject to the academic regulations
in connection with forfeiture of seat.
8. Possess any lethal weapon or Expulsion from the examination hall
firearm in the examination hall. and cancellation of the performance
in that subject and all other subjects
the candidate has already appeared
including practical examinations
and project work and shall not be
permitted for the remaining
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Structural Engineering 15
examinations of the subjects of that
semester/year. The candidate is
also debarred and forfeits the seat.
9. If student of the college, who Student of the colleges expulsion
is not a candidate for the from the examination hall and
particular examination or any cancellation of the performance in
person not connected with the that subject and all other subjects
college indulges in any the candidate has already appeared
malpractice or improper including practical examinations
conduct mentioned in clause 6 and project work and shall not be
to 8. permitted for the remaining
examinations of the subjects of that
semester/year. The candidate is also
debarred and forfeits the seat.
Person(s) who do not belong to the
College will be handed over to police
and, a police case will be registered
against them.
10. Comes in a drunken condition Expulsion from the examination hall
to the examination hall. and cancellation of the
performance in that subject and all
other subjects the candidate has
already appeared including
practical examinations and project
work and shall not be permitted for
the remaining examinations of the
subjects of that semester/year.
11. Copying detected on the basis Cancellation of the performance in
of internal evidence, such as, that subject and all other subjects
during valuation or during the candidate has appeared
special scrutiny. including practical examinations
and project work of that semester/
year examinations.
12. If any malpractice is detected
which is not covered in the
above clauses 1 to 11 shall be
reportedtotheUniversityforfurtheraction
to award suitable punishment.
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Malpractices identified by squad or special invigilators
1. Punishments to the candidates as per the above guidelines.
2. Punishment for institutions : (if the squad reports that the college is
also involved in encouraging malpractices)
(i) A show cause notice shall be issued to the college.
(ii) Impose a suitable fine on the college.
(iii) Shifting the examination centre from the college to another
college for a specific period of not less than one year.

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Structural Engineering 17

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA
KAKINADA-533003, Andhra Pradesh (India)
For Constituent Colleges and Affiliated Colleges of JNTUK

Ragging
Prohibition of ragging in educational institutions Act 26 of 1997
Salient Features
 Ragging within or outside any educational institution is prohibited.
 Ragging means doing an act which causes or is likely to cause Insult
or Annoyance of Fear or Apprehension or Threat or Intimidation or
outrage of modesty or Injury to a student
Imprisonment upto Fine Upto
Teasing,
Embarrassing and 6 Months + Rs. 1,000/-
Humiliation
Assaulting or
Using Criminal 1 Year + Rs. 2,000/-
force or Criminal
intimidation
Wrongfully
restraining or 2 Years + Rs. 5,000/-
confining or
causing hurt
Causing grievous
hurt, kidnapping
or Abducts or rape 5 Years + Rs.10,000/-
or committing
unnatural offence
Causing death or
10 Months + Rs. 50,000/-
abetting suicide

In Case of Emergency CALL TOLL FREE NO. : 1800 - 425 - 1288

LET US MAKE JNTUKARAGGING FREE UNIVERSITY
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18 2013-14

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA
KAKINADA-533003, Andhra Pradesh (India)
For Constituent Colleges and Affiliated Colleges of JNTUK

Ragging
ABSOLUTELY
NO TO RAGGING
1. Ragging is prohibited as per Act 26 of A.P. Legislative Assembly,
1997.
2. Ragging entails heavy fines and/or imprisonment.
3. Ragging invokes suspension and dismissal from the College.
4. Outsiders are prohibited from entering the College and Hostel without
permission.
5. Girl students must be in their hostel rooms by 7.00 p.m.
6. All the students must carry their Identity Card and show them when
demanded
7. The Principal and the Wardens may visit the Hostels and inspect the
rooms any time.

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada

For Constituent Colleges and Affiliated Colleges of JNTUK

In Case of Emergency CALL TOLL FREE NO. : 1800 - 425 - 1288

LET US MAKE JNTUKARAGGING FREE UNIVERSITY
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Structural Engineering 19
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Revised course structure for
[Link] (Structural Engineering) (DT)
I Year – I SEMESTER Programme
[Link] Name of the Subject L P C
1 Advanced Mathematics 4 3
2 Theory of Elasticity 4 — 3
3 Matrix Analysis of Structures 4 — 3
4 Structural Dynamics 4 — 3
5 Elective –I 4 — 3
a) Experimental Stress Analysis
b) Sub-Structure Design
c) Structural Optimization
6 Elective – II 4 --- 3
a) Repair and Rehabilitation of Structures
b) Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings
c) Plastic Analysis and Design
7 Advanced Structural Engineering Laboratory — 3 2
Total 20
II SEMESTER
1 Finite Element Method 4 3
2 Earthquake Resistant Design 4 — 3
3 Stability of Structures — 3
4 Theory of Plates & Shells 4 — 3
5 Elective - III 4 — 3
a) Pre-stressed Concrete —
b) Mechanics of Composite Materials
c) Fracture Mechanics
6 Elective – IV 4 --- 3
a) Industrial Structures
b) Bridge Engineering
c) Earth Retaining Structures
7 CAD Laboratory — 3 2
Total 20
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III SEMESTER
1 Seminar — — 2
2 Dissertation / Thesis — — 18
Total 20

IV SEMESTER
1 Seminar — — 2
2 Dissertation / Thesis — — 18
Total 20

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Structural Engineering 21

SYLLABUS

I–I L P Credits
4 - 3
ADVANCED MATHEMATICS
Common for [Link].
(Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering,
Geotechnical Engineering, and Transportation Engineering)

UNIT-I
Applied partial Differential Equations: One-dimensional Heat equation
Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates (problems having axi-
symmetry). Two-dimensional Laplace Equation in Cartesian, cylindrical
and spherical coordinates (problems having axi-symmetry) – Analytical
solution by separation of variables technique.

UNIT-II
Numerical solutions to Heat and Laplace Equations in Cartesian
coordinates using finite – differences. Implicit methods, Crank
Nicholsen Method, Jacobi Method, Guass Seidal method.

UNIT-III
Applied Statistics: Regression and correlation analysis – Method of
Least squares – Curve fitting – Curvilinear Regression – Non-linear
curves – correlation coefficient – Correlation of grouped bi-variate
data – coefficient of determination Multiple Regression – partial
Regression coefficients.

UNIT-IV
Tests of significance – Analysis of variance for regression – Multiple
correlation coefficients – Multiple linear regression with two
independent variables.

UNIT-V
Linear Programming Problem Formation, Graphical Method, Simplex
method, artificial variable method-Big-M method-Two Phase Method.
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Non Linear Programming Problem Gradient method, Steepest Ascent
Descent Methods.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Solutions of Partial Differential Equations” – Duffy, D.G. CBS
Publishers, 1988
2. Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis – Sastry, S.S.
Prentice-Hall, 2nd Edition, 1992
3. Basic Statistics – Agarval, B.L., Wiley 1991, 2nd edition.
4. Operations Research – Hamdy A, [Link] Techniques.-
[Link]:.

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Structural Engineering 23

I–I L P Credits
4 - 3
THEORY OF ELASTICITY
UNIT-I
Elasticity – Notation for forces and stresses – components of stresses
and strains – Hooke’s Law - Plane Stress – Plane strain – Differential
Equations of equilibrium – Boundary conditions – Compatibility
equations - Stress function – Boundary Conditions.
UNIT -II
Two dimensional problems in rectangular co-ordinates – Solution by
polynomials – Saint Venant’s principle – Determination of
displacements – Bending of simple beams – Application of Fourier
series for two dimensional problems for gravity loading
UNIT-III
Two dimensional problems in polar co-ordinates - General equations
in polar co-ordinates – Stress distribution for problems having
symmetrical about an axis - Strain components in polar co-ordinates –
Displacements for symmetrical stress distributions - Stresses for plates
with circular holes subjected to far field tension – stress concentration
factor.
UNIT-IV
Analysis of stress and strain in three dimension - Principal stresses –
Stress ellipsoid and stress director surface – Determination of principal
stresses - Maximum shear stress – Homogeneous Deformation –
General Theorems - Differential equations of equilibrium – Conditions
of compatibility – Equations of equilibrium in terms of displacements
– Principle of superposition – Uniqueness of solution –Reciprocal
theorem.
UNIT-V
Torsion of prismatical bars – Bars with elliptical cross section – Other
elementary solution – Membrane analogy – Torsion of rectangular
bars – Solution of torsional problems by energy method.
REFERENCES
1. Theory of Elasticity- Timoshenko & Goodier
2. Elasticity: Theory, Applications and Numeric- Martin H. Sadd
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24 2013-14

I–I L P Credits
4 - 3
MATRIX ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES
UNIT-I
Introduction of matrix methods of analysis – Static indeterminacy and
kinematic indeterminacy – Degree of freedom – Structure idealization-
stiffness and flexibility methods – Suitability: Element stiffness matrix
for truss element, beam element and Torsional element- Element force
- displacement equations
UNIT-II
Stiffness method – Element and global stiffness equation – coordinate
transformation and global assembly – structure stiffness matrix
equation – analysis of simple pin jointed trusses – continuous beams
– rigid jointed plane frames
UNIT-III
Stiffness method for Grid elements – development of stiffness matrix –
coordinate transformation. Examples of grid problems – tapered and
curved beams
UNIT-IV
Additional topics in stiffness methods – discussion of band width –
semi band width – static condensation – sub structuring –Loads
between joints-Support displacements- inertial and thermal stresses-
Beams on elastic foundation by stiffness method.
UNIT-V
Space trusses and frames - Member stiffness for space truss and
space frame– Transformation matrix from Local to Global – Analysis
of simple trusses, beams and frames
REFERENCES:
1. Matrix analysis of structures- Robert E Sennet- Prentice Hall-
Englewood cliffs-New Jercy
2. Advanced structural analysis-Dr. P. Dayaratnam- Tata McGraw hill
publishing company limited.
3. Indeterminate Structural analysis- C K Wang
4. Analysis of tall buildings by force – displacement – Method M. Smolira
– Mc. Graw Hill.
5. Foundation Analysis and design – J.E. Bowls.
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Structural Engineering 25

I–I L P Credits
4 - 3
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
UNIT-I
Introduction to Structural Dynamics: Fundamental objective of
Dynamic analysis – Types of prescribed loadings – methods of
Discretization – Formulation of the Equations of Motion.
UNIT-II
Theory of Vibrations: Introduction – Elements of a Vibratory system
– Degrees of Freedom of continuous systems - Oscillatory motion –
Simple Harmonic Motion – Free Vibrations of Single Degree of Freedom
(SDOF) systems – Undamped and Damped – Critical damping –
Logarithmic decrement – Forced vibrations of SDOF systems –
Harmonic excitation – Dynamic magnification factor – Band width.
UNIT-III
Single Degree of Freedom System: Formulation and Solution of the
equation of Motion – Free vibration response – Response to Harmonic,
Periodic, Impulsive and general dynamic loadings – Duhamel integral.
UNIT-IV
Multi Degree of Freedom System: Selection of the Degrees of Freedom
– Evaluation of Structural Property Matrices – Formulation of the
MDOF equations of motion - Undamped free vibrations – Solution of
Eigen value problem for natural frequencies and mode shapes –
Analysis of dynamic response - Normal coordinates.
UNIT-V
Continuous Systems: Introduction – Flexural vibrations of beams –
Elementary case – Equation of motion – Analysis of undamped free
vibration of beams in flexure – Natural frequencies and mode shapes
of simple beams with different end conditions.
REFERENCES:
1. Dynamics of Structures by Clough & Penzien.
2. Structural Dynamics A K Chopra
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26 2013-14

I–I L P Credits
4 - 3
(ELECTIVE I)
EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS
UNIT-I
Introduction and Strain measurement methods – Model & Prototype
– Dimensional analysis-Factors influencing model design – Scale
factors and Model material properties – Methods of model design.
Definition of strain and its relation to experimental determinations -
properties of strain gauge systems – Mechanical, Optical, Acoustic
and Pneumatic types.

UNIT-II
Electrical resistance strain gages: Introduction – gauge construction
– strain gauge adhesives - mounting methods – gauge sensitivities
and gage factor – performance characteristics of wire and foil strain
gauges – environmental effects. Analysis of strain gauge data – the
three element rectangular rosette – the delta rosette – correction for
transverse sensitivity.

UNIT-III
Non – destructive testing: Introduction – objectives of non destructive
testing. Ultrasonic pulse velocity method – Rebound Hammer method
(Concrete hammer) – Acoustic Emission- application to assessment
of concrete quality.

UNIT-IV
Theory of photo elasticity: Introduction – temporary double refraction
– Index ellipsoid and stress ellipsoid – the stress optic law – effects of
stressed model in a polariscope for various arrangements - fringe
sharpening.

UNIT-V
Two dimensional photo elasticity: Introduction – iso-chromatic fringe
patterns – isoclinic fringe patterns – compensation techniques –
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Structural Engineering 27
calibration methods – separation methods – materials for photo-
elasticity – properties of photo-elastic materials.

REFERENCES:
1. Experimental Stress Analysis- Riley and Dally
2. Experimental Stress Analysis - L.S. Srinath
3. Experimental Stress Analysis – Lee
4. Experimental Stress Analysis- Sadhu Singh

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28 2013-14

I–I L P Credits
4 - 3
(ELECTIVE I)
SUB-STRUCTURE DESIGN
UNIT-I
Soil Exploration – Importance, Terminology, planning - Geophysical
methods. Borings, location, spacing and depth, methods of boring
including drilling, stabilization of boreholes, boring records.

UNIT-II
Soil sampling – Methods of sampling -Types of samples and samplers-
cleaning of bore holes, preservation, labeling and shipment of samples
- Design considerations of open drive samplers.

UNIT-III
Shallow Foundations –Bearing capacity – General bearing capacity
equation, Meyerhof’s, Hansen’s and Vesic’s bearing capacity factors
- Bearing capacity of stratified soils - Bearing capacity based on
penetration resistance- safe bearing capacity and allowable bearing
pressure. (Ref: IS -2131 & IS 6403)

UNIT-IV
Types and choice of type. Design considerations including location
and depth, Proportioning of shallow foundations- isolated and
combined footings and mats - Design procedure for mats. Floating
foundation- Fundamentals of beams on Elastic foundations. .(Ref: IS
-456 & N.B.C. relevant volume).

UNIT-V
Pile foundations-Classification of piles-factors influencing choice-Load
-carrying capacity of single piles in clays and sands using static pile
formulae- á - â - and λ - methods –Dynamic pile formulae-limitations-
Monotonic and cyclic pile load tests – Under reamed piles.
Pile groups -Efficiency of pile groups- Different formulae-load carrying
capacity of pile groups in clays and sands – settlement of pile groups
in clays and sands – Computation of load on each pile in a group.
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Structural Engineering 29
REFERENCES:
1. Principles of Foundation Engineering by Braja M. Das.
2. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice by Terzagi and Peck
3. Foundation Design by Wayne C. Teng, John Wiley & Co.,
4. Foundation Analysis and Design by J.E. Bowles McGraw Hill
Publishing Co.,
5. Analysis and Design of sub structures by Swami Saran
6. Design Aids in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering by
Shanbaga R. Kaniraj,Tata Mc. Graw Hill.
7. Foundation Design and Construction by MJ Tomlinson –
Longman Scientific
8. A short course in Foundation Engineering by Simmons and
Menzes – ELBS.

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30 2013-14

I–I L P Credits
4 - 3
(ELECTIVE-I)
STRUCTURAL OPTMIZATION
UNIT-I
Introduction: Need and scope for optimization – statements of
optimization problems- Objective function and its surface design
variables- constraints and constraint surface- Classification of
optimization problems (various functions continuous, discontinuous
and discrete) and function behavior (monotonic and unimodal)
UNIT-II
Classical optimization techniques: Differential calculus method, multi
variable optimization by method of constrained variation and Lagrange
multipliers (generalized problem) Khun-Tucker conditions of optimality
-Fully stressed design and optimality criterion based algorithms-
introduction, characteristics of fully stressed design theoretical basis-
examples
UNIT-III
Non-Liner programming: Unconstrained minimization- Fibonacci,
golden search, Quadratic and cubic interpolation methods for a one
dimensional minimization and univariate method, Powel’s method,
Newton’s method and Davidon Fletcher Powell’s method for
multivariable optimization- Constrained minimization- Cutting plane
method- Zoutendjik’s method- penalty function methods
UNIT-IV
Linear programming: Definitions and theorems- Simplex method-
Duality in Linear programming- Plastic analysis and Minimum weight
design and rigid frame
UNIT-V
Introduction to quadratic programming: Geometric programming- and
dynamic programming- Design of beams and frames using dynamic
programming technique
REFERENCES
1. Optimization Theory and Applications – S.S. Rao, Wiley Eastern
Limited, New Delh
Optimization Concepts and Application in Engineering- Belegundu
A.D. and Chandrupatla T.R
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Structural Engineering 31

I–I L P Credits
4 - 3
(ELECTIVE-II)
REPAIR AND REHABILITATION OF STRUCTURES

1. Materials for repair and rehabilitation -Admixtures- types of admixtures-

purposes of using admixtures- chemical composition- Natural
admixtures- Fibres- wraps- Glass and Carbon fibre wraps- Steel Plates-
Non destructive evaluation: Importance- Concrete behavior under
corrosion, disintegrated mechanisms- moisture effects and thermal
effects – Visual investigation- Acoustical emission methods- Corrosion
activity measurement- chloride content – Depth of carbonation- Impact
echo methods- Ultrasound pulse velocity methods- Pull out tests.

2. Strengthening and stabilization- Techniques- design considerations-

Beam shear capacity strengthening- Shear Transfer strengthening-
stress reduction techniques- Column strengthening-flexural
strengthening- Connection stabilization and strengthening, Crack
stabilization.

3. Bonded installation techniques- Externally bonded FRP- Wet layup

sheet, bolted plate, near surface mounted FRP, fundamental debonding
mechanisms-intermediate crack debonding- CDC debonding- plate end
debonding- strengthening of floor of structures.

4. Fibre reinforced concrete- Properties of constituent materials- Mix

proportions, mixing and casting methods-Mechanical properties of
fiber reinforced concrete- applications of fibre reinforced concretes-
Light weight concrete- properties of light weight concrete- No fines
concrete- design of light weight concrete- Flyash concrete-
Introduction- classification of flyash- properties and reaction
mechanism of flyash- Properties of flyash concrete in fresh state and
hardened state- Durability of flyash concretes.

5. High performance concretes- Introduction- Development of high

performance concretes- Materials of high performance concretes-
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32 2013-14
Properties of high performance concretes- Self Consolidating concrete-
properties- qualifications.

REFERENCE:

1. Concrete technology- Neville & Brooks

2. Special Structural concrete- Rafat Siddique

3. Concrete repair and maintenance illustrated- Peter H Emmons

4. Concrete technology-M S Shetty

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Structural Engineering 33

I–I L P Credits
4 - 3
(ELECTIVE-II)
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TALL BUILDINGS
1. Design Criteria Philosophy, Materials – Modern concepts – High
Performance Concrete, Fibre Reinforced Concrete, Light weight
concrete, Self Compacting Concrete
2. Gravity Loading – Dead load, Live load, Impact load, Construction
load, Sequential loading. Wind Loading – Static and Dynamic
Approach, Analytical method, Wind Tunnel Experimental methods.
Earthquake Loading – Equivalent lateral Load analysis, Response
Spectrum Method, Combination of Loads.
3. Behavior of Structural Systems- Factors affecting the growth, height
and structural form, Behaviour of Braced frames, Rigid Frames, In-
filled frames, Shear walls, Coupled Shear walls, Wall–Frames, Tubular,
Outrigger braced, Hybrid systems.
4. Analysis and Design- Modeling for approximate analysis, Accurate
analysis and reduction techniques, Analysis of structures as an
integral unit, Analysis for member forces, drift and twist. Computerized
3D analysis. Design for differential movement, Creep and Shrinkage
effects, Temperature Effects and Fire Resistance.
5. Stability Analysis- Overall buckling analysis of frames, wall–frames,
Approximate methods, Second order effect of gravity loading, P–Delta
Effects, Simultaneous first order and P-Delta analysis, Translational
instability, Torsional Instability, Out of plumb effects, Effect of stiffness
of members and foundation rotation in stability of structures.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Bryan Stafford Smith and Alex Coull, “Tall Building Structures -
Analysis and Design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1991.
2. Taranath B.S, “Structural Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings”,
McGraw-Hill, 1988.
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34 2013-14

I–I L P Credits
4 - 3
(ELECTIVE-II)
PLASTIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
1. Introduction and basic hypothesis: Concepts of stress and strain –
relation of steel Moment curvature relation- basic difference between
elastic and plastic analysis with examples- Yield condition,
idealizations, collapse criteria- Virtual work in the elastic-plastic state-
Evaluation of fully plastic moment and shape factors for the various
practical sections.
2. Method of Limit Analysis: Introduction to limit analysis of simply
supported fixed beams and continuous beams, Effect of partial fixity
and end, invariance of collapse loads, basic theorems of limit analysis,
rectangular portal frames, gable frames, grids, superposition of
mechanisms, drawing statistical bending moment diagrams for checks.
3. Limit design Principles: Basic principles, limit design theorems,
application of limit design theorems, trial and error method, method of
combining mechanisms, plastic moment distribution method, load
replacement method, continuous beams and simple frames designs
using above principles.
4. Deflection in Plastic beams and frames: Load deflection relations for
simply supported beams, deflection of simple pin based and fixed
based portal frames, method of computing deflections.
5. Minimum weight Design: Introduction to minimum Weight and linear
Weight functions- Foulkes theorems and its geometrical analogue
and absolute minimum weight design.
REFERENCES:
1. Plastic Methods of Structural analysis- B G Neal, Chapman and Rall
publications
2. Plastic analysis and Design – C E Messennet, M A Seve

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Structural Engineering 35

I–I L P Credits
- 3 2
ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
LABORATORY
1. Strain measurement - Electrical resistance strain gauges
2. Non destructive testing- Impact Hammer test, UPV test
3. Qualifications tests on Self compaction concrete- L Box test, J Box
test, U box test, Slump test
4. Tests on Buckling of columns – Southwell plot
5. Identification of Dynamic Mode shapes and frequencies
6. Repair and rehabilitation of concrete beams
NOTE: A minimum of five experiments from the above set have to be
conducted.

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36 2013-14

I – II L P Credits
4 - 3
FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
1. Introduction: Review of stiffness method- Principle of Stationary
potential energy-Potential energy of an elastic body- Rayleigh-Ritz
method of functional approximation - variational approaches -weighted
residual methods
2. Finite Element formulation of truss element: Stiffness matrix- properties
of stiffness matrix –Selection of approximate displacement functions-
solution of a plane truss- transformation matrix and stiffness matrix
for a 3-D truss- Inclined and skewed supports- Galerkin’s method for
1-D truss – Computation of stress in a truss element.
3. Finite element formulation of Beam elements: Beam stiffness-
assemblage of beam stiffness matrix- Examples of beam analysis for
concentrated and distributed loading- Galerkin’s method - 2-D
Arbitrarily oriented beam element – inclined and skewed supports –
rigid plane frame examples
4. Finite element formulation for plane stress, plane strain and axisymmetric
problems- Derivation of CST and LST stiffness matrix and equations-
treatment of body and surface forces-Finite Element solution for plane
stress and axisymmetric problems- comparison of CST and LST
elements –convergence of solution- interpretation of stresses
5. Iso-parametric Formulation: An isoparametric bar element- plane bilinear
isoparametric element – quadratic plane element - shape functions,
evaluation of stiffness matrix, consistent nodal load vector - Gauss
quadrature- appropriate order of quadrature – element and mesh
instabilities – spurious zero energy modes, stress computation- patch
test.
REFERENCES:
1. Concepts and applications of Finite Element Analysis – Robert D.
Cook, Michael E Plesha, John Wiley & sons Publications
2. A first course in the Finite Element Method – Daryl L. Logan, Thomson
Publications.
3. Introduction to Finite Elements in Engineering- Tirupati R.
Chandrupatla, Ashok D. Belgunda, PHI publications.
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Structural Engineering 37

I – II L P Credits
4 - 3
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN
1. Engineering seismology – rebound theory – plate tectonics – seismic
waves - earthquake size and various scales – local site effects –
Indian seismicity – seismic zones of India – theory of vibrations –
near ground and far ground rotation and their effects.
2. Seismic design concepts – EQ load on simple building – load path –
floor and roof diaphragms – seismic resistant building architecture –
plan configuration – vertical configuration – pounding effects – mass
and stiffness irregularities – torsion in structural system- Provision of
seismic code (IS 1893 & 13920) – Building system – frames – shear
wall – braced frames – layout design of Moment Resisting
Frames(MRF) – ductility of MRF – Infill wall – Non- structural elements.
3. Calculation of EQ load – 3D modeling of building systems and analysis
(theory only) Design and ductile detailing of Beams and columns of
frames Concept of strong column weak beams, Design and ductile
detailing of shear walls
4. Cyclic loading behavior of RC, steel and pre- stressed concrete
elements - modern concepts- Base isolation – Adaptive systems –
case studies.
5. Retrofitting and restoration of buildings subjected to damage due to
earthquakes- effects of earthquakes – factors related to building
damages due to earthquake- methods of seismic retrofitting- restoration
of buildings
REFERENCES
1. Pankaj Agarwal and Manish ShriKhande, Earthquake Resistant Design
of Structures, Prentice – Hall of India, 2007, New Delhi.
2. Bullen K.E., Introduction to the Theory of Seismology, Great Britain at
the University Printing houses, Cambridge University Press 1996.
3. Relevant code of practices.
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38 2013-14

I – II L P Credits
4 - 3
STABILITY OF STRUCTURES
1. Beam columns: Differential equation for beam columns – Beams column
with concentrated loads – continuous lateral load – couples – Beam
column with built in ends – continuous beams with axial load –
application of Trigonometric series – Determination of allowable
stresses.
2. Elastic buckling of bars : Elastic buckling of straight columns – Effect
of shear stress on buckling – Eccentrically and laterally loaded columns
–Sway & Non Sway mode - Energy methods – Buckling of a bar on
elastic foundation – Buckling of bar with intermediate compressive
forces and distributed axial loads – Buckling of bars with change in
cross section – Effect of shear force on critical load – Built up columns
– Effect of Initial curvature on bars – Buckling of frames – Sway &
Non Sway mode.
3. In-elastic buckling: Buckling of straight bars – Double modulus theory
Tangent modulus theory. Experiments and design formulae:
Experiments on columns – Critical stress diagram – Empirical formulae
of design – various end conditions – Design of columns based on
buckling. Mathematical Treatment of stability problems: Buckling
problem orthogonality relation – Ritz method –Stiffness method and
formulation of Geometric stiffness matrix- Applications to simple frames
4. Torsional Buckling: Pure torsion of thin walled bars of open cross
section – Non uniform torsion of thin walled bars of open cross
section - Torsional buckling – Buckling of Torsion and Flexure.
5. Lateral Buckling of simply supported Beams: Beams of rectangular
cross section subjected for pure bending, Buckling of I Section
subjected to pure bending.
REFERENCES:
1. Theory of Elastic stability by Timshenko & Gere-Mc Graw Hill
2. Theory of Stability of Structures by Alexander ChaJes.
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Structural Engineering 39

I – II L P Credits
4 - 3
THEORY OF PLATES AND SHELLS
1. Derivation of governing differential equation for plate– in plane
bending and transverse bending effects- Rectangular plates: Plates
under various loading conditions like concentrated, uniformly
distributed load and hydrostatic pressure. Navier and Levy’s type of
solutions for various boundary condition.
2. Circular plates: Symmetrically loaded, circular plates under various
loading conditions, Annular plates.
3. Introduction to Shells- Single and double curvature- Equations of
Equilibrium of Shells: Derivation of stress resultants, Principles of
membrane theory and bending theory.
4. Cylindrical Shells: Derivation of the governing DKJ equation for
bending theory, details of Schorer’s theory. Application to the analysis
and design of short and long shells. Use of ASCE Manual coefficients
for the design.
5. Beam theory of cylindrical shells: Beam and arch action. Design of
diaphragms - Geometry analysis and design of elliptic Paraboloid,
Conoidal and Hyperbolic Paraboloid shapes by membrane theory.
REFERENCES:
1. Theory of Plates and Shells – Timoshenko and Krieger, McGraw-Hill
book company, INC, New york.
2. K. Chandra Sekhara
3. A Text Book of Plate Analysis – Bairagi, K, Khanna Publisher, New
Delhi.
4. Design and Construction of Concrete Shell Roofs – Ramaswamy, G.S,
Mc Graw – Hill, New York.

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40 2013-14

I – II L P Credits
4 - 3
(ELECTIVE –III)
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
1. General principles of Pre-stressing- Pre-tensioning and Post tensioning
- Pre tensioning and Post tensioning methods- Different systems of
Pre-stressing- Analysis of prestress and Bending stresses– Resultant
– stress at a section – pressure line – concept of load balancing –
stresses in tendons.
2. Losses of Pre-stressing- Loss of Pre-stress in pre-tensioned and post
tensioned members due to various causes -Elastic shortening of
concrete, shrinkage of concrete, creep of concrete, Relaxation of steel,
slip in anchorage, differential shrinkage- bending of members and
frictional losses- Long term losses
3. Flexural, shear; torsional resistance and design of Prestressed concrete
section. Types of flexural failure – code procedures-shear and principal
stresses – Prestressed concrete members in torsion – Design of
sections for flexure, Axial Tension, Compression and bending, shear,
Bond
4. Analysis of continuous beams –Elastic theory- Linear transformation
and Concordant tendons- Deflections of pre-stressed concrete beams:
Importance of control of deflections- factors influencing deflections-
short term deflections of un-cracked member – prediction of long term
deflections
5. Analysis of end blocks: By Guyon’s method and Magnel’s method,
Anchorage zone stresses- Approximate method of design- anchorage
zone reinforcement- transfer of pre stresses- pre tensioned members-
Composite sections: Introduction-Analysis for stresses- differential
shrinkage- general design considerations
REFERENCES:
1. Prestressed Concrete- N. Krishna Raju
2. Prestressed Concrete- S. Ramamrutham
3. Prestressed Concrete- P. Dayaratnam
4. Prestressed Concrete- [Link]
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Structural Engineering 41

I – II L P Credits
4 - 3
(ELECTIVE –III)
MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
1. Introduction to Composite Materials: Introduction ,Classification:
Polymer Matrix Composites, Metal Matrix Composites, Ceramic Matrix
Composites, Carbon–Carbon Composites, Fiber-Reinforced
Composites and nature-made composites, and application-
Reinforcements: Fibres- Glass, Silica, Kevlar, carbon, boron, silicon
carbide, and born carbide fibres. Particulate composites, Polymer
composites, Thermoplastics, Thermosetts, Metal matrix and ceramic
composites.-Manufacturing methods: Autoclave, tape production,
moulding methods, filament winding, man layup, pultrusion, RTM.

2. Macromechanical Analysis of a Lamina: Introduction, Definitions:

Stress, Strain ,Elastic Moduli, Strain Energy. Hooke’s Law for Different
Types of Materials, Hooke’s Law for a Two-Dimensional Unidirectional
Lamina, Plane Stress Assumption, Reduction of Hooke’s Law in Three
Dimensions to Two Dimensions, Relationship of Compliance and
Stiffness Matrix to Engineering Elastic Constants of a Lamina,

3. Hooke’s Law for a Two-Dimensional Angle Lamina, Engineering

Constants of an Angle Lamina, Invariant Form of Stiffness and
Compliance Matrices for an Angle Lamina Strength Failure Theories
of an Angle Lamina : Maximum Stress Failure Theory Strength Ratio,
Failure Envelopes, Maximum Strain Failure Theory ,Tsai–Hill Failure
Theory, Tsai–Wu Failure Theory, Comparison of Experimental Results
with Failure Theories. Hygrothermal Stresses and Strains in a Lamina:
Hygrothermal Stress–Strain Relationships for a Unidirectional Lamina,
Hygrothermal Stress–Strain Relationships for an Angle Lamina

4. Micromechanical Analysis of a Lamina :Introduction, Volume and

Mass Fractions, Density, and Void Content, Evaluation of the Four
Elastic Moduli, Strength of Materials Approach, Semi-Empirical Models,
Elasticity Approach, Elastic Moduli of Lamina with Transversely
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42 2013-14
Isotropic Fibers, Ultimate Strengths of a Unidirectional Lamina,
Coefficients of Thermal Expansion, Coefficients of Moisture Expansion
5. Macromechanical Analysis of Laminates: Introduction , Laminate
Code , Stress–Strain Relations for a Laminate, In-Plane and Flexural
Modulus of a Laminate , Hygrothermal Effects in a Laminate, Warpage
of Laminates -Failure, Analysis, and Design of Laminates :
Introduction , Special Cases of Laminates, Failure Criterion for a
Laminate, Design of a Laminated Composite
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials by Isaac and M Daniel,
Oxford University Press, 1994.
2. B. D. Agarwal and L. J. Broutman, Analysis and performance of fibre
Composites, Wiley- Interscience, New York, 1980.
3. Mechanics of Composite Materials, Second Edition (Mechanical
Engineering), By Autar K. Kaw ,Publisher: CRC

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Structural Engineering 43

I – II L P Credits
4 - 3
(ELECTIVE –III)
FRACTURE MECHANICS
1. Introduction: Fundamentals of elastic and plastic behaviour of
materials- stresses in a plate with a hole – Stress Concentration factor-
modes of failure- Brittle fracture and ductile fracture- history of fracture
mechanics-Griffiths criteria for crack propagation cracks- Energy
release rate, GI GII and GIII - Critical energy release rate GIc , GIIc and
GIIIc – surface energy - R curves – compliance.
2. Principles of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics: SOM vs Fracture
Mechanics -stressed based Criteria for fracture- Stress Intensity
Factors- KI KII and KIII – Critical stress Intensity Factors, KIc KIIc and
KIIc – crack tip plastic zone – Erwin’s plastic zone correction -Critical
crack length-Load carrying capacity of a cracked component- Design
of components based on fracture mechanics.
3. Mixed mode crack propagation- Maximum tangential stress criterion –
crack propagation angle -Material characterisation by Crack Tip
Opening Displacements (CTOD)- Crack Mouth Opening Displacement
(CMOD)- Critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc) –critical
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMODc).
4. Fatigue Crack propagation- Fatigue load parameters Fatigue crack
growth curve –Threshold stress intensity factor-Paris law- Retardation
effects.
5. Applications of fracture Mechanics to concrete- reasons –strain
softening behaviour –Bazant’s size effect law.
REFERENCES
1. Elementary engineering fracture mechanics – David Broek – Sijthoff
& Noordhoff – Netherlands.
1. Elements of Fracture Mechanics – Prasanth Kumar, wiley Eastern
Publications
2. Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and applications – T. L. Andrason,
PhD, CRC publications
3. Fracture Mechanics of Concrete: Applications of fracture mechanics
to concrete, Rock, and other quasi-brittle materials, Surendra P. Shah,
Stuart E. Swartz, Chengsheng Ouyang, John Wiley & Son publications.
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44 2013-14

I – II L P Credits
4 - 3
(ELECTIVE –IV)
INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES
1. Planning and functional requirements- classification of industries and
industrial structures- planning for layout- requirements regarding
lighting ventilation and fire safety- protection against noise and
vibrations
2. Industrial buildings- roofs for industrial buildings (Steel) - design of
gantry girder- design of corbels and nibs- machine foundations
3. Design of Folded plates- Design considerations- analysis of folded
plates- analysis of multibay folded plates- design of diaphragm beam
4. Power plant structures- Bunkers and silos- chimney and cooling towers-
Nuclear containment structures
5. Power transmission structures- transmission line towers- tower
foundations- testing towers
REFERENCES:
1. Advanced reinforced concrete design- N. Krishnam Raju
2. Handbook on machine foundations- P. Srinivasulu and C.V.
Vaidyanathan
3. Tall Chimneys- Design and construction – S.N. Manohar
4. Transmission Line Structures- A.R. Santakumar and S.S. Murthy
5. SP 32: 1986, Handbook on functional requirements of Industrial
buildings
6. Design of shells- K. Chandrasekhara

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Structural Engineering 45

I – II L P Credits
4 - 3
(ELECTIVE –IV)
BRIDGE ENGINEERING
1. Masonry arch Bridge design details- Rise, radius, and thickness of
arch- Arch ring- Dimensioning of sub structures- Abutments pier and
end connections.(Ref: IRC- SP-13)
2. Super Structure: Slab bridge- Wheel load on slab- effective width
method- slabs supported on two edges- cantilever slabs- dispersion
length- Design of interior panel of slab- Pigeaud’s method- design of
longitudinal girders- Guyon-Messonet method- Hendry Jaegar
method- Courbon’s theory. (Ref: IRC-21), voided slabs, T-Beam bridges.
3. Plate girder bridges- Elements of plate girder and their design-web-
flange- intermediate stiffener- vertical stiffeners- bearing stiffener-
design problem
4. Prestressed Concrete and Composite bridges- Preliminary dimensions-
flexural and torsional parameters- Courbon’s Theory – Distribution
coefficients by exact analysis- design of girder section- maximum and
minimum prestressing forces- eccentricity- live load and dead load
shear forces- cable zone in girder- check for stresses at various
sections- check for diagonal tension- diaphragms and end block
design- short term and long term deflections- Composite action of
composite brides- shear connectors- composite or transformed
section- design problem. (Ref: IRC: Section-VI)
5. Sub structure- Abutments- Stability analysis of abutments- piers- loads
on piers – Analysis of piers- Design problem(Ref: IRC-13, IRC-21,
IRC-78)- Pipe culvert- Flow pattern in pipe culvers- culvert alignment-
culvert entrance structure- Hydraulic design and structural design of
pipe culverts- reinforcements in pipes .(Ref: IRC: SP-13)
REFERENCES:
1. Design of concrete bridges- Aswini, Vazirani, Ratwani
2. Essentials of bridge engineering- Jhonson Victor D
3. Design of bridges- Krishna Raju
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46 2013-14

I – II L P Credits
4 - 3
(ELECTIVE –IV)
EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES
1. Earth pressures – Different types and their coefficients- Classical
Theories of Earth pressure – Rankine’s and Coulomb’s Theories for
Active and Passive earth pressure- Computation of Lateral Earth
Pressure in Homogeneous and Layered soils- Graphical solutions for
Coulomb’s Theory in active and passive conditions.
2. Retaining walls – different types - Type of Failures of Retaining Walls
– Stability requirements – Drainage behind Retaining walls – Provision
of Joints – Relief Shells.
3. Sheet Pile Structures – Types of Sheet piles – Cantilever sheet piles in
sands and clays – Anchored sheet piles – Free earth and Fixed earth
support methods – Row’s moment reduction method – Location of
anchors, Forces in anchors.
4. Soil reinforcement – Reinforced earth - Different components – their
functions – Mechanics of reinforced earth – Failure modes-Failure
theories – Design of Embakments on problematic soils.
5. Braced cuts and Cofferdams: Lateral Pressure in Braced cuts – Design
of Various Components of a Braced cut – Stability of Braced cuts –
Bottom Heave in cuts. – types of cofferdam, suitability, merits and
demerits – Design of single – wall cofferdams and their stability aspects
– TVA method and Cummins’ methods.
REFERENCES
1. Principles of Foundation Engineering by Braja M. Das.
2. Foundation analysis and design – Bowles, JE – McGraw Hill
3. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice – Terzaghi, K and Rolph, B.
peck 2nd Edn. – John Wiley & Co.,
4. Analysis and Design of Foundations and Retaining Structures,
Prakash, S – Saritha Prakashan, Mearut.
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Structural Engineering 47

I – II L P Credits
- 3 2
CAD LABORATORY

Analysis and Design using STADD, STRAP, STRUDS, ANSYS

1. Programming for beams subject to different loading (mandatory).
2. Analysis of reinforced concrete multistoried building
3. Analysis of steel transmission line tower
4. Analysis of plane and space truss
5. Analysis of plane and space frame
6. Determination of mode shapes and frequencies of tall buildings using
lumped mass (stick model) approximation
7. Wind analysis on tall structure
8. Analysis of pre stressed concrete bridge girder
9. Analysis of Cylindrical shell
NOTE: A minimum of eight (including item 1) from the above set have to be
conducted.

REFERENCE:
Computer aided design laboratory (Civil Engineering) by Shesha
Prakash and Suresh.s

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