6.

Energy
Observe both the given pictures. In which picture is more energy used?

1. 2

We require do all
energy to work, for example, for
our

running, playing, or studying. Non-living things such

as
cars, trains, and aeroplanes also ACTIVITY
require energy to
move. What is Rub your hands
energy?(Energy is the capacity or ability together.
to do work.) After some time, you will
observe that your hands are
Forms of Energy warmer. This is due to the
production of heat energy.
Ihere are different forms of energy: heat, light,
electrical, and mechanical energy
Heat energy
He is an
eat important form of energy. Heat energy
obtaine by burning substances such as wood,
tained
is

and gas. coal, ol

We use heat
energy for cooking food.
heat energy
eat energy is also used for producing electricity. The
IECtricity produced using heat energy is called thermal
electricity 211
 Light energy
LIght energy helps us to see the things around us. Some sources
of light energy are electric bulb, tube light, and candle. Sun 15a

natural source of light energy.

Electrical energy light energy

Electrical energy is used tooperate many kinds of machines and appliances such as f
televisions, refrigerators, and computers. tans
We can use electrical energy to produce heat.

Example: heaters
We can also use electrical energy to produce light.
Example: electric bulbs

Mechanical energY
Mechanical energy is produced by machines.
Most machines work on electricity, for example, mixer-grinders and
electrical energy
fans. In these machines, electrical energy is converted to mechanical
energy

Choose the correct answer.

1. We use
(heat/light/food/sound) energy for cooking food.
******* **************.

2. ************** ******
.

(Coal/Tubelight/Petrol/Water) is a source of light energy

3. In a
mixer-grinder,. (electrical/solar/sound/heat) energy is
converted to mechanical energy.

Natural Sources of Energy

Our main natural sources of energy are the Sun, This is interesting!
Wind, and water. White materials reflect all the
light that falls on them, whereas
black materials absorb all the
Solar energy
light that falls on them.
The energy we get from the sun is called solare
The sun gives us heat and light energy.
Green plants trap light energy trom the sun to prepare food by the process or
212 l t
 photosynthesis. We eat the food made by plants
and get energy to do work. Therefore, we directly

depend on plants and indirectly depend on the

sun for our energy.

Solar energy is also used to heat water, and even

to cook food by using solar cookers.

Wind energy solar energy

Moving air has energy. Windmills trap this energy and use it to do the following
runwheat-grinding machines

pumpwater
Fact File!
produce electricity Wind speed and the
India has set up wind direction of wind can
farms along the coast to be measured by an
instrument called
produce wind energy
anemometer.

Water energy windmill

When water flows or falls from a height, energy can be generated. The energy of flowing
water can be used to produce electricity. Electricity produced by this method is called
hydroelectricity.
Electricity is generated from water in large
water-power plants using turbines and generators.

here are many steps involved in produc1ng electricity

from flowing water.

Fuels
hydro-electric power station
uels are substances that are burned to produce energy.
Xamples: coal, gas, oil, and petrol
Fue
shave energy stored in them. This energy is released GLOSSAR
Durning them. Fuels are used for cooking food, running exhaustible: something that
vehicles, and for many other purposes. can be used up completely

Fuels
Such as coal, gas, and petroleum are natural,
e
Anaustible, and limited sources of energy
213
 Energy from Food
to
All living things need food. Food provides us energy
do work. The energy is used by our body according to
the work we do.
Food contains chemical energy.
to
The chemical energy from food gets converted
muscular energy when we do work.
food gives us energy

Conversion of Energy
form another. This
Energy can change from one to

is called transformation ofenergy

1. In batteries, chemical energy is converted into
electrical energy. ECA

2. In appliances such as mixers, grinders, and fans,

electrical energy is converted to mechanical

energy chemical energy

3. In tube lights and light bulbs, electrical energy is
converted to heat and light energy.
4. In loudspeakers and radios, electrical energy Is converted to sound energy.

Choose the correct answer.

1. Green plants trap.. ...(light/

wind/sound/heat) energy from the ACTIVITY

sun to prepare their own food.

Take a magnifying glass (lens).
2. Food contains Hold it in front of the sun. Place a
(electrical/chemical/food/sound)
paper beneath the lens. The paper
energy.
burns after some time. This is
3. In a battery,
(chemical/mechanical/solar/sound) because the light energy of the sun
energy is converted to electrical is converted into heat energy
energy Do not look at the sun directly.
This activity should be done oniy
under adult supervision.

214 d
 Sources of Energy
Alternative
he $Ources of energy that are likely to disappear in the future because they cannot be
The
lenished after use are called non-renewable sources of energy. For example, coal
reple
and d petroleum take millions of
years to form and cannot be replenished as soon as they
used
are used
re up. Thus, coal and petroleum are non-
renewable sources of energy. They are known as
fossil fuels.

with the increase in world population, we are now

facing a shortage of natural sources of energy. As
coal and petroleum are available only in limited
Quantities, there is a need to shift to alternative
sOurces ot energy.
Coal
Examples: solar energy (energy of the sun), wind
energy (energy of the wind), water energy
(energy produced by water), and biogas
GLOSSARY
These sources of energy are not fossil fuels: fuels such
likely to as coal and
get exhausted by human activities, or are petroleum, which were formed millions
of years ago from dead
produced continuously in nature. buried under the
plants or animals
ground
Theyare called renewable sources of alternative sources of
energy: sources
of energy other than fossil fuels, such as
energy solar, wind, and water
energy
Theyare also non-polluting sources of
energy.
You are already
familiar with the uses of solar
wind energy, and water
biogas a source of energy obtained from energy,
is energy.
animal and plant
as a fuel for
cooking8 (organic) wastes. It is used

ome of the reasons

why we need to shift to Fact Filel
alternative sources of
energy are as follows: Non-renewable sources
.to prevent of
exhaustion of the existing reserves energy are also called
of coal and exhaustible sources of
.
petroleum energy and renewable
to Sources of energy are
prevent air pollution and to
environment protect our also called inexhaustible
sources of energy.

} 215
 Recall
Energy

forms of natural sources conversion of

alternative
energy of energy energy sources of energy
heat energy solar
batteries solar energy
energy chemical to
electrical wind energy
ight energ8y wind
energy mixer
electrical
grinder,
water energy
energy water
fans
mechanical
energy electrical to biogas
mechanical
energy
tube light
electrical to light

loudspeakers,
radios-electrical
to sound

EXERCISES
1. Match the following. Po
Column A Column B
(a) light energy (1) used to operate machines
(b) mechanical energy (2) loudspeakers
(c) electrical energy (3) the energy that helps us to see
(d) wind energy (4) produced by machines
(e)soundenergy (5) windmills
216
 the correct answer and fill in the blanks.
Ch
se
o
(a)The.
. . is a natural source of light energy.
(1) sun (2) Jupiter (3) Earth (4) Venus
(b) The energy that we get from the sun is called..
energy
(1) wind (2) solar (3) water (4) electric
ic) Energy
from moving air is called .energy
(1) solar (2) wind (3) tidal (4) water
is obtained trom
*********
. .

organic wastes.
(1) LPG (2) Biogas (3) Solar energy (4) Water

. Puta()if the sentence is correct or a (*) ifit is wrong.

(a) Heat is a form of energy.
(b) Sun, wind, and water are natural sources of energy.
(c)Theenergy we get from the sun is called solar energy.
(d) Green plants do not depend on sunlight for photosynthesis.
(e) Fuels such as coal and petroleum are renewable resources.
4. Answer the following questions.
(a) What is energy? (b) What is solar energy?
(c)Whatis hydroelectricity? (d) What is biogas?
(e) Why are coal and petroleum considered non-renewable sources of energy?

Activity
Geothermal energy is the heat energy that is present deep inside Earth. 'Geo' means Earth and
thermal means heat. Geothermal energy is obtained when underground water is heated by
molten rocks present deep inside Earth.
idal energy is the energy obtained from the moving water oftides and ocean currents.
Find out about the places where we can harness geothermal energy and tidal energy in India.

A Value for Life O

Viydky watches some television in the living room. Atfter some time, he gets bored and goes to his
TOom to do some
om drawing, He leaves the television on and the fan running in the living [Link]
witches on the light in his room in the middle of the day.
[Link] you think Vicky's actions are correct?
[Link] would you doif you were in Vicky's place?
h 217