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Understanding Socialization Processes

Socialization, its for physiotherapy students

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28 views6 pages

Understanding Socialization Processes

Socialization, its for physiotherapy students

Uploaded by

markandgamer
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Socialization

In sociology, socialization is the process


of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society. Socialization encompasses
both learning and teaching and is thus "the means by which social
and cultural continuity are [Link] is strongly connected
to developmental psychology. Humans need social experiences to learn their
culture and to survive.]

The newborn is merely an organism. Socialisation makes him responsive to the


society. He is socially active. He becomes a ‘Purush’ and the culture that his
group inculcates in him, humanises him, and makes him ‘Manusha’. The
process indeed, is endless. The cultural pattern of his group, in the process gets
incorporated in the personality of a child. It prepares him to fit in the group
and to perform the social roles. It sets the infant on the line of social order and
enables an adult to fit into the new group. It enables the man to adjust himself
to the new social order.

Socialisation stands for the development of the human brain, body, attitude,
behaviour and so forth. Socialisation is known as the process of inducting the
individual into the social world. The term socialisation refers to the process of
interaction through which the growing individual learns the habits, attitudes,
values and beliefs of the social group into which he has been born.

From the point of view of society, socialisation is the way through which
society transmits its culture from generation to generation and maintains
itself. From the point of view of the individual, socialisation is the process by
which the individual learns social behaviour, develops his ‘self.

The process operates at two levels, one within the infant which is called the
internalisation of objects around and the other from the outside. Socialisation
may be viewed as the “internalisation of social norms. Social rules become
internal to the individual, in the sense that they are self-imposed rather than
imposed by means of external regulation and are thus part of individual’s own
personality.

The individual therefore feels an urge to conform. Secondly, it may be viewed


as essential element of social interaction. In this case, individuals become
socialised as they act in accordance with the expectations of others..

Types of Socialization

Primary Socialisation:
Primary socialization is early childhood socialization. It is called primary
socialization in a sense; it is the beginning of the socialization process, it occurs
first and it is the most crucial stage of socialization for later development. This
stage is considered to be the development stage in children in which their
personality and self-concept is developed; they acquire cognitive abilities,
language and internalize norms and values. Moreover, they establish
emotional ties and pick up other roles and perspectives.
.
Secondary socialization
The process can be seen at work outside the immediate family, in the ‘peer
group’. The growing child learns very important lessons in social conduct from
his peers. He also learns lessons in the school. Hence, socialisation continues
beyond and outside the family environment. Secondary socialisation generally
refers to the social training received by the child in institutional or formal
settings and continues throughout the rest of his life,

Agencies of Socialization:

The process of socialization is operative not only in childhood but through out
life. It is a process, which begins at birth and continues unceasingly until the
death of the individual. It is an incessant process. Formerly, the term
socialization had not been applied to adult learning experiences but had been
restricted to children. More recently, however, the concept of socialization has
been broadened to include aspects of adult behavior as well. It is now thought
of “as an interaction process whereby a person’s behavior is modified to
confirm with expectations held by members of the groups to which he
belongs”.
Agency # 1. The Family:
The family gets the baby first. Hence the process of socialisation begins in the
family. A child is born with some basic abilities that are genetically transmitted
through germplasm. These abilities and capacities are shaped in ways
determined by culture.

The mother with whom the relation of the child is the most intimate plays a
significant role in the process of moulding the child in the initial stages.
Subsequently, father and older siblings transmit to the child many other
values, knowledge and skill that children are expected to acquire in that
particular society.

Agency # 2. The Peer Group:


The playmates and friends are also an important agency of socialization. The
relation between the child and his playmates is one of equality. It is based on
co-operation and mutual understanding. They are mostly of similar age. The
child acquires something from his friends and playmates, which he cannot
acquire from parents. From them he acquires co-operative morality and some
of the informal aspects of culture like fashions, fads, crazes, modes of
gratification and forbidden knowledge. The knowledge of such things is
necessary from the social point of view. To take an example, the knowledge of
sex relations is considered in our society something undesirable for a youth till
he gets married. If such knowledge is banned strictly until marriage, the
performance of numerous functions of sex life may be difficult later marriage.
This knowledge the child acquires from his friends and playmates.
Agency # 3. The School:
When the child comes to the school, his formal indoctrination into the culture
of the society begins. He is exposed to a wider background than hitherto
known to him. He is formally introduced to the lore and the learning, the arts
and the sciences, the values and the beliefs, the customs and taboos of the
society from a wider circle, his teachers play a very significant role.

The child may admire, respect and love some of his teachers. The impression
which they make during this impressionable age lasts almost throughout his
life.
Agency # 4. The Books:
In literate societies another important agency of socialisation is the printed
word in books and magazines. Our cultural world—experiences and
knowledge, values and beliefs, superstitions and prejudices—is expressed in
words.

“Words rush at us in torrent and cascade; they leap into our vision as in
newspaper, magazine and textbook…… The words are always written by
someone and these people too—authors and editors and advertisers— join the
teachers, the peers and the parents in the socialisation process”.

Agency # 5. The Mass Media:


Apart from newspapers which carry printed words, the two other mass media,
viz., the radio and television, exercise tremendous influence in the socialisation
process. They “assault our ears” and communicate directly their messages and
these messages also “contain in capsule form the premises of our culture, its
attitudes and ideologies”.

The role of television, in particular, is very significant. It communicates directly


to both our ears and eyes and thus leaves a strong impression.

In individual cases, of course, the importance of these influences varies.


Different people react to the same suggestion differently. Responses vary in
terms of their natural

predilections. “Some of us respect tradition; others fear the opinion of their


peers; and still others prefer to listen to the ‘thousand tongues’ of
conscience”.
David Riesman has characterised the first group as ‘tradition-directed’, the
second as ‘other directed’ and the third as ‘inner-directed’. While discussing
the nature and impact of socialisation process, one cannot afford to ignore
these innate characteristics of human nature.

Socialization in hospital-

As the delivery of high-quality medical care becomes increasingly dependent


on the attitudes and behaviors of health care workers, more analysis of
personnel programs designed for hospital employees is needed.
Job satisfaction- Socialization promote happier work life in hospital
Good healthcare out come- Batter care and excilent treatment by means of
socialization.
Hospital management- The socialization help to control the nursing services as
well as medical and other healthcare services.
Improving Organisational climate-It means the social environment a people
how to feel about a particular organization good social help batter feeling and
batter understanding between the organisational or hospital professional
make happier work life and which promote batter outcome.
Reduce stress among health care professional- Socialization help to manage
stress among health care professional.
Socializationa in Rehabilitation of Patient:-
Rehabilatation is a treatment or treatement designed to facilitate the process
of recovery from injury, ilness, or dises to as normal a condition as possible.
Importance of socialisation in Rehabilitation of patient:-
To restore from physical, mental and social medicine.
To care give to patient.
To cure the diseses , it’s a social medicine .
To diagnosis of dises .
To counseliing and guidance.

Common questions

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Socialization in early childhood is crucial as it is the stage where personality and self-concept are developed. During primary socialization, children acquire cognitive abilities and internalize norms and values, establishing emotional ties and adopting various roles and perspectives . These interactions within the family and later with peers and school environments help shape the child's self-concept by providing different social experiences and feedback that encourages self-awareness and adaptability .

Secondary socialization extends beyond the family unit as it involves formal and informal learning experiences outside the home, such as those provided by schools, peer groups, and media. It continues throughout life, adapting to the changing social roles individuals encounter as students, employees, and citizens, thereby helping them conform to societal expectations at different stages of their lives . This ongoing process equips individuals with the skills needed to navigate new environments and social structures efficiently, making it lifelong .

Adult socialization in professional settings, especially healthcare, involves adapting behaviors and attitudes to meet workplace norms and expectations. Challenges include managing diverse personalities, stress, and maintaining work-life balance. However, benefits include improved job satisfaction and organizational climate, which can lead to better patient care and professional relationships. Effective socialization fosters a supportive work environment that enhances both employee well-being and healthcare outcomes .

Peer groups play a critical role in the socialization process as they offer a form of interaction based on equality, cooperation, and mutual understanding that is distinct from familial relationships. Peers provide children and adolescents with unique social experiences and knowledge, including informal aspects of culture such as fads and fashions, which they may not acquire from parents. This peer interaction is essential for developing cooperative skills, moral reasoning, and understanding complex social dynamics, preparing them for adult social environments .

Mass media is a powerful agent of socialization due to its pervasive and direct communication channels, such as radio, television, and the internet, which continually expose individuals to cultural attitudes and ideologies. Media influences public perception and can reinforce or challenge societal norms, thereby shaping individual and collective ideologies. This shaping occurs through the consistent dissemination of cultural narratives, values, and beliefs, making mass media a critical contributor to societal continuity and change .

Differentiating between 'tradition-directed', 'other-directed', and 'inner-directed' characteristics highlights the variability in how individuals respond to socialization based on innate predispositions. 'Tradition-directed' individuals resist change, adhering to established norms; 'other-directed' individuals are influenced by peer opinions and adapt accordingly; 'inner-directed' individuals prioritize personal values. These distinctions affect how socialization processes are internalized and can lead to diverse outcomes in behavior and adaptation to societal norms, emphasizing the need to consider individual differences in socialization strategies .

The concept of "internalization of social norms" refers to the process by which social rules become part of an individual's own set of principles, making them self-imposed rather than externally enforced. This internalization is crucial in the socialization process as it leads individuals to conform willingly to societal expectations, influencing behaviors and attitudes from within. The result is a sense of moral obligation and adherence to social rules that guide behavior, contributing to the individual's role within society and its overall cohesion .

Books and other written media are significant agents of socialization in literate societies because they convey cultural experiences, knowledge, values, and beliefs in a structured manner. Through reading, individuals encounter diverse perspectives and complex ideas, which help them develop critical thinking skills and understand societal norms and ideologies. Written media thus plays a key role in both preserving cultural heritage and enabling individual learning and social development .

Socialization plays a critical role in patient rehabilitation by facilitating recovery through social support, guidance, and interaction. It helps patients adapt to their new physical or mental conditions, learn necessary coping strategies, and engage with social networks that provide emotional and practical resources. This support system is essential for motivating patients and improving their quality of life during recovery .

The family is the primary socialization agent, playing a pivotal role in molding the child's basic abilities and capacities according to cultural norms. The intimate relationship with the mother and other family members at this stage helps instill initial values, skills, and knowledge, serving as a foundation for future social interactions. This groundwork ensures that as children grow and encounter broader social contexts, they have a baseline of social conduct and understanding from which to build and adapt .

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