Situation 8 - A 12-meter-long beam is simply supported at both ends.

It Situation 9 - A wide flange is used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is

is carrying a uniform load w (kN/m) including beam weight distributed sloped at 0 = 20° from the horizontal. The trusses are 8 m apart and the
throughout the span, along with a concentrated load P = 30 kN located purlins are spaced at 3 m on centers along the top chord.
3 meters from each end of the span. Bending is about the major x-axis. Loads: w1 = 1.8 kN/m, w2 = 2.16 kN/m, w3 = 1.44 kN/m
Given: Properties of wide flange: 1 8 .

Properties of W540 mmx150 kg/m Sx = 2.74x10^5 mm3, Sy = 0.94×10^5 mm3

Area, A = 19,225 mm Zx = 3.01x10^5 mmg, Zy = 1.03x10^5 mm3
e 1 443
Depth, d = 540 mm Fy = 345 MPa, E = 200 GPa .

2 16
Flange Width, b, = 310 mm
.

25. What is the maximum bending stress

Flange Thickness, t = 20 mm fox (MPa) about the x-axis?
Web Thickness, tw = 12.5 mm Em A. 157.7 C. 81.6
Elastic Section Modulus, B. 86.1 D. 150.7
Sx = 3.72x 10⁶ mm³; Sy = 0.66x 10⁶ mm³
COS
25 155
E = 200 GPa
22. Compute the maximum w (kN/m) based on shear. Allowable web
shear, Fvw = 88 MPa. L= 8 M

More
A. 96.5 C. 99.0 88 2 ) .
=
B. 94.0 D. 47.0

3
26. What is the maximum bending stress fby (MPa) about the y-axis?
23. Compute the maximum w (kN/m) based on moment. Allowable A. 176.6 C. 151.3
1 354 acting on flange
bending stress, Fb = 135 MPa. B. 167.7 D. 115.3 sin = .

holt-acts only
A. 27.90 C. 22.90
=

&

Sin
B. 11.45 D. 7.63
3 Sin . 739
0
6 +3 62 3

24. What should be the camber (mm) at the midspan due to P only?
A. 7.40 C. 6.50
B. 5.60 D. 4.70
3303
27. What is the maximum wu (kN/m) that cause bending about x-axis based
-
2
on Mu? Resistance Factor for Flexure, Ф = 0.90.
Nominal Capacity, Mn = FyZ
ret A. 11.68 B. 12.98
, so
C. 16.18 D. 18.29 11 683 .

· 548 G

W W

Situation 10 - The section shown is subjected to prestressing, with the 29. Calculate the stress (MPa) at the bottom fiber at L/4 due to
cable following a linear profile to ensure structural stability. The joist is prestress alone.
simply supported on a span of 12 m A. 7.95 T C. 2.18 C
B. 7.95 C D. 2.18 T
I

I
35
-

7 96.

2 25015
B
.

30. What is the maximum final prestressing force (kN) due to dead
load and prestress that will not produce tensile stress at the midspan?
-
A. 1421 C. 1241
Eccentricity at the supports = 60 mm above N.A. B. 738 D. 468
Eccentricity at the midspan = 280 mm below N.A.
Section properties:
Area, A = 2.25×105 mm negligible
Moment of Inertia, INA = 5×109 mm
Unit weight, yc = 24 kN/m3
35
.
EN b160 = .
2

Superimposed Dead Load = 3.5 kN/m

Dimensions: & 280355
h = 520 mm, t = 75 mm, yt = 165 mm, a = 150 mm, b = 75 mm 2 25015
Final prestressing force, P = 650 kN P 467 6 k
.

= .

28. Calculate the stress (MPa) at the top fiber near the support due to
1 + Ged e55 D
prestress alone.
A. 2.88 C C. 4.17 C
B. 2.88 T D. 4.17 T Pe
2 25015
.
 Situation 20 - A 300 mm thick concrete wall is to be centrally located on a
Situation 19 - Given the following data for a one-way slab.
footing. The allowable soil bearing pressure is 144 kPa.
Thickness, t = 125 mm
58. Given:
Clear cover to reinforcement = 20 mm
Thickness of Footing = 450 mm
Concrete strength, fé = 27.5 MPa
Dead Load = 160 kN/m
Steel strength:
fy = 314 MPa for db > 12 mm
= -s
or
1000 Live Load = 135 kN/ m
Concrete Unit Weight = 24 kN/m3
fy = 275 MPa for do ≤ 12 mm
Which of the following gives the minimum width (m) of the footing?
Strength reduction factor for moment = 0.90
A. 2.05 C.2.83
55. Calculate the ultimate moment capacity (kN-m) per meter if a 10- 144 160 + 135 =

B. 2.22. D. 3.06
mm diameter bar is used, spaced 125 mm on center.
A. 14.98 C. 16.64 ~ 2
B. 17.01 D. 18.90
.
22B

59. Given:
b 1000 ; 8 bors
Width of Footing, B = 4 m
=

8 52π Factored net soil pressure, qu = 220 kPa

2
.
= I
Effective depth of footing, d = 350 mm
85 27 5 -
1000
Diameter of main bars, db = 25 mm
.
. .

Concrete, fc = 27.8 MPa

56. Calculate the ultimate moment capacity (kN-m) per meter if a 16-
Steel, fy = 413 MPa
mm liameter bar is used, spaced 100 mm on center.
Which of the following gives the spacing (mm) of the bars?
A. 42.38 C. 52.71 vs + , 14 d 97 =
A. 165 C. 175
B. 47.09 D. 47.44
B. 170 D. 155 83
;
.

27 008
442
U
2: . 47 .

57. If the 10 mm bars spaced at 125 mm on center is replaced with 12 &

↓
mm bar, what is the spacing required? & ·
a

A. 203 C. 104 8 bars 2005T for exact

=
2 =

B. 128 D. 178 178

- &

621T S
-
; 3 =
1000 de Mn-Mn
/75
.
~

S
200 =
765
Smin =

180
=
=

=
178 S
S
56 3 .

Situation 21 - The pile footing supports a column, 800 mm × 800 mm 60. Given: use

at the center. Resisting Moment, Mr = 2,500 kN-m 155

Dimensions: a = 0.8 m, b = 1.6 m Overturning Moment, Mo = 1,400 kN-m
Pile diameter, Dp = 600 mm Which of the following gives the width (m) of the footing that will satisfy
Effective depth of the footing = 950 mm the following conditions?
fc = 28 MPa, fy = 414 MPa Net soil pressure, qe = 144 kPa
Strength reduction factor for shear = 0.75
Critical load on a pile at service load = 180 kN
No tensile stress no tensile d 3
A. 7.6 B. 6.8
Critical load on a pile at ultimate load = 300 Kn C. 5.5 D. 10.2

61. Calculate the total load (kN) on the column based on the service
capacity of the piles.
A. 3600 C. 2880
B
B. 2160 D. 2700
B
. 2500

1400

; B 10 77 m
=
.

144

63. Given:
Column axial load, Pu = 2400 kN
Moment about the y-axis, Muy = 450 kN-m
Calculate the biggest pile load (kN).
A. 228.13 C. 252.73
62. Calculate the critical punching shear stress (MPa) on a pile when B. 231.25 D. 235.16
the ultimate pile cap reaction = 200 kN.
A. 0.112 C. 0.043
B. 0.149 D. 0.058

·
g

·
g

g 8 g
·

.
8 .
·
Situation 22 - Given data for a circular spiral column: Situation 23 - A pendulum is rotated in a conical manner at a constant
Diameter, D = 800 mm velocity. The length of the string cable is 450 mm and the weight of
Concrete, fé' = 34 MPa the pendulum bob is W = 600 N. Given Centrifugal Force =
Steel, fy = 413 MPa, fyv = 413 MPa
Concrete shear stress = 0.99 MPa 67. If 0 = 30° , find the tension (N) in the cable.
Maximum clear spacing of spiral = 75 mm A. 692.8 C. 519.6
Minimum clear spacing of spiral = 25 mm B. 1200.0 D. 346.4
64. If the column is subject to a shear force Vu = 680 kN, what is the
required center to center spacing of the 10-mm spiral?
8D =
%
A. 100 C. 115
B. 73 D. 85 sin
b =
D =
c
r

600 C
W

S
S = 03 .
854mm

but -5 adopt
Smax =
,
68. If 0 = 30°, if the allowable tension in the cable is 1250 N, find the
C = 85 maximum W(N).
A. 625.0 C. 721.7
65. What is the minimum diameter of the spiral, if the center to center B. 1082.5 D. 1443.4
spacing is kept at 50 mm?
A. 10 C. 14
S C S
use C( Go sin60-w 0
=

B. 12. D. 16 r W =

S ·

69. Find the pulling force (N) at the plane of circumference, if it is

I
-

9
S
5
· -

ch
rotated at a constant speed of v = 2.5 m/s.
A. 643.1 C. 692.9
B. 346.1 D. 992.6 CF =

COS
f
SM
f COS COS O
choose
-
.

E
M
COS--
-

·
S

COS
-

sin
T

66. Based on the minimum steel reinforcement requirement, what is

sit-
the center to center spacing of the 10-mm spiral? Use 40 mm concrete
cover. 31 152 .

Minimum steel ratio: COS--

sit- COS
-

A. 60 B. 70
C. 50 D. 40 -

10531 .
152
S

Situation 24 - Identify the behavior of materials described:

S = 43 55.

70. When a material is subjected to repeated cycles of stress or strain,

what causes its structure to breakdown ultimately leading to fracture?
A. creep C. fatigue
B. plasticity D. yielding

71. When a material has to support a load for a long period of time,
what causes it to continue to deform until a sudden fracture occurs?
A. creep C. fatigue
B. plasticity D. yielding

72. In what condition is a material when it breaks down and deforms

permanently even due to a slight increase in stress above the elastic
limit?
creep
plasticity
fatigue
yielding
 Situation 17 - The column shown in the figure is made from four 300 SIT 18
mm × 16 mm A36 steel. The column is 12 m long, hinged at both 57. Calculate the compressive stress in the beam due to this cracking
ends, and laterally supported at L/3 about the y-axis. moment.
⑧
A. 3.12 MPa B. 3.08 MPa C. 2.60 MPa D. 3.34 MPa
G
F =
6 .
638 .
6
iner
26S
332
2 .

Ceret uses 58. What additional weight can the beam support without cracking?
A. 9.32 kN/m B. 10.52 kN/m C. 6.37 kN/m D. 9.20 kN/m
old code *

E 232
God 3 .
895k
m

53. The effective slenderness ratio about the x-axis.

A. 94.2 B. 91.4 C. 47.1 D. 52.6
6 .
e 89s
.

g
% = 6 49- .

300 1604 .
: 19 200

332 859(10) "mm Situation 19 - The floor framing plan of a reinforced concrete structure
Ex = 300 :

26803003311 .

is shown in the figure. The columns are 400 mm × 400 mm and the
2 12 beams are 320 mm wide with a 350 mm depth. The section at
hinged k : 1 .
12000 S
support beam EFGH is also shown in the figure. Assume f'c = 28 MPa
and fy = 415 MPa. The NSCP coefficients for continuous beams and
859(10)"
311 .

slabs are given in Figure Code-523.

19200

-pe↓
com
54. The effective slenderness ratio about the y-axis.

I
A. 34 B. 68 C. 102 D. 51
2
cm//
3268"
3
.

3323
-- 6

↑
26 . E
2 .

cm/
I

i
8

cm/)
52 33 .

2
6
.

263 ,
--

gerns

55. The axial load capacity of the column.

Imm

I
comm

A. 1963 kN B. 1547 kN C. 1813 kN D. 2015 kN

no table solve manually 8-2
,
CC = 33 .
-
G,
mm

Shrt
Cre 68 -- - y
248
e =
h = 222 05 .

28 mm
222 OS
.

= 1- 88kN
· 658 g
· 67 newcode 6 mm

-
Situation 18 - The section of a concrete beam is shown in the figure.
59. Calculate the nominal moment strength of the beam.
The beam is simply supported over a span of 6 m. Unit weight of
A. 1897 kN-m B. 2328 kN-m C. 2148 kN-m D. 2475 kN-m
concrete is 24 kN/m³. Concrete compressive strength f_c = 28 MPa C Cs tension of top
and concrete tensile strength f_t = 2.8 MPa. In this problem, b₁ = 250 2
?
. 80
mm, b₂ = 350 mm, h = 600 mm, and D = 150 mm. ·
8502804032
-
78415 800
T

56. Calculate the cracking moment 2 87

assumption ; d =

I
.

wrong
of the beam.
A. 57.97 kN-m B. 42.94 kN-m Gc -
6) 2
.
85%. 2 o
8
850280 32
C. 56.83 kN-m D. 66.48 kN-m
.

.
C

88 17 55 1339 Es
frel C =
Y 50 25 50 = .

2 =

·
I
400
600
32 85 285
goo
D
-

175300

316 667
.
-

2 O c -

0)285 6) -

= 2) - 53
C

200
-

60. Calculate the maximum factored uniform load wu that can be

- =
6232994mm2 318 -

.
479 ; 5 = supported by beam EFGH.
A. 54.4 kN/m B. 62 kN/m C. 71 kN/m D. 47.4 kN/m
25 . 608 50 600)
75 + 6)2
.

2 .

36
-

Myo WL2 ·
53) 5 .
C

6
TO

6 61. If h = 500 calculate the nominal moment strength of the beam.

5I 2 8 A. 307 kN-m B. 404 kN-m C. 209 kN-m D. 436 kN-m
5=
;
c : .

ca
I
2 318 479 .
d= 35 some 85% 280 .
85%32 ? 64-6) 80 ?

6 .
769 85
435 B
.

32 -

2
6
tr = 62t 6228 . O c b)47 483 986
51 8 6)
-

2
.
-

.
=
C
318 479 .
 Situation 24 - The column of a non-sway frame is shown in the figure. Situation 26 - The pile cap shown in the figure supports a 400-mm square
Concrete strength f'c = 28 MPa and steel strength fy = 415 MPa. Tie column. In this problem, x1 = 2 m, x2 = 0.60 m and d = 0.60 m
diameter is 10 mm with clear cover of 40 mm. Consider bending parallel
to line 1 and neglect the concrete area displaced by steel. Loads:
-

2 2

I
x1 = 250 mm y1 = 150 mm - -
Axial dead load, P_D = 430 kN 2

x2 = 350 mm y2 = 200 mm Axial live load, P_L = 380 kN

I
Axial earthquake load, P_E = 220 kN
h
= 500
Moment due to earthquake, M_E = 170 kN-m

6-25mm Load combinations: 1 2D +! OLATE

2 .

Dead & Live load: U = 1.4D + 1.7L

-
195000 Dead, Live, & Earthquake: U = 1.32D + 1.1L + 1.1E

.
Z 38
1-28mm Y
,

1
74. Determine the location of the geometric centroid from line 1. Old code
A. 0 B. 224 mm C. 233 mm D. 242 mm
&n 268 .
8 used0 = 0 85 .

80. Calculate the required nominal wide beam shear stress at critical
& 200 x =
250(500)(125) + 350 200150 +2 .

section.
232 69 [ .
A. 0.306 MPa B. 0.358 MPa C. 0.385 MPa D. 0.412 MPa
.2
3
6
75. Determine the location of the plastic centroid from line 1.
.

A. 265 mm B. 0 C. 255 mm D. 248 mm

= 268 8 + .
! 3113
- .

eq

-
-

4 . in
85028 250 500
CC 2(3/1300)
. .
.
0 8 .

2d2
-

C25 + 85 28 350 200

60063200
. . .
.

2
T
, 62 5 .
81. Calculate the required nominal punching shear stress at critical
12
2
section.
18-5 2 62 5

A. 0.416 MPa B. 0.489 MPa C. 0.481 MPa D. 0.523 MPa

.

2
Ty 536 1344- 268 8 0 597
.

=
.

254 9032C .
+ God)

76. If the column is reinforced such that the plastic centroid is located 270 82. Calculate the required moment at critical section.
mm from line 1 along the x-axis, determine the moment due to a factored A. 519.59 kN-m B. 399.36 kN-m C. 356.98 kN-m D. 467.63 kN-m
load of 3500 kN acting at 460 mm from line 1 along the x-axis.
2(268 8)(1 .
-

04) = 430 08
A. 665 kN-m B. 625 kN-m C. 675 kN-m D. 655 kN-m .

3500(0 46 .
-

0 .
27) =
665 A Situation 27 - The rectangular footing shown is subjected to factored
axial load of P_u = 3600 kN, factored moment M_u = 660 kN-m. The
effective depth of footing is d = 650 mm.
Situation 25 - The column of a non-sway frame is shown in the figure 3m
above. Concrete strength f'c = 28 MPa and steel strength fy = 415
MPa. Tie diameter is 10 mm with clear cover of 40 mm. Consider
bending parallel to x-axis and neglect the concrete area displaced
by steel.
·
-

x1 = 250 mm y1 = 150 mm

I
5
x2 = 350 mm y2 = 300 mm

old code
6-25mm3 83. Calculate the critical nominal wide-beam shear stress due to axial
load only.
A. 0.486 MPa B. 0.524 MPa C. 0.478 MPa D. 0.261 MPa
31n 5/3-0 65)
6
Lu 480 2 660
.
= ·
0 =
1-28mm
= -

5
.
.

660 000
: 5415
650) 2500 .

77. Determine the location of the geometric centroid from x-axis.

84. Calculate the critical nominal punching shear stress due to axial
A. 257 mm B. 249 mm C. 236 mm D. 0
OD load only.
A. 1.032 MPa B. 1.125 MPa C. 1.049 MPa D. 0.985 MPa
78. Determine the location of the plastic centroid from x-axis.
180 (2 503 10 6 +0 65)7) = 2850
= -

A. 268 mm B. 0 C. 256 mm D. 105 mm

n .
. .

0 B 2850 000
·
169
79. Determine the moment due to a factored load of 4600 kN
acting at 26 mm from the x-axis.
85. Calculate the critical nominal wide-beam shear stress due to axial
A. 124.5 kN-m B. 105.8 kN-m C. 136.7 kN-m D. 119.6 kN-m
load and moment.
4600(0 026 .
=- 119 6 kN-m
.
A. 0.542 MPa B. 0.512 MPa C. 0.555 MPa D. 0.528 MPa
656
6(660)
-

S
-

2 304
2 . 5032 ,

V = 6543-0
. 6
-0 . 65) · 2 5
.

591 47% =
857 67
Vn 703
.
.

=,